Navegando por Assunto "Amazonia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Cidade dos Lázaros: isolacionismo, políticas públicas e lepra no Pará (1900-1934)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-28) VIEIRA, Elis Regina Corrêa; SANJAD, Nelson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110037947248805; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-1185
At the end of the XIX century and the beginning of XX, leprosy went through a process of singularization marked by an intense debate about etiology, therapy and prophylaxis of the disease. In this context, there was a theoric effort to consolidate leprosy as a disease caused by a bacillus and transmitted by contagion. At the same time, if the disease was contagious and its means of transmission was uncertain, the idea of isolating the patients was the only way of avoiding the spread of the disease became strength. In Brazil, many doctors and intellectuals participated in an international network of scientists that debated about the disease. In the same context, the health movement demanded that the Union increase its responsibilities in public health. The leprosy prophylaxis was benefited by these discussions and the federal government started to implement several leprosariums in partnership with the state government. Lazarópolis do Prata, in the state of Pará, was created in this context. It was installed in 1923 and officially opened in June 1924. My thesis proposes that doctors created a model of isolation to Lazarópolis, however, the experience of different individuals recreated the senses of this isolation, challenging the hygienist ideal of a kind, disciplined, and submissive "lázaro" to the doctors. Thus, even an institution seen as a model faced challenges such as escapes and violations to the established norms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desafios para implantação dos protocolos estabelecidos no Padrão Global da Indústria para a Gestão de Rejeitos (GISTM), estudo de caso: estruturas de disposição de rejeitos no sudeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-25) SOUSA, Rodolfo Pereira; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
The creation of the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) is a milestone for the world's largest mining companies, created with the aim of guaranteeing zero harm to communities and the environment This research aims to present the challenges of implementing the GISTM (Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management) for tailings disposal structures, located in the southeast of the state of Pará, being a dam, raised downstream, and a pit, which is an old mining area where the mineral reserve was exhausted in 2021. In order to assess the levels of compliance with the Global Standard, the technical collection of the tailings dam and pit was used to enable the application of the Compliance Protocols proposed by GISTM. The work presents the level of maturity in 3 stages, in the years 2023, 2024 and 2025. Although GISTM proposes requirements for an integrated analysis of tailings management, due to the different nature of the tailings disposal facilities, the facilities were evaluated in isolation. Based on the research, the dam was found to be more compliant with the items required by GISTM, with a more robust technical document framework than the pit. It is concluded that this result is correlated with the fact that the dam complies with Brazil's National Dam Safety Policy (PNSB), while the pit, as a tailings disposal structure, has no regulations for this use. In addition, it should be noted that although the pit is considered an unconventional disposal structure, the implementation of GISTM is required, subject to some adaptations in the understanding of what is proposed by the GISTM.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dos siglos de cartografía en la frontera del alto Rio Negro-Vaupés entre Colombia y Brasil 1774-1976
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04) BECERRA, Gabriel Cabrera
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geograficidade e espacialidades urbanas na Amazônia: o caso das juventudes reassentadas em Altamira-PA com a construção da UHE Belo Monte
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-27) CONCEIÇÃO, Ronicleici Santos da; OLIVEIRA, Assis da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1543002680290808; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-3207-7400; HERRERA, José Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-5024
This thesis analyzes the urban spatialities of resettled young people, affected by the compulsory displacement caused by the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, in the Xingu Integration Region, Pará, Amazonia since 2011. This study reveals the complexity of the changes and challenges faced by young people and offers insights if other similar projects are planned for and in the region. Compulsory displacement has resulted in the severing of material and immaterial ties with their former territories, leading to the reconfiguration of spatial dynamics. In addition, these groups have been demonstrating resilience, constructing multiple identities and subjectivities and circumventing socio-spatial inequalities. Although the resettlements offer better physical facilities than the palafitas, socio-spatial segregation persists, and young people continue to face a nuance of these inequalities in their daily lives. This highlights the importance of considering not only the physical infrastructure of the housing context, but also the economic, social, political and cultural dimensions - when designing projects of this nature. A critical aspect is the need to consider the multiple temporalities involved in these processes, recognizing that each resettled person has a unique trajectory and experiences for and with the geographic space. This points to the importance of a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to analyzing the impacts of major projects in the region, with a focus on the well-being of local communities, especially young people who face real and significant challenges in (re)constructing their urban spatialities. The study reveals various aspects of youth in the Jatobá and Laranjeiras Collective Urban Resettlements (RUC), highlighting that creating new spatialities requires time, through the space that conditions youth relations, as well as socio-spatial relations that shape space, such as the rupture of the border between the RUC and the city's public spaces, from which new and old relationships are being (re)constructed, such as interactions with the job market, use of public spaces, recreational practices with the Xingu River, inclusion in social movements, insertion in criminalization, as well as the perpetuation of human rights violations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incêndios, degradação e restauração biocultural de florestas sociais na Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns, oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) PEREIRA, Cássio Alves; BARLOW, Jos; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
The Amazon plays a central role in the conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, in the provision of ecosystem services of global relevance, such as climate regulation and is the habitat of thousands of traditional communities and indigenous populations. Despite its socio-environmental importance, human activities have caused extensive transformations in the Amazon rainforest and one of the biggest current concerns, in addition to deforestation (clear-cutting of the forest) is forest degradation caused by fire. This thesis addresses the theme of degradation caused by fires in social forests inhabited by indigenous communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, in the region of Santarém, west of Pará, considered one of the most vulnerable regions to fire in the Amazon region. The research evaluates the perception of indigenous communities about the degradation and changes in social forest conditions caused by forest fires, examines the effect of two consecutive fires (2015 and 2017) on the structure, composition and diversity of forest tree and palm species, and analyzes the possibility of building strategies to prevent future degradation and recover social forests by the biocultural approach that integrates research and traditional knowledge of the indigenous communities. The results showed that consecutive forest fires reduce the biomass of the vegetation and lead to taxonomic homogenization of the forest. Indigenous communities perceive the vulnerability of their territory to the occurrence of forest fires, particularly in times of severe drought. In addition, they recognize social, economic and environmental losses and are willing to act to control the advance of degradation and the recovery of the social forest. Finally, a research and action agenda focused on causes, impacts, management and mitigation of fires in social forests is proposed, which includes pilot initiatives for biocultural restoration, produced jointly with the communities. These initiatives should contain goals, approaches and technologies capable of empowering economically, socially and politically and integrating the action of indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations, public agencies, academia and research agencies and the public power in order to expand the approach to biocultural restoration related to forest fires in the Amazon and produce globally relevant knowledge and lessons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sussurros e vozes da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09) GUBERMAN, Mariluci
Thoughts, emotions, the particular wayofeachcivilizationseeingthe world anditselfform its philosophy. Thisstudyseeksthethoughtofthesepeoplesandtheirdescendants, becausethe time whenonebelieved in a single philosophy for humanityhasalreadybeenexhausted. Differencesbetweenpeoples in thefieldofideas are characteristic: western thinkingisrevealed in a linear andfinite time, as "beginningandend", whilethethoughtoftheOrientalsisrevealed in a cyclicalandinfinite time. The preHispanicpeoples, althoughthey are partofthe West, maintain a thought similar tothatoftheEast, mainly in relationtomanandnature. Therefore, it isimportanttodiscussindigenousand Western thought, bothwithregardtothevalorizationofindigenousculture, andwithregardtothepreservationofnature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Terra de ninguém? questões agrárias e movimentos sociais nas Amazônias brasileira e peruanas: do extrativismo ao neoextrativismo passando pelos regimes militares (1850-2009)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04) RIBEIRO, Vanderlei Vazelesk