Navegando por Assunto "Fosfatos"

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Alterações hidrotermais associadas às rochas máfico-carbonatíticas do depósito de fosfato Serra da Capivara, região de Vila Mandi (PA), extremo sul do Cráton Amazônico.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-14) VIEIRA, Danilo Amaral Strauss; FERNANDES, Carlos Marcello Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9442875601862372
Near the border of the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, in the Amazonian Craton, about 90 km west of the Vila Mandi district, Santana do Araguaia (PA) city, there is an unprecedented volcano–plutonism named Santana mafic-carbonatitic Complex. It is formed by a lower maficultramafic member with plutono–volcanic and other volcaniclastic lithofacies; besides an upper carbonatitic member with plutonic, effusive, and volcaniclastic lithofacies originated in a volcanic caldera environment with large areas of hydrothermal alterations and genetically related circular structures. The severe Amazon weathering partially affected this cluster, producing the Serra da Capivara Phosphate deposit supergenically. Although speculative, the Santana mafic-carbonatitic Complex is Paleoproterozoic in age, because it invades the Paleoproterozoic volcano-plutonic sequences Cinco Estrelas and Vila Mandi formations (1980–1880 Ma) and it is capped by sedimentary rocks from the same Era. The lower maficultramafic member has lithofacies with slabs of pyroxenite, and minor isolated metric blocks of ijolite and apatitite. They are medium-grained ceylonite-bearing (MgAl2O4) pyroxenites with augite (~ 90% vol.), magnesio-riebeckite, and olivine crystals replaced by clay minerals (saponite). The ijolite is composed of clinopyroxene and nepheline phenocrysts immersed in a fine-grained groundmass with nepheline, calcite, and interstitial magnetite. Apatitite blocks are composed of medium-grained apatite grains (~ 98% vol.) and calcite. The volcanic rocks of this lithofacies comprise isolated metric blocks of alkali basalt and rare associated outcrops of finegrained apatitite. This basalt rock presents plagioclase-rich groundmass and acicular augite phenocrysts as essential mineralogy. Aphyric samples have primary spherules filled with calcite and quartz, besides interstitial pyrite, iron oxides, apatite, barite, rutile, celestine, and monazite. This textural feature suggests silicate and carbonatitic melts immiscibility process. An explosive to autoclastic mafic volcaniclastic lithofacies encompasses poor sorting deposits of massive polymictic breccia, lapilli-tuff, crystal-rich tuff, and ash tuff. The autoclastic rocks reveal volcaniclastic texture comprising centimetric angular clasts sourced from autofragmentation of the mafic-plutonic plutono–volcanic lithofacies. Epiclastic sedimentary volcanogenic deposits usually cover all previous lithofacies. The upper carbonatitic member reveals coarse-grained carbonatite (sövite) lithofacies comprising reddish-yellow sövite (calcite carbonatite) composed of subhedral to euhedral calcite (85–90% vol.), with variations to magnesium-ferriferous calcite and dolomite. Primary accessories are magnetite, hematite, potassic feldspar, and pyrite. These lithotypes show hydrothermalized medium- to fine-grained carbonatite veins. Rare coarse-grained apatitite bodies occur associated with this lithofacies, which represents part of the proto-ore. An effusive carbonatite (alvikite) lithofacies reveals finegrained calcite-rich (80–85% vol.) to porphyritic alvikite, besides hematite, magnetite, potassic feldspar, and pyrite. Fragment-rich explosive carbonatitic volcaniclastic lithofacies encompassing poor sorting and texturally variable massive crystal-rich tuff, lapilli-tuff, and massive polymictic breccia formed by angular clasts sourced from host rocks and the complex. Syenitic stocks and dikes invade these rocks. The main hydrothermal magmatic alteration of the complex is represented by hydrothermalized carbonatitic rocks of reddish, brownish, and yellowish colors. The mineral paragenesis found was barite + fluorapatite + dolomite ± quartz ± rutile ± chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± monazite ± magnetite ± hematite. This alteration occurs in three distinctive ways; 1) in the deeper zones, where the minerals found were barite, fluorine apatite, and dolomite in pervasive to fracture-controlled alteration associated with deep fine carbonatites. 2) In the sövite, of weak interstitial form with mineralogy similar to the deep alterations. 