Navegando por Assunto "Caulinita"

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Adsorção de nitrato em caulinita a partir de rejeito de caulim modificado com uréia
(2013-12) TAVARES, Laís Conceição; LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; PINHEIRO, Marta Helena Tavares; DANTAS FILHO, Heronides Adonias; DANTAS, Kelly das Graças Fernandes
This study evaluates the the efficiency, feasibility and spontaneity of the adsorption of nitrate ion in natural and modified kaolinite with urea, using as starting material kaolin waste processing from Jari River. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (XRD, XRF and FTIR, respectively). The equilibrium pH measurements were performed by potentiometry and the equilibrium concentrations (Ce) nitrate was measured by ion chromatography. Amounts adsorbed at equilibrium (qe), distribution constant (Kd = qe / Ce), separation factor (RL) and variation of Gibbs free energy (ΔG °) were calculated based on experimental data adsorption. The results of XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of the kaolinite-urea from treatment carried out on kaolin waste. The following data were obtained from the adsorption of nitrate on natural kaolin waste and treated with urea: qmax = 18.17 and 14.1 mmol kg-1 Kd = 0.7 to 2.2 and 0.45 - 1.5 L kg-1; RL = 0.35 to 0.85 and 0.25 to 0.80; ΔG ° = -9.3 to -5.8 and -9.1 to -5.4 kJ mol-1, respectively. The values of Kd , ΔGº and RL are typical of physisorption processes, feasible and spontaneous and those qmax indicate that the retention of nitrate on natural kaolin waste is more efficient than on kaolin waste modified with urea.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de nitrato em rejeito de caulim organofuncionalizado com uréia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-30) TAVARES, Laís Conceição; LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1829861620854008
Kaolin waste, generated in abundance by companies from Pará state, has caused to the environmental problems. In order to give input on the reuse of this waste was evaluated retention of nitrate ions on kaolin waste natural and modified with urea and studied the equilibrium of adsorption processes at solid-solution interfaces. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence (XRF and XRD, respectiely), IR spectroscopy (FTIR spectrum), scanning electron microscopy and estimated data of surface charge. Adsorption experiments of nitrate ions in the waste natural kaolin (CRJN) and modified with urea (CRJU) were performed without pH adjustment. H + concentrations were measured by direct potentiometry before and after the process of adsorption and equilibrium concentrations of nitrate were measured by ion chromatography. The results indicated: high purity kaolin waste; formation of kaolinite-urea complex confirmed by XRD reflection at 2  8,28o e d = 1.068 nm and the FTIR spectrum with the appearance of a broad band of low intensity, containing two discrete shoulder around 3500-3380 cm-1, corresponding to asymmetric and symmetric vibrations of the group-NH2 of urea-kaolinite, superimposed to the vibration of water. surface charges data, suggesting that the materials have a higher capacity to adsorb cations than anions, but depending on the concentration of H + and OH- on adsorbent, the hydroxyl surface can be protonated yielding positive charges that are reflected in the adsorption of anions, obtaining significant adsorbed nitrate, both in CRJN as CRJU (0,27-0,73 and from 0,18-0,70 3.5 mg g-1, respectively), the separation coefficient (RL) of from 0,28 to 0,828 change in free energy ΔG ° = -2,094 to + 0,445 kJ mol-1 for CRJN and ΔG° = -1,036 to + 1,32 kJ mol-1 for CRJN molecule. The data from RL indicated that the adsorption processes are less favorable in most points of the adsorption processes and based on the results of the free energy change (ΔG º) was showed low spontaneity to no spontaneity and adsorption processes are physical.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de resíduos da mineração de bauxita na síntese de geopolímeros
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-08) BARRETO, Igor Alexandre Rocha; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-0432
