Navegando por Assunto "Esgotos"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O balanço de massa das unidades componentes de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto e a utilização da estatística multivariada como ferramenta de verificação do comportamento físico, químico, bacteriólogico e de metais no esgoto bruto e tratado. Estudo de caso: estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico – ETE Sideral - Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-04) FARIAS, Flavia da Silva; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The mass balance of the component units of a wastewater sewage treatment and use of multivariate statistics as a tool for verifying the behavior of raw sewage and treated, was implemented in ETE Sidereal Municipality of Belem do Para in Brazil. This study observed the entire flowchart constituent of the station that is designed to receive a maximum flow of raw sewage of 73 l / s. and now serves a flow of only 1.7 l / so that decreases in 96% of the station was designed, realizing then that today the Sidereal ETE is oversized. In verifying the constituent physical parts of the station there were not in compliance measures that have been suggested in the executive project and were perceived as "in situ". In the mass held for three types of flows: maximum (73 l / s) averaged 43 l / if current 1.7 l / s realized that the decrease in attendance constituent units of the system decreases somewhere around 97.5% the volume to which the components are designed for and found in the Sewage Treatment Station Sidereal. In the characterization of the metals present in the raw sewage treated and it was found that the Principal Component Analysis of the boron (B) (63.5%) and followed by barium (Ba) with (21.9%) justify 84.48% the coefficient of variation that determine how prevalent metal in the influent. In Effluent Boron (B) showed a coefficient of variation of 73.7% which justifies as the main component in the influent of WWTP. In the characterization of metals in the sludge was observed that with a percentage of 98.8% the Barium (Ba) is the main element found. The results obtained with principal component analysis to characterize the physic-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of raw sewage and treated ETE observed that the variable "total COD" is positively related to component BOD and negatively correlated with the Total Alkalinity . Regarding physic-chemical and bacteriological, high levels of BOD, Fecal coliform, TSS and VSS, from the releases of effluents, making present the highest concentrations of organic load remaining.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção de adenovírus humanos em amostras de água superficial e esgoto não tratado oriundas de diversos ecossistemas aquáticos da cidade de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SPADA, Paula Katharine de Pontes; MENDES, Yvone Gabbay
The enteric viruses are important agents of waterborne diseases. Among these, the human adenovirus (HAdV) assumed importance because they are a major cause of gastroenteritis in children under five years and by its high resistance to physical and chemical factors in the detriment of other viruses in the environment. Several studies have shown no relationship between the presence of indicator bacteria and viruses. Therefore, several authors have suggested the inclusion of these agents as potential indicators of viral and fecal water contamination. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of HAdV in water samples and untreated sewage originating from many aquatic ecosystems from Belém-PA. Six sampling points were selected, among them an untreated sewage: Esgoto do UNA and five catch basins: Porto do Açaí, Ver-o-Peso, Igarapé Tucunduba, Lago Bolonha and Lago Água Preta. A month collection of two liters of water was realized in each point for 24 consecutive months, from Nov/2008 to Oct/2010, in a total of 144 samples. Sterile distilled water was used as negative control for each point and in all tests. The samples were concentrated by adsorption-elution method and then centrifuged to obtain two ml. The DNA was extracted by the Qiagen commercial kit. Were employed the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR for molecular detection, with specific primers and probes to amplify a specific hexon gene of 301 and 96 bp, respectively. In order to improve the amplified product for genomic sequencing, some samples positive by PCR were subjected to nested PCR using an additional pair of primers that amplify an internal region of 171 bp. Water and sewage samples were sequenced, analyzed and compared to other obtained from GenBank. The HAdV were detected in 59% (85/144) of samples of surface water and untreated sewage. The positivity obtained by PCR was 22,9% (33/144) and by real-time PCR 58.7% (84/143). The first technique detected the virus only in samples from the Igarapé Tucunduba (62,5%) and Esgoto do UNA (75%) and the second in samples from the six points of collection (variation of 25% to 100%). The agent was detected in all the 24 months of the study, being present in at least two points monthly. The real-time PCR was more sensitive in this study, having found the agent in 36,4% (52/143) of samples not detected by PCR. Of the eight samples genotyped all belong to the species F, four related to serotype 40 and four to 41. Our results confirm the high circulation of these pathogens in surface water and sewage of the city, suggesting the inclusion of HAdVs as good indicators fecal and viral contamination of the water. The study of these viruses in aquatic environments is pioneer in Belém and these results are of relevant importance for public health policies and environmental, serving as a basis for further studies in this area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico dos sistemas de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário de Marapanim: um olhar sobre o distrito de Marudá e a sede municipal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-13) TEIXEIRA, Jean Michel Jorge; MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384080521072847
