Navegando por Assunto "Fronteira"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Amazônia no século 21: novas formas de desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-12) LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky
This paper focuses on the following question: is it viable to think of another form of an alternative development for the brazilian Amazon - in relation to the hegemonic way - under which the region inhabitants and nature are not excessively exploited, nature better conserved and social conflicts reduced? As an answer, the study seeks to analyze the viability of constructing a fairer and more dignified life for all, based on parameters of different developments, and therefore alternatives in relation to the parameters defined and imposed by the hegemonic model currently practiced by the western world, which has demonstrated to be indifferent to the innumerous mistakes and evils that spread along countries and peripheral regions. This is not about denying the existence of a globalization process underway and its impacts, especially those on the peripheral regions; but to believe that despite it, it is possible to concurrently develop positive and very significant changes in favor of the region and its people, as long as there is a mobilization of the many internal forces and the Amazon available resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arranjos, lei e consolidação do império: aplicação da lei das terras e apropriação das fazendas nacionais do Rio Branco (1830-1880)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-18) SANTOS, Maria José dos; FONTES, Edilza Joana Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9447513031256372
This thesis investigated the process of application of the Law no. 601 of 1850, known as the Land Law in the Province of Amazonas and its developments on the border of Rio Branco. It was sought to understand the social, political and economic constitution of the subjects that formed the group of landlords from the creation of the Fazenda Reais and private farms, analyzing, afterwards, the creation of the Upper Amazon Region, setting up tents and the expansion process of farms after the extinction of the Sesmarias Law. Historically, the region of Rio Branco has undergone intense territorial and political processes of disputes that threatened Portuguese domination and, successively, the consolidation of the Brazilian Empire on that frontier. The 1830s and 1870s were marked by the attempt of land grabbing by the United