The process of extraction and beneficiation of bauxite deposits in the bauxite province of Paragominas/Rondon do Pará can generate large amounts of waste, mainly in two stages of the process: mining and processing. In the mining stage of the deposits, the “residue” comes from the removal of a thick layer of clay material (known as Belterra Clay). On the other hand, the “residue” from the beneficiation process is generated after the crushing, grinding and washing stages, which give rise to a large amount of clay material dispersed in a large amount of water. For the present study, it selected Belterra clay from the bauxite deposits of Rondon do Pará, a sample of Bauxite Washing Clay from the Hydro company and a sample of kaolin benefited from Imerys Company. The samples and geopolymers were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (FRX), Gravimetric Thermal Analysis (TG), Differential Exploratory Calorimeter (DSC), Optical Emission Spectrometry with Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES) and Laser Particle Analyzer (APL). Geopolymers were synthesized from Belterra clay, microsilica and NaOH according to the Box-Benkhen design. Synthesis of geopolymers from Belterra clay and beneficiated kaolin was also carried out (a comparative study) using KOH and microsilica. Finally, geopolymers were synthesized from Bauxite washing clay with NaOH and microsilica according to the Doehlert design. In the study with only Belterra clay, the highest resistance result was 47.78MPa and the lowest result was 7.05MPa. In the comparative study between Belterra Clay and beneficiated kaolin, the best results of compressive strength were obtained with the beneficiated kaolin. The compressive strength results of the geopolymers synthesized from the Washing Clay ranged from 8.99 to 41.89MPa. These results demonstrate the positive potential of both samples for the synthesis of geopolymers that can be used as possible “Eco-friendly” substitutes for traditional materials, mainly ceramics and cement.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos resíduos cauliníticos das indústrias de mineração de caulim da Amazônia como matéria-prima para produção de pozolanas de alta reatividade
(2012-03) BARATA, Márcio Santos; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões
Capim and Jari are the two most important kaolin mining districts of the Brazilian Amazon region. They encompass the major Brazilian reserves of high quality kaolin for the paper coating industry. The kaolin is mined and processed by three major companies responsible for about 500,000 ton of a residue mainly composed of kaolinite. The wastes come mainly from the centrifugation phase of the kaolin beneficiation process and their final destinations are huge sedimentation basins that occupy large areas. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the kaolin wastes processed from the Capim and Jari region, in order to obtain metakaolinite, a high reactive pozzolan for the cement industry. When incorporated to ordinary Portland cement such pozzolans increases the concrete and mortars performance. All the residues studied in this work were characterized by means of: X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and laser diffraction. Both residues are mainly constitutes by at least 92% of low granulometry kaolinite with specific surface area above 8 m2/g and mean diameter below 1 µm. Free silica (quartz) contents are below 3%. The high concentration of kaolinite in these residues dispenses rigid control parameters for removal of impurities usually employed in pozzolan production. The Jari kaolin exhibits high disordered kaolinite in comparison with the high ordered kaolinite of the Capim region and gives rise to higher desidroxilation degree at lower temperatures. It points to energy saving and reducing costs during the production of a pozzolan. The results are satisfactory and reveal that both kaolin wastes are excellent raw material for the production of high reactive metakaolin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caulins amazônicos: possíveis materiais de referência
(2013-09) SANTOS, Suzianny Cristina Arimatéa; ROCHA JUNIOR, Carlos Augusto Ferreira da; SILVA, Liliane Nogueira da; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas
Kaolin is a product originated by the weathering action of aluminum silicates, such as feldspars, which in the Amazon region is favored by warm and humid climate. Used in fabrication of refractory, cement, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, paper coating and filler and other several purposes. This study aims to characterization and comparison of kaolins for paper coating and in natura from different regions in Pará ( Rio Capim, Jarí and Vila do Conde) of sedimentary origin with kaolins used as reference materials (IPT-28, IPT-32, IPT-42, KGa-1b e KGa-2). The characterizations were carried out by methods of chemical, physical and mineralogical analyses: Particle size distribution, X-Ray Diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Differential Thermal Analysis. The results showed as main mineral phase in all kaolin studied the kaolinite, with different degrees of "crystallinity". The Amazon kaolins presented high and low degree of structural order as well as reference materials. With respect to the properties of chemical