After the publication of Law No. 11,445 / 2007, establishing the National Sanitation Policy, there was the need for federal agencies (Federal, State and Municipal) initiate a new position on the unsustainability of scenarios related to poor service coverage sanitation, leading to a series of losses to the environment, public health and the economy, preventing the promotion of well-being and quality of life. To ensure the implementation of that law at the local level, municipalities should draw oriented goals and actions for the expansion and universalization of water supply and sanitation by those measures involve the planning and formulation of Sanitation Municipal Basic Plan, which should be started with the construction of the diagnosis of the situation of each of the sanitation components. In this context, this study aims to contribute to the construction of Marapanim Sanitation Plan, municipality located in the northeastern region of Pará State, through a research and analysis on public services of water supply and sanitation. At the end of the study, a set of proposals to resolve the problems observed in each sector was suggested.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e qualidade dos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário na área insular do município de Belém - PA: Ilha de Caratateua
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) FERREIRA, Carlos Augusto da Cruz; BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1253955182585852
This paper aims to discuss and analyze the conditions of service provision of water supply and sanitation on the island of Caratateua, isolated area of the city of Belém, Pará State, Brazil. It presents as an object of study to evaluation the distribution and quality of those services on that island. The study area corresponds to two neighborhoods at Caratateua island: Brasília e São João de Outeiro. The neighborhoods are adjacent, located in the western portion of the island and are part of it urban area. It boundaries were defined by the Prefeitura Municipal de Belém. Caratateua island is one of the most important islands that make up the Distrito Administrativo de Outeiro – DAOUT and became more intensely occupied after construction of the bridge Éneas Martins Pinheiro in 1986, which facilitated access, especially of the poor in the search space, particularly for housing. The island also has an intense population dynamics on weekends and school vacation, periods when the flow of people increases considerably, especially on the beaches. The time frame of the research has the year 1986 as the starting point of reference. The dynamic organization of space in the island in general, was not accompanied by public politics consistent with the process of population growth and dynamism displayed by the same, thereafter. As a result, neighborhoods Brasília and São João de Outeiro have a deficit in terms of infrastructure and equipment for collective use urban services including water supply and adequate sanitation in homes. The research was based on literature review on the topic of water in ranges global, national and regional, as well as the trajectory of health policies in Brazil and metropolitan scale. The analyzes derived from field surveys, with data collected from questionnaires to heads of families, recorded interviews and meetings in neighborhood associations, demonstrate the dissatisfaction of residents in relation to the care of sanitation services in question, especially since they need to seek alternative ways to meet their daily needs. The pursuit of these alternatives gives rise to forms of union between the locals and have let them to clarification of their rights as citizens and the power they have to claim them before the local government.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Infra-estrutura de esgoto sanitário no município de Belém: cobrança por serviços de esgotamento sanitário nas bacias hidrográficas do Reduto e do Una
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-28) LIMA, Mara Líbia Viana de; LIMA, José Júlio Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5176390429456548
The payment for sewerage services in Brazil is generally assessed in terms of tarifs which are calculated over a proportion of water consumption, and employed to improve operation and maintenance services of collection and sewerage treatment, as well as a source of funds for the provision of that important infrastructure provision. The percentage of that proportion varies from company to company depending on the sewerage volume gerated after the water consumption is measured. Such criteria on the payment has been indirectly related over the degree of use done by each user, according with a percentage of water comsumption, which should correspond to the real contribution of sewerage to collecting networks. On the other hand, there is not a clear understanding of which factors interfere on the sewerge charging and how such factors can interfere on the assessment of charges for the use of sewerage, what brought into question its legitimacy, since not all water that was used returns to the environment as sewerage. The study on this dissertation aims at identifing which factors and how can interfere on the seewrage charging. In the study urban, technical and environmental indicators are used to analyse the reality of urban districts located on the urban basins of Reduto and Una in Belém, state of Pará in Brazil. For analysing those factors, data from the charging structure from the state company, related with the sewerage services, were associtated with urbanistic indicators adopted in the urban planning in Belem. The results sustain the role of influence of factors indentified in the study in the form of charging for sewerage , which are related with the contribution of sewerage, related with the contribution of the system for the treatment of water and charging for water consumption and not sustaining in terms of land use and intensity of occupation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plano diretor setorial do sistema de esgotamento sanitário: alternativas de concepção para a área de maior adensamento populacional do município de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) SILVA, Valdinei Mendes da; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