3) in the alvikite with intense interstitial changes and formation of hydrothermal quartz associated with barite, fluorapatite, dolomite, monazite, celestine, and rutile. The mineral assemblage of the deeper alterations suggests initially sulphate-rich, magnesium, phosphorus, and CO2 fluids with possible transitional source between the late magmatic and the hydrothermal stages. In transition to more superficial phases of the volcanism, there was an assimilation of SiO2 from the country rocks evidenced by the formation of fine interstitial quartz crystals in alvikite. The interpreted environment of volcanic caldera occurs in the interception of regional NE-SW and NW-SE faults with up to 40 km of extension and that served as deep conduit of the precursor magma of the complex. The root of the system is represented by maficultramafic rocks and plutonic carbonatites. The pre-caldera phase involved intense degasification and hydrothermal activities as a function of magmatic evolution, and ascending by lithic faults and placing on the surface of large volume of carbonate lava (alvikites) that built the extinct volcanic building. The collapse of this structure and the topographic landslide coincided with explosive volcanism and formation of the volcanoclastic lithotypes, representing the intra-caldera filling. The late syenites may represent the post-caldera phase and sealing of these structures. The hydrothermal paragenesis identified in the Santana maficcarbonatitic Complex shows important metallogenetic potential for rare earth elements and phosphate and represents a prospective guide on Proterozoic terrains of the Amazonian Craton, like other areas of the planet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The ceramic artifacts in archaeological black earth (terra preta) from lower Amazon region, Brazil: Mineralogy
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2004) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; KERN, Dirse Clara; PINTO, Alice Helena Eleotério; SOUZA, Jorge Raimundo da Trindade
Several archaeological black earth (ABE) sites occur in the Amazon region. They contain fragments of ceramic artifacts, which are very important for the archaeological purpose. In order to improve the archaeological study in the region we carried out a detailed mineralogical and chemical study of the fragments of ceramic artifacts found in the two ABE sites of Cachoeira-Porteira, in the Lower Amazon Region. Their ceramics comprise the following tempers: cauixi, cariapé, sand, sand +feldspars, crushed ceramic and so on and are composed of quartz, clay equivalent material (mainly burned kaolinite), feldspars, hematite, goethite, maghemite, phosphates, anatase, and minerals of Mn and Ba. Cauixi and cariapé, siliceous organic compounds, were found too. The mineralogical composition and the morphology of their grains indicate a saprolite (clayey material rich on quartz) derived from fine-grained felsic igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks as source material for ceramic artifacts, where silica-rich components such cauixi, cariapé and/or sand (feldspar and rock fragments) were intentionally added to them. The high content of (Al,Fe)-phosphates, amorphous to low crystalline, must be product of the contact between the clayey matrix of pottery wall and the hot aqueous solution formed during the daily cooking of animal foods (main source of phosphor). The phosphate crystallization took place during the discharge of the potteries put together with waste of organic material from animal and vegetal origin, and leaving to the formation of the ABE-soil profile.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo físico-químico de hidróxi-fosfatos e minerais associados ocorrentes na Chapada de Pirocaua (MA) e no Morro de Jandiá (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1982-12-29) REYMÃO, Maria de Fátima Fernandes; LIMA, Waterloo Napoleão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1229104235556506
A lateritic profile rich in alumino-calcic and aluminum hidroxi-phosphates (Pírocaua, MA), and another also rich in alumino-oaloio and containning iron and calcium hidroxi-phosphates (Jandiá, PA) has been investigated in order to elucidate the formation of the secondary minerals and the trace element behaviour during tropical weathering. For such purposes it was decided to use X-ray diffratometry and chemical analysis and it was pointed out the applicability of infrared absorption spectroscopy: and differential thermal analysis for the mineral characterization. In order to relate the geochemical alterations it was included a theoretical thermodynamic study. lnfrared absorption spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis have been demonstrated to be valuables methods for studying minerals. Results are presented which demonstrate the usefullness of these techniques. These studies show that it is now possible to correlate differential hermal analysis and infrared data with that from other techniques (chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction patterns) and that the methods yields valuable supplemental information. Theoretical calculations and the use of thermodynamic data (standard free energie and solubility products) reveal some important conclusions about chemical equilibria, mineral formation, solubility and stability relations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fontes fosfáticas: diferenciação por espectroscopia IV e reciclagem por precipitação de estruvita a partir de solução aquosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-04) SOUSA, Paulo Victor Campos; PAZ, Simone Patrícia Aranha da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5376678084716817; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-7638