composition, both materials showed levels of SiO2 + Al2O3 above 90%, low levels of Na2O and TiO2, with average of 0.6% and 1.92%, respectively for the reference materials, and for amazon kaolins were 0.3% and 1.62% to TiO2. The particle size analysis showed variances of the D50 from 0.7 to 9 µm to the amazon kaolins and from 1.7 to 6 µm to the reference materials. The sedimentary amazon kaolins, with low levels of impurities and found in large quantities, suggest a strong potential for use as reference kaolins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cristaloquímica da sodalita Bayer derivada de bauxitas com alta sílica reativa de Paragominas-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-24) MELO, Caio César Amorim de; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7501959623721607
In the Paragomina’s region, as well as the whole Brazilian north, gibbisitic bauxite deposits commonly shows high amount of kaolinite. The processing of this bauxites (called as High Silica Bauxites - BASR) became a challenge because in the conventional conditions of the Bayer process, the kaolinite is undesirably leached by NaOH solution, and then precipitated as sodalite. The formation of this phase brings a significant increase in process costs, both by increasing the processing time as the irreversible loss of NaOH robbed from the system to form sodalite, which is then discarded in the red mud. Given this metallurgical problem this study aimed to investigate the crystal chemistry of sodalite formed in conventional conditions of the Bayer process, so that, from these results, studies to reduce these losses of the process and facilitate the processing of BARS can be developed in the future. The materials investigated were kaolinitic gangues from 4 lithologies of an exploration well in Miltonia 3 mine (BN, BNC, BC and BCBA), as well as a kaolin from IMERYS S.A. The digestions were carried out in Teflon-lined, stainless steel autoclaves, using 1 g of solid material, 25 mL of NaOH solution and at a temperature of 150ºC in an oven. The NaOH concentration and the reaction time ranged from 2,5 to 5,0 M and 60 to 420 min, respectively. Then the solid material was characterized by XRD, DTA/TG, FTIR, SEM and ICP-OES. The results of the starting materials showed that the kaolin sample is essentially constituted by kaolinite, which has a high structural ordering degree. All the samples of kaolinitic gangue showed the same minerals: gibbsite, kaolinite, hematite, goethite and anatase. By the observation of the XRD patterns and DTA curves can be noted that the BN and BNC samples are more reactive than the others, possibly due a lower structural ordering degree and particle size. In the experiments with kaolin, it can be observed that are formed not one, but two sodalite phases, which coexist practically throughout the whole process and tending to an equilibrium phase. These two phases differs themselves by the amount and behavior of the NaOH and H2O molecules within the framework. The results of the refinments showed that these phases were: basic sodalita with cell parameter (ao) ~ 8,96 Å, which is predominant in the initial stages of the transformation, and hydrosodalite with ao ~ 8,85 Å dominant in the secondary stage (mainly in 180 min). The XRD results from kaolinitic gangues showed that in 60 min there was no full kaolinite/sodalite conversion, and the sodalite patterns in BN and BNC were more intense and well defined than BC and BCBA, confirming that these samples have more reactive kaolinites. The increase of the reaction time and NaOH concentration provided a slight increase of the structural sodalite order. It may be noted that in almost all experiments the only phase formed was basic sodalite. The exceptions were the lithologies: BCBA and BC, which hydrosodalite was formed in the highest time of reaction and NaOH concentration, thus showing that this phase is directly associated with a higher time, concentration and crystallinity of kaolinite available in the reaction medium. It can be observed that throughout the reaction, in shorter time and concentration it is not possible to achieve a balance, which leads to a constant interchange of predominant phase in the system. In the higher time and concentration experiments, a balance is virtually reached, in order that it cannot be observed separated diffraction peaks. However there is no significant increase of the structural ordering even for extreme times as 3 days of reaction. The ammonium chloride experiments showed that this reaction medium allows the formation of more crystalline phases than all others achieved in this research. However, it did not result in the diminished of the sodium consumption.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento do processo de síntese da zeólita A e da sodalita a partir de rejeitos de Caulim da Amazônia com aplicações em adsorção