In this work are proposed conceptions to support the expansion planning of the collecting system, treatment and final disposal of sewer in Belém City, more specifically in the area which has the larger population density (1,143,946 inhabitants) and low Sanitary Sewer System (SSS) assistance rate. For that, actions in order to expand this infra-structure are necessary and it must occur in sustainable, efficient, planned and integrated ways. In the work are analyzed studies and projects already carried out on the planning area. Firstly, it was made a diagnostic of the SSS existent. Then it was elaborated the population projection on the period from 2005 to 2025 and calculated the sewer demand for the next 20 years. Finally, with these data, it was formulated the conception alternatives. The 6 (six) conception alternatives are based on SSS progressive decentralization showing variations concerning the number of Sewer Treatment Stations (STP), collection and transposition features of sanitary sewer among the sewerage system basins and the location of the STSs. The alternative 3 (three) was the best one because it presents sewer treatment closer to its source. The work intends to contribute towards taking decisions in order to expand the SSS in Belém City.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restrições à modernização e ampliação dos serviços de água e esgotamento sanitário: um estudo da eficiência na provisão dos serviços
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) BARBOSA, Raphael de Paiva; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579
This thesis analyzed the current structure of provision water treatment and sanitation services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, based on economical, physical and legal characteristics. The investigation focused on the disparities of the relative efficiencies of service providers in the coverage ratio. The technical and economical characteristics demonstrate need to adopt measures to regulate the sector's activities in order to increase the efficiency and quality of services offered. Otherwise, the regulatory framework changes give the indissociability of planning, regulation and service provision. Thus, the cooperation between the three levels of government as well as the possibility of the private sector participation, represents an important step forward in the effort to provide open access to basic sewage services in this country. The results of DEA models, shows that the supply of sewage services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, is limited by the poor performance of local providers. From this evidences, less than 1/3 of providers worked in a technically efficient level, both in 2001 as 2010. Consequently, the possibilities for improvements presented in benchmarking analysis proved that adopting productive Best Practices by companies with low efficiency would be possible to achieve significantly increases both quantitative units connected to sanitation network as the full length of water distribution and sewage collection mesh, from the same exploration expense index. In specific case of Sanitation Company of the State of Pará, this company shows beyond of lower efficiency in front of national average score, in both periods, the company presented inefficiencies in technical and scale conjunction. That is, besides of offering water and sewage services by general network below than its expenses, and lower financial return as desirable, the COSANPA worked in a range below the mean. From the comparative efficiency analysis of private enterprises and mixed economy societies with public administration, was noticed as light advantage than private companies in the provision of services, mainly influenced by the capacity of tax collecting and the general network sewer service. Precisely it is the service with a greater demand for investments. In the end, by relation the result of public companies efficiency with the rates of water supply and sewage collection by general network was showed that a direct relationship between the efficiency scores of the model and the access to sanitation services.