Phosphorus is an element with multiple functions in view of the maintenance of life. Its main attributions are related to its role as a nutriente, in which it acts in organisms as a structural component of molecules and in the production of energy. Due to these assignments, the element is fundamentally required within the food chain, being essential in the development of plants, and therefore, highly demanded in the primary sector of the economy. Due to its high reactivity with oxygen, phosphorus is found in the earth's crust in the ionic form of orthophosphate 􁈺PO􀬸 􀬷􀬿􁈻, distributed as phosphate minerals that form the rocks, main sources for the production of phosphorus fertilizers. As it is a finite natural resource with increasing and accelerated consumption, their reserves tend to a pressing shortage. Because of this, there is an increasing search for innovation and optimization of secondary production processes (phosphorus recycling), as well as smart strategies for using primary sources. In this context, this work sought to expand studies on Amazonian phosphates with regard to characterizationdifferentiation, and yet, to propose an optimization in the recycling of phosphorus by struvite precipitation from aqueous solution. To achieve the first objective, phosphates from three different geological origins (igneous, weathering and biogenetics), in the Amazon region, were differentiated by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR). The measurements were carried out in the near and medium infrared regions by the methods of: transmission, diffuse reflectance (DRIFT) and total attenuated (ATR). In addition, complementary analyzes of X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence were also performed. The results revealed that the transmission and DRIFT methods are the most appropriate and it is recommended to use them, when possible, together. The characteristic PO4 bands were observed in all spectra in the ranges between 1200 – 984 cm-1 and 634 – 450 cm-1. The differentiation of the materials was given by the presence of bands: (CO3)2- in igneous phosphates, Al2OH in weathering phosphates and NH4 in the biogenetic origin. At the end, a spectral database for phosphates was established and spectral signatures were cataloged. To achieve the second objective, an optimization of the P recovery process from aqueous solutions through struvite synthesis was carried out, and for that, a sequential design of experiments methodology (DOE) was applied. A Plackett-Burman design followed by a Doehlert acted in the definition of the factors significantly influencing the struvite precipitation process and for optimization the response surface methodology was used in conjunction with the desirability function. The answers were: phosphorus recovery (usual chemical measure), diffractometric pattern and struvite decomposition enthalpy (physical measures not usual in this type of study, therefore an innovation). In addition, complementary analyzes of Xray fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, laser granulometry and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the products. The results allowed to define the best synthesis conditions: pH (10.2), N/P ratio (≥4) and initial phosphorus concentration (183.5 mg/L), with phosphorus recovery above 70% and formation of struvite and K-struvite. Finally, it can be said that advanced proposals related to chemical and structural characterization and process optimization concerning phosphates were established based on two methods: one analytical (IR spectroscopy) and the other physical-chemical (precipitation). Both research methodologies explained in this study contribute to the search for alternative solutions for the generation and use of phosphate resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fosfatos da região de Santa Luzia (nordeste do estado do Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1977) OLIVEIRA, Nilson Pinto de; SCHWAB, Roland Gottlieb
Four occurrences of aluminum phosphates in Santa Luzia, Pará State. Brazil were studied in terms of their field relations, mineralogy and trace element contents. Crandallite is the dominant phosphate and less frequently wavellite can be found. The phosphates occur in metamorphic pre-Cambrian rocks of the Gurupi Group and are essentially structurally controled. A disseminated level of crandallite at the basis of the metamorphic sequence, problably originated from the alteration of sedimentary apatite, is considered to be the source of phosphate which was dissolved by solutions flowing through it. These phosphorous-rich solution moved upward and precipitated phosphate-bearing minerals in the upper units of that metamorphic sequence. The occurrences have no economical value in the mapped area but the presence of a crandallite level with about 16 wt. % P2O5 leads to consider prospecting for phosphate in the neighboring areas to be attractive.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geologia, mineralogia e geoquímica dos fosfatos de Sapucaia (Bonito - PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-20) LEITE, Alessandro Sabá; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1639498384851302