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-31) MAIA, Ana Áurea Barreto; POLMANN, Herbert; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7501959623721607; 7501959623721607
The minimization of industrial and domestic residues is one of the great challenges that human kind is facing. Several proposals are released for this intention, ranging from improving industrial processes in order to minimize waste generation, besides their use in the production of new materials. In this context, this work has the main purpose of using kaolin residues from industries located in the Pará State, northern Brazil, for the production of zeolites (e.g., zeolite A and sodalite). These companies exploit kaolin from the world famous Capim and Jari regions and produce high quality kaolin for the paper industry. Preliminary mineralogical and chemical characterization of the Capim (KC) and Jari (KJ) kaolin residues was carried out as the basis for further zeolite A and sodalite synthesis. The study of thermal activation of kaolinite at various temperatures was carried out using 27Al and 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), in order to to produce highly reactive metakaolinite from KC and KJ residues. The zeolite NaA synthesis was performed for varying parameters such as time and Na/Al relation. Temperature was kept constant at 110 °C for the two starting materials (KC and KJ). The KA, MgA and CaA phases were prepared by ionic exchange from phase NaA. In the sodalite synthesis, kaolinite was used directly as starting material and two temperatures (150 and 200 °C) were utilized. The Na/anion and Na/Al relations were maintained constant and varied, respectively in the reaction mixture for KC and KJ. The removal performance of mixed metal ions (Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Zn2+ e Ni2+) in aqueous solution was investigated by adsorption process on zeolite NaA prepared from KC an KJ as proposal to reduce environmental problem with industrial wastewater streams that contain heavy metals. The XRD results showed that the residues are mainly composed of kaolinite with extremely low impurity level. For comparing the residues from two regions, Capim and Jari verified that the KC displays a high degree of structural order. This difference displays significant influence in the ideal heating temperature to produce a material with high amount of 4-coordinated A1. As a result, the ideal temperature to produce highly reactive metakaolinite is: 600 °C for Jari kaolin residue and 700 °C for Capim kaolin residue. Zeolite A was produced with a large degree of structural order and was generally obtained as the only zeolitic product. The following synthesis conditions were used: Na/Al ratio of 1.64 and time 18 and 20 h for KC and KJ, respectively. The cationic exchange process between Na from zeolite A and K, Mg and Ca in solutions displays efficient result and with XRD data, was verified that the KA, MgA and CaA phases were obtained with success. The sodalite series was produced from KC and KJ and by FTIR was confirmed the chloride, sulphate and carbonate insertion in its structure. The KJ kaolinite displays high reactivated in the sodalite synthesis, it could be explicated by its low degree of structural order. The sorption capacity of heavy metals mixture (Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Zn2+ e Ni2+) on zeolite NaA, produced from KC and KJ, display satisfactory values. The results revealed that the Langmuir model is more appropriate than Freundlich in the fit of the experimental data. Zeolite A, produced from residues (KC and KJ), could be excellent materials for the treatment of wastewater.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Especiação e quimissorção de Pb(II) em rejeito de caulim
(2013) PINHEIRO, Marta Helena Tavares; LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; DANTAS, Kelly das Graças Fernandes; VALENTIM, Taynara Lima
This study assesses the adsorption of Pb(II) on natural kaolin waste (KRnatural) and on that treated with 3 mol L-1 H2SO4 and HCl. Equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters were determined. The results indicate that the values of CEC, specific area and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (4.6-6.0 cmol kg-1, 14.0-16.0 m² g-1 and 1.16-1.30, respectively) vary only slightly for the adsorbents; the concentration of Pb2+ is much higher than that of other species (PbOH+ and Pb(OH) 2). The values of RL, ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº are typical of feasible, spontaneous, exothermic and ordered adsorption. The chemisorption on KR natural is more feasible and ordered.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogia e geoquímica de bauxitas de Barro Alto (Goiás): considerações genéticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-01) MOURA, Vitor Hugo Santana; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