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uso de geotêxtil para a desidratação de lodo da ETE Vila da Barca-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-15) SOUZA, Luciana Otoni de; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Checks the sludge dewatering performance of ETE Barca Village with use of geotextile. Sludge conditioning was done with the aid of chemical coagulant PAC (polyaluminium chloride - Polyvinyl aluminum- 10%) and the cationic flocculant polymer of the type FLONEX 4400 SH 0.1%, which allowed the formation of well-defined and larger flakes short stirring time interval approximately 9 jar test ". For the evaluation and selection of the ideal situation for dosages on conditioning were performed 25 trials with varying the concentrations of the raw sludge and polymer and PAC. Among the tests, which was stood the test 3, the second dosing with 95 mg / L and 8 mg polymer / L of PAC and concentration of sludge 24,106 mg / L. For these dosages showed a dewatering filtrate with satisfactory quality and the physical and chemical characteristics and a pie with high concentrations of ST and low moisture content. In the mass balance in the cake, it was possible to obtain the geotextile dewatering efficiency in the first 3 doses of the test results 3 with 90%, 91% and 91% showing good performance of geotextile. In the statistical analysis, the formation of two main components forming the set of all physical and chemical variables of 3 filtrates from the 3 trial demonstrated homogeneity, inter-relationship and similarity between them, because they can define with a high degree of significance the filtrate characteristics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Utilização do caroço de açaí como leito filtrante no tratamento de água de abastecimento e residuária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-04) COSTA, Letícia dos Santos; ALVES, Rui Guilherme Cavaleiro de Macedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1902384822911246
This research was to assess the implementation of the waste generated by pulping açaí for the production of an alternative coal for use as a filter bed in the treatment of water supply and wastewater process, giving added value and proper waste disposal. The study was conducted in 4 steps, first was done collecting and preparing the stones for further characterization of alternative coal, filter assembly and verification of water quality and sewage treatment. The experimental pilot system was composed of two columns of PVC pipe with a diameter of 100 mm, with alternate filter bed, one for the treatment water supply and the other for post-treatment of sewage, both with 1.0 m time. Was used only a single layer of the filter bed 30 cm in each alternate carbon filter which was fed with 5.0 L of raw water (AB), the input obtained from the Water Treatment Plant and 5.0 L treated sewage (ET) obtained at the output of the Vila da Barca sewage Treatment Plant. The physico-chemical analysis of water and sewage filtered by alternate coal were taken every 24 hours and 48 hours, observing the times of contact that showed better adsorption of the particles. Monitoring of filters with filter bed of lump calcined acai performed well, especially in the case of Suspended Solids retention with 23% efficiency in removing color with efficiency of 51% and Turbidity with efficiency 32% for water. Sewage treatment showed the alternate filter removal efficiency of 72% for ammonia nitrogen, 55% efficiency in removing organic matter represented by the COD and 48% removal efficiency of suspended solids. The review by hypothesis tests applied to assess the equivalence between the mean values of representative pairs of variables (24h and 48h) of physico-chemical parameters studied in alternative filtration for water and sewage showed equivalence between pairs of pH, Turbidity, hardness (mg-CaCO3 / L) hardness (mg- MgCO3 / L), TS and SS (relative to water filtration); Total phosphorus, ST, SD and SF (referring filtration of sewage). It was possible to state that there was considerable variation in the average of these variables between the contact times (24h and 48h) values. Also, it was possible to state that the contact time of 48 hours caused greater reductions in the concentrations of variables, Color (for water); Ammonia-N, COD and SS (sewage). The contact time of 48 hours was the most efficient alternative to filtration have gotten promote significant reductions in some variables.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Verificação da tratabilidade de água residuária oriunda de beneficiamento do açaí por processo físico-químico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-15) FEIO, Vanessa Farias; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
This work aims to study the wastewater treatability coming from açaí processing plant, trougth jar test assay to get the best conditions for the physical-chemical wastewater treatment. For this, two experimental steps was done:1) Quantitative and qualitative characterization of raw wastewater to elaborate flow hydrograph and hydric balance. 2) Assay coagulation/flocculation/oxidation on jar test using hydrated lime, tannin, sodium hypochlorite, polyaluminium cloride and polymer. In treatability test dosage was varied for each product and analyzed in the clarified effluent variables: pH, apparent color, turbidity and COD. It was also determined the treated effluent quality index and the qualitative characterization of effluent of the proposed treatment, beyond the physical characterization of the sludge. Furthermore, it was estimated monthly cost of chemicals products for proposed treatment. By the results for wastewater quantitative characterization were obtained flow of Qméd = 305 L/h; Qmax = 521 L/h and Qmin = 183 L/h and qesp. of 0.51 L/kg.d. To the water balance was found that weight of water used is 112.4 ton/d, generating 7.30 ton/d of wastewater, water in the pulp mass equal to 49.36 ton/d and water loss of 55.81 ton/d. For treatability tests the best result was obtained for the combination polyaluminium (18mg/L) and polymer (30 mg/l) at pH 8.0, resulting in apparent color removal 98.5%; 99.8% of turbidity and COD equal to 90% . In the physical characterization of sludge was found values: density of 1.002 and specific mass equal to 1001.8 kg/m³, moisture content of 98.9%, and the SV/ST equal to 73%. In the cost estimate with chemical products was obtained R$4,77/month, representing R$0,022/m³ of treated effluent. We conclude that this effluent treatment is viable for physical-chemical treatment process.