The mineral deposit of Sapucaia, located in Bonito county, northeast of Pará state, is part of a set of occurrences of lateritic aluminum phosphates located predominantly along the coastal area of Pará and Maranhão states. These deposits were subjetc for study since the beginning of the last century, when the first descriptions of "phosphorous bauxites" were mentioned in the NW region in Maranhão. In the last decades, with the increase demand for fertilized products for agricultural world market, various mineral exploration projects were started or expanded their resources in Brazilian territory, among them there is the economic viability of deposits of aluminous phosphates, as Sapucaia, which will be the first project of economic mineral production and marketing of thermophosphates of Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the geology, mineral composition and geochemistry of lateritic aluminum phosphates profile of the Sapucaia hill. The macro-region inclued lands mostly dominated by Precambrian to Paleozoic rocks land, locally defined by Pirabas Formation, Barreiras Formation, latosoils and recent sediments. The morphology of the deposit is characterized by a discrete elongated hillock that offers smooth and continuous slopes at its edges, which become rare natural exposures of the laterite profile horizons. So, the methodology used to characterize the deposit was based on the program of geological research performed by “Fosfatar Mining”, hitherto owns their mineral rights, has provide two trenches and samples of 8 drill cores. Sampling was limited to the extent of lithological lateritic profile, with the selection of 44 samples at intervals of 1m, and underwent a course of preparation and laboratory analysis. According with the other occurrences of the Gurupi region, the phosphates of Sapucaia contains an individualized horizon, called simply aluminum phosphates or aluminophosphatic crust, which varies texturally to massive horizon, cavernous, porous microporous, which to the top transitions to phosphate ferroalumino crust, “leopard skin”, cavernous, composed of nodules of hematite and / or goethite cemented by aluminum phosphates, with similar characteristics to the underlying phosphate horizon. The aluminophosphatic crust to the base of the profile transition to a thick horizon kaolinitic clay with sand layers, which rests on weathered heterolithic fine-grained sediments, sericite clay aspect, sometimes interspersed with sandy horizons, and have no apparent correlation with other rocks outcrop in the region. Approximately 40% of the surface of the hill is covered by colluvium composed of mineralized fragments of the crust and sandy sediment from Barreira Formation. In the crust, the aluminum phosphates are predominantly represented by the subgroup of crandallite: i) Crandallite-goyazite (average 57.3%); ii) woodhouseite-svanbergite (average 15.8%); and iii) wardite-millisite (average 5.1%). Associated with phosphates are: hematite, goethite, quartz, kaolinite, muscovite and anatase, with volumes that vary according to the corresponding laterite horizon. As the heavy minerals in the accessory level are zircon, staurolite, tourmaline, anatase, andalusite and sillimanite. The horizon of phosphates and iron phosphate crusts shows be clearly rich in P2O5, and Fe2O3, CaO, Na2O, SrO, SO3, Th, Ta and LREE such as La and Ce relative to the horizon saprolite. The contents of SiO2 are pretty high, but much lower than those identified in lower clay horizon. In profile as a whole, there is an inverse correlation between SiO2 and Al2O3, between Al2O3 and Fe2O3, and positive between SiO2 and Fe2O3, which confirms the nature of the lateritic profile. Different from what is expected by bauxitic laterites, the content of P2O5, CaO, Na2O, SrO and SO3 have a elevated concentration, considered typical of phosphate deposits of aluminum rich in crandallite-goyazite and woodhouseite-svanbergite. The succession of horizons, the mineralogical composition and geochemical patterns allow correlating the deposit with other aluminum phosphates presents in the region, more specifically Jandiá (Pará) and Trauíra (Maranhão), as well as others located beyond the Brazilian territory, thus indicating that the aluminum phosphates of Sapucaia are the genesis of a lateritic mature and a complete profile, products whose source rock may be related to mineralized rocks in phosphorus, such as those observed in Pimenteiras Formation, partially outcropping on the edge of the Parnaíba Basin. Possibly, the current ore body was integrated of Pirabas paleocost sea, since drill holes on the side of the body, made clear the relationship of lateral contact between these units.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geologia, mineralogia, geoquímica e gênese dos fosfatos de Jandiá, Cansa Perna, Itacupim no Pará e Pirocaua e Trauira no Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1980-05-13) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; SÁ, José Haroldo da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9442263243312377