In the municipality of Barro Alto, Goiás, a bauxite deposit was developed, mostly, on Neoproterozoic anorthosites. According to recent published data, the general mode of occurrence reinforces the lateritic origin, since bauxite follows the current topographic surface. However, the succession of the horizons is not corresponding to the others of the lateritic model, at least partially. The absence or restricted size of the clay horizon with kaolinite, or the presence of kaolinite bodies sectioning the bauxitic body, which locally reaches large thicknesses, overturn the simple lateritic model. This is reinforced by the absence of the classic leopard skin-like pattern or similar iron-aluminous crust and the absence of other coverage. For various authors the wide occurrence of extensive macrocrystalline, botrioidal gibbsite, apparently occupying venules and fracture walls suggests, along with the diversity of the way of occurrence of clays, a contribution of another process, not only lateritization. From this information a study was elaborated to deepen the knowledge about the formation of the Barro Alto bauxite, detailing the generations of gibbsite and kaolinite, as well as to try to identify the lateritic and hydrothermal contributions with these minerals. In the field, 5 mines explored by the company EDEM - Mineração LTDA were studied (Mining 1, Mining 2, Mining 5, Mining 6 and the SELA trench). From these mines, a greater detail was made in mines 1, 2, 5 and in SELA trench. Forty-eight samples were collected from which 22 most representative samples were selected for laboratory analysis involving mineralogical (X-ray Diffractometry), textural (Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy), and chemistry (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass and Optical Emission Spectrometry) characterization. In general, the bauxitic profile of Barro Alto comprises the anorthosite as substrate and possible source rock, on which a porous bauxite horizon (HBP) with stockworks and flint-type veins of kaolin (CF), and locally with subcentimeter corundum crystals (HBPC) was established. They converge to a bauxitic clay zone (ZAB) and then to a massive bauxite horizon (HBM). This in turn is superimposed by a capping formed by centimetric to decametric blocks and nodules of massive bauxite (HBANB), whose occurrence suggests a colluvial formation. In the profiles the horizons HBP, HBPC, HBM and HBANB consist essentially of gibbsite and kaolinite, sometimes containing accessory minerals such as corundum (HBPC), followed by hematite and goethite. In CF and in the bauxite clay zone (ZAB) the dominant mineral is kaolinite and/or halloysite, followed by gibbsite. The chemical composition of the bauxitic profile is basically composed of Al2O3, SiO2 and Fe2O3. CaO, MgO, K2O, MnO, Na2O and P2O5 concentrations are very low (generally <0.09), even below the analytical detection limit. TiO2 contents are also relatively low, generally <0.2%. Trace element concentrations when compared to the average values of the Earth's Upper Crust (EUC) are generally very low. The concentrations of elements such as Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Pb, Th and U are below EUC in all horizons. Only the element Mo has more concentrated values in all horizons. On the other hand, V, Ni, Cu, Cr, Ga, and Pb may eventually have higher values especially in some parts of CF and ZAB. Rare Earth Element (REE) concentrations are below the crustal average in all samples studied and also in the anorthosite. The higher concentrations are typically related to the clayey units such as CF and ZAB, and also to the presence of Fe oxides-hydroxides (HBPC). When normalized to the chondrites, the curves exhibit a slightly similar distribution pattern except for porous bauxite with corundum. There is a slight LREE enrichment and a HREE tendency, but only from Tm to Lu. This behavior resembles that of anorthosite, but with much lower concentrations, except for Tm. It is clear the negative anomalies in Ce and positive in Tm, anomalies linked to LREE depletion and a slight enrichment of HREE. From these mineralogical and chemical data, it was possible to distinguish three distinct generations of gibbsite and kaolinite: Gibbsite (I): of the porous bauxitic horizon, which appears to be that formed directly from the plagioclase and almandine; Gibbsite (II): associated with flint kaolin, along with kaolinite, halloysite and even locally hematite; Gibbsita (III): Cohesive and macrocrystalline, sometimes drusic and overlapping the thinner and more compact botryoidal gibbsite. It forms isolated bodies, apparently disconnected from the larger set of bauxites, in pockets of tens of meters wide and depths greater than 40 m; Kaolinite (I) at the gibbsite - anorthosite interface. This kaolinite makes up the halos of anorthosite alteration, when it does not go straight to gibbsite; Kaolinite (II) corresponds to that of flint kaolin, associated with halloysite and sometimes gibbsite. It occurs in the form of venules, veins and pockets, and vertical fractured zones, the stockworks in general. Kaolinite (III) corresponds to that found mainly in the clayey bauxite horizon with nodules, in which this mineral is yellowish, earthy, invading the bauxite mass and involves the centimetric to decametric nodules. The generations of gibbsite, I, II and III, especially II and III, are not compatible with lateritic evolution, likewise the kaolinite, I, II, and III generations, where I and II are not clearly lateritic, and the III seems to be current pedogenetic. Therefore, it is likely that Barro Alto bauxites are the product of the intense subsurface hydrothermal activity of anorthosites, due to the strong structural deformation in which these rocks were subjected in their final post-emplacement stages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogia e geoquímica do perfil laterito bauxítico na serra Sul, Província Mineral de Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-03) RODRIGUES, Paulo Ronny Soares; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The Amazon holds the largest reserves of bauxites in Brazil, located in Trombetas, Juruti, Paragominas and Rondon do Pará. The Carajás region, with large lateritic deposits, especially of iron, is also emerging with potential for bauxite deposits, with emphasis on those of Serra Norte. In Serras Sul, smaller occurrences were identified, which were investigated in this work. In this context, field activities were carried out with sample collection and textural, mineralogical and chemical analyzes and then a genetic discussion was presented. In four alteration profiles on a side road near the Serra Sul, after geological cartography, 23 samples were collected, which were described, photographed and prepared for mineralogical analysis (X-ray diffraction), textural (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and chemical (mass and optical emission spectrometry, with inductively coupled plasma). The bauxite laterite profile comprises from the base to the top of: 1) Kaolin Horizon (HC); 2) Mottled clay Horizon (HAM); 3) Nodular Bauxite Horizon (HBN); 4) Clayey Bauxite Horizon (HBA) and 5) Ferruginous crust Horizon (HF); and finally to the top 6) Dismantled crust ferruginous horizon (HFD. The chemical composition is essentially dominated by Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2 and TiO2, which compose the main minerals, kaolinite, gibbsite, hematite, goethite and anatase. The trace elements V, Cr, Cu, Ga, As, Zr, Cd, Hf, Bi and Th, whose concentrations are generally higher than those of the Upper Crust of the Earth, are more concentrated in the ferruginous horizons, related to Fe oxy-hydroxides (hematite and goethite) and also to zircon. On the other hand, the elements Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, (Nb), Ag, (Sn), Cs, Ba and Pb are at lower levels than theUpper Continental Crust, and their concentrations are lower in ferruginous horizons, suggesting affinity with clay minerals.ETR at levels lower than UCC, are enriched in ETRP and present strong positive and negative C and positive Eu anomaly, and suggest distribution in zircon, oxy-hydroxides of Fe and other mineral phases. and mass clearly demonstrate a complete lateritic evolution, only partially modified in its upper portion. The bauxite zone, however, does not have local potential for ore, due to the low content of usable alumina and high in reactive silica. However, its occurrence opens an opportunity for further research in view of the geological and paleoenvironmental potential of the Mineral Province of Carajás.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogia e geoquímica dos sedimentos de fundo do rio-lago Tapajós-Pa.