The phosphate occurrences of Northeastern Pará and Northwestern Maranhão were formed by strong lateritic weathering of phosphorus-rich Precambrian rocks. The rock formation affected by those processes were phyllites and schists of the Gurupi Group in Cansa Perna and Pirocaua, a complex of felsic to mafic and ultramafic rocks metamorphosed in the greenschist facies in Itacupim and Trauira and probably phosphoritic "sandstone" in Jandiá. The lithologic sequente observed (A=horizon: ferric oxide-hydroxide and ferric and aluminium phosphate; B=horizon: aluminium phosphate; C=horizon: kaolinite) is generally comparable with that of bauxite deposits, especial.ly those of the Amazon region which were also developed, like the phosphate deposits, during the Tertiary. The mineralogy of the phosphates consists of crandalite-goyazite, wavellite, augelite, mineral-A and wardite-millisite (these are particularly abundant in the "B" horizon); dufrenite, mitridatite, beraunite, mineral-B, lazulite and ferric oxide-hidroxide (in the "A" horizon), apatite (in the bedrock of Itacupim). Dravite, gibbsite and other oxides were also found. These secondary mineral associations are common to all deposits and show only slight variations related to the bedrock. The geochemistry of these deposits is unusual and differs from that of normal bauxites. In particular high concentrations of. Sr, Rb, Ba, Ce, La, Nd, Zr and Nb are observed in the "B" horizon, some of these elements are found in the crandalite goyazite series in which the Sr0-content can be as high as 7%. The geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of these deposits are similar to the secondary phosphate occurrences of Florida, Utah, and Tennessee CUSPA and also to these of Senegal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogy and chemistry of archaeological ceramic fragments from archaeological Dark Earth site in Colombian Amazon
(2011-03) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; RIOS, Heli Gaspar Morcote; SILVA, Mônia Maria Carvalho da; SILVA, Glayce Jholy Souza da; MOLANO-VALDES, Uliana
Several Archaeological Dark Earth (ADE) sites have been already found in the Colombian Amazon forest showing high content of archaeological ceramic fragments similarly to those in the Brazilian Amazon represented by Quebrada Tacana site. Their fragments are yellow to grey colour, display a burned clayey matrix which involves fragments of cariapé and coal and ash particles, besides grains of quartz and micas. The clay matrix is made of metakaolinite, quartz, and some mica flakes, chlorite and sepiolite. Cariapé and cauixi spicules are constituted of cristobalite, which is also the main mineral component of the coal and ashes. Although not detected by X-ray diffraction, the phosphate minerals should be present, since the contents of phosphor reach up to 2.90 Wt.% P2O5. Possibly it occurs as aluminium-phosphate, since Ca contents fall below 0.1 Wt.%. These mineralogical and chemical characteristics allow to correlate these ceramic fragments with those found in the ADE in Brazil and reinforce phosphor as an important chemical component, which indicates human activity by the daily use of pottery all over the Amazon region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nutrient and phytoplankton biomass in the Amazon River shelf waters
(2008-12) SANTOS, Maria de Lourdes Souza; MUNIZ, Kátia; BARROS NETO, Benício de; ARAUJO, Moacyr Cunha
The Amazon River estuary is notable at the Amazon Continental Shelf, where the presence of the large amount of water originating from the Amazon during the river's falling discharge period was made evident by the low salinity values and high nutrient levels. Even so, the presence of oceanic waters in the shelf area was significant. Dissolved organic nitrogen was the predominant species of the nitrogen cycle phases, followed by total particulate nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium and nitrite. The chlorophyll a data in the eutrophic area indicated that there is sufficient nitrogen in the area to withstand productivity, though dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal processes are faster than regeneration or mineralization. The anomalous amounts of inorganic dissolved nitrogen showed more removal than addition. The simulations with the bidimensional MAAC-2D model confirmed that high nutrient waters are displaced northwest-ward (two cores at 2.5ºN-50ºW and 4ºN-51ºW) by the stronger NBC during falling river discharge. During high river flow period these nutrient-rich lenses are distributed around 0.5ºN-48.5ºW as well as along the shallow Amazonian shelf (20m-50m depth, 1ºN-3.5ºN), as a result of the spreading of Amazon freshwater outflow.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O padrão de distribuição de elementos principais e traços nas lateritas fosfatadas da Chapada de Pirocaua (MA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1982-05-27) SIQUEIRA, Natalino Valente Moreira de; LIMA, Waterloo Napoleão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1229104235556506
The phosphate e laterite of Piracaua (state of Maranhão) was studied with basis on several lines of evidence, namely, structure of the deposit, mineral distribuition, variations in chemical composition and chemistry of ground waters in the region. The distribuition of elements during the formation of the deposit is interpreted and the conditioning factors analysed. The Pirocaua hill occurs on the coast in the northwestern part of Maranhão state, near the mouth of the river Maracaçume. The hill is 105 m high and the phosphate occurs near the top, and it was possible-to study across section of about 50 m. Five horizons were defined, in the order towards the topgparent rockm which was not' reached, but is probably phyllite of the Gurupi group; transition horizon, with partially.a1tered phyllite; kaolinite horizon; phosphate horizon; and iron riohcrust. The phosphate horizon has an average thickness of 5 to 6 m and contains mostly augelite and smaller amounts of crandallite-goyazite; these are also small amounts of variscite, wavellite and senegalite. Our results show that fluctuations of the hydrostatic level were important during the Formation of the phosphate horizon. When the deposit was formed there was also a decrease of the activity of the silicic acid and a parallel increase of acidity towards the top of the cross-section studied. In these conditions, Fe2+ migrated towards the top of the deposit and was precipitated as Fe3+ in the oxidizing zone. Migration of phosphate was in part due to its affinits to play minerals, in which mechanism ground water played asmajor role. The distribuition of several elements (Fe, P, A1, Si, Ti, Ca, Sr, Mg, Mn, Na, K, B, Mo, Ga, Cu, Ni, V e Cr] shows that: The increase in iron contents from the lowermost horizon to the iron-rich top is related to the increase in the contents of hematite and goethite, similarly, high contents of A1 and P are related to the occurence of Al-and Al-Ca-phosphate. Si contents show little variation in the laterite zone and phosphate horizon; as can be expected, its values are much higher in the kaolioite horizon. Ti shows only a smell variation in the erase section and is found mostly in anatose. Ca and Sr are found mostly in the phosphates, particularly ovandallite-goyazite. Mg, Na and K ware ale strongly bleached during the process. B is obviously associated with tourmaline (dravite). While Mn and Mo show only little variation, the highest concentrations of Ga,V and Cr are fund in the phosphate horizon and iron - rich crust. Cu end Ni show a similar distribuition and their behaviour is probably influenced by their chemical similarity to Mg. Mass balance Calculations indicate that of the parent-rock is a phyllite, it is neeessary an extreme enrichement in P and Sr to give the composition of the phosphate horizon. With basis on these observetions we conclude that: 1) the parent-rock must have contents of P and Sr higher than the average for phyllites; or 2) the phosphate has some other source; We support therefore that drill-holes be made in order to collect samples of the metassediments beneath the deposit to determine the concentrations of the two elements in these rocks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A turquesa de Itacupim, Pará
(2004-12) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; CHOQUE FERNANDEZ, Oscar Jesus; TOLEDO, Maria Cristina Mota de; PASSOS, Camila Maria; PEREIRA, Patrícia Freitas
Veins and veinlets of aluminum phosphates with turquoise occur at the Itacupim Island in the coastal plain northeast the state of Pará. A thick mature lateritic iron crust rich in aluminum phosphates developed an apatite-bearing alkaline-ultramafic complex which constitutes the Island. The veins and veinlets are cm-thick, usually constituted by wavellite, fibrous to radialfibrous, with bony or porcelaneous aspect, and can turquoise. Pebbles of these phosphates inside of apatite-bearing ultramafic rocks are very common at the base of the hang wall, and locally form expressive agglomerates. Turquoise forms half spheroids and is bluish-green, microcrystalline, and is intergrown with kaolinite and Mn oxy-hydroxides. The mineral identification was carried out by XRD optic microscopy, chemical analyses by wet methods and by SEM/EDS. The lower CuO values, in comparison to turquoise elsewhere, are compensated by the higher Fe2O3 and ZnO. The spheroids display countless inclusions of micrometric goyazite or svanbergite. The turquoise relation to veins and veinlets with wavellite, goyazite or svanbergite, quartz and clay minerals, its porcelaneous aspect and well-known occurrence of turquoise in hydrothermal environment indicate that the Itacupim turquoise was formed by the same mechanism. It doesn't display any clear relationship to laterite profile. The color and compact aspect of this turquoise make it suitable for use as gems.