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-15) GOZZI, Priscila Valéria Tavares; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The Tapajós River experienced changes in its sedimentary load after the sea level in the Middle Holocene. The river’s mouth had its sedimentary load altered due to the difference of the density of its waters in relation to those of the Amazonas River, which created a physical barrier and drowned the mouth of the Tapajós River between the cities of Aveiro and Santarém. Thus, this part of the Tapajós River is nowadays better described as Lake Tapajós. Aiming the characterization of the Lake Tapajós, as well as the geological source of its sediments, samples from the water-sediment interface and from boreholes (90 cm) were collected and submitted to sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical studies. The results show that the samples of the water-sediment interface are predominantly sandy, whereas the boreholes profiles are silty and composed by quartz, kaolinite, illite, muscovite, with goethite, gibbsite, anatase and smectite, showing a common mineralogical composition found in the terrains surrounding the lake. The occurrence of smectites suggests they are from the following different sources: Amazonas River, rocks of the sedimentary basin and partially weathered rocks from the Lake Tapajós upstream. The heavy mineral assemblage, predominantly composed by ultra-stable minerals, indicates recycling of these minerals, originally from primary sources as igneous and metamorphic rocks. The preferential distribution of sandy sediments in the margins and silty and clay in the central part of the lake, as well as the cyclical variation in the chemical composition along the borehole profiles, mainly in the southern portion of the lake, reinforces the lacustrine environment at least in the last 90 cm depth.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogia, geoquímica e minerais pesados do perfil laterito-bauxítico com cobertura e sua relação com o grupo Itapecuru: lavra piloto ciríaco (Rondon do Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-11) PANTOJA, Heliana Mendes; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The lateritic-bauxite profile studied in Rondon do Pará is part of the Paragominas Bauxite Province, the most important of the Brazil that hosts world-class deposits of considerable economic value. The deposit comprises six horizons: bauxitic clay at the bottom, massive bauxite, massive iron-aluminous crust, iron-aluminous crust dismantled, ferruginous spheroliths and a clay cover equivalent to the "argilas de Belterra" at the top. The sedimentary rocks of the Itapecuru Group are the probable source of the lateritic-bauxite profile and include weathered siltstone and claystone. The mineralogical composition of the three studied units (Itapecuru Group rocks, lateritic-bauxite profile and clay cover) is similar and consist to kaolinite, quartz, hematite, goethite and gibbsite, accessory minerals include anatase and heavy minerals (zircon, tourmaline, rutile, staurolite and opaque). The units differ mainly in this content variation and the absence of gibbsite and goethite in the rocks of Itapecuru Group. The chemical composition of the three units shows that Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 and LOI are the most abundant constituents, related to the major minerals. Trace elements content in the three units are heterogeneous with V, Cr, Ga, Zr, Hf and Th showing concentrations above the crustal average, these elements display good correlation with iron oxy-hydroxides. When normalized to chondrites, the three units differ by positive Ce anomaly in the Itapecuru Group rocks, but are similar in negative Eu anomaly, the depletion of LREE and enrichment of HREE. The data obtained show clear affinities between the three units, suggesting that the sediments of the Itapecuru Group are similar to those of the bedrock of lateritic-bauxite profile while their respective cover demonstrates strong relationship with the crusts and spheroliths. The structure of the lateritic-bauxite profile together with mineralogical and chemical data allow to correlate the Rondon do Pará lateritic-bauxite profile with the deposits of Paragominas and Juruti.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Química, micromorfologia e refinamento por Rietveld das fases minerais da Argila de Belterra em Rondon do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-20) NEGRÃO, Leonardo Boiadeiro Ayres; PÖLLMANN, Herbert; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
Bauxite deposits in the Amazon region are commonly covered by yellowish or reddish clays that can reach up to 25m thick, known as Belterra Clay (BC), term attributed after Sombroek in 1966 describe similar clays, but not related to bauxites in the region of Belterra, Lower Amazon. In Rondon do Pará, the BC has between 10 and 13 m thick, covering world-class bauxite reserves. Representative samples of BC from three pilot bauxite mines (Branco, Décio and Ciríaco) in Rondon do Pará were studied. The BC covers laterite-bauxite regoliths with well-defined horizons. From the basis to the top, they are composed of: bauxite clay, followed by massive bauxite, massive iron-aluminous crust, dismantled iron-aluminous crust, ferruginous spherolites, and a horizon with bauxite nodules in a clayey matrix. In discordant contact with the lateritic profile, the BC has reddish brown colors at the base, with yellowish tones towards the top. It has a homogeneous appearance with no visible sedimentary structures, silt-clayey aspect and with fragments of porcelain bauxite (popcorn like) at its base. The mineral composition of the material is dominated by kaolinite, with Al-goethite, gibbsite, hematite, anatase and residual quartz. The SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of about 1.050 is lower than the theoretical kaolinite (1.178), confirming the existence of gibbsite and even Algoethite as aluminum carrier. As observed by X-ray diffraction analysis, kaolinite is of low structural order, evidenced by the low distinction of the diffraction bands at the 19-22° 2ϴ (Cu anode) region and because this mineral has no satisfactory correlation with any structural model of kaolinite, which was considered the principal difficulty in the application of the Rietveld method. Al-goethite has about 32 mol% of Al and is responsible for the ocher / yellowish color of the BC. This mineral associated with hematite and amorphous iron hydroxide (up to 0.5% Fe) is responsible for up to 13% of Fe2O3 contents. Quartz rarely exceeds 1% as fragments in the clayey matrix. Anatase has concentrations between 2.4 and 2.8%. As observed by SEM, with the exception of quartz, the minerals represent pseudohexagonal crystals measuring from 150 to 700 nm. The thermal behavior of the material confirms its mineralogical composition. Its mineral quantification by thermogravimetric analyzes is in accordance with the Rietveld method and stoichiometric (FRX) results, despite a precise correlation between these methods was unfeasible.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Síntese de zeólitas A e 5A a partir de caulim: uma comparação dos métodos de síntese estático e dinâmico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-11) SANTOS, Suzianny Cristina Arimatéa; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9559386620588673
Greater awareness of environmental issues and policies on conservation have been doing that arise with new proposals for waste recycling. One of those ways is to reuse the employment of the tailing of the beneficiation of kaolin in zeolite synthesis from kaolin tailing, because zeolites have a wide applicability. Zeolite 5A was synthesized by cation exchange using as starting material zeolite A and calcium solution. We have developed a process for synthesis of zeolite A and zeolite 5A, and the kinetic monitoring of obtaining these crystalline phases and scaling of zeolites A and 5A. The following methods were used: XRD, XRF, SEM, DTA-TG and sieve analysis. It was found that using the two methods of synthesis were obtained zeolites A and 5A, but with only variations in the intensities of their peaks, where the synthesized zeolites in dynamic method showed greater intensity and a greater possibility of scaling up production to 400g. The products were used in zeolite adsorption system, the adsorption tests of moisture in the air the same show promise, arriving adsorb up to 20% on the mass of zeolite. It was found that the new dynamic methodology developed for production of zeolite A in this work proved to be much higher than the previous static approach, because it allowed a greater increase in scale beyond the reduction of synthesis time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização de rejeito de caulim da Amazônia na síntese da zeólita A
(2007-09) MAIA, Ana Áurea Barreto; CORREA, Edinelson Saldanha; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas
Zeolite A and Hydroxysodalite were synthesized after kaolin wastes from kaolin processing industries for paper coating, located in the Amazon region. The waste is mainly composed by kaolinite, which has the same SiO2/Al2O3 ratio requested for those two zeolites. Thereby, synthesis process may occur in two steps: 1) the kaolin was submitted to thermal treatment, through calcination process at 700 °C for 2 h, in order to obtain the metakaolinite phase. The metakaolinite obtained reacted with NaOH solution, in hydrothermal conditions, using autoclaves, at the following temperatures: 80, 110 and 150 °C for 24 h. The starting materials were identified and characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis and synthesis products were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, Thermal Methods (DTA-DTG) and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A mixture of Zeolite A and Hydroxysodalite was obtained through this process at 150°C. In the temperature of 110 ºC there was only the Zeolite A formation. Nevertheless, in the lowest synthesis temperature (80°C) there was no crystalline material formation for the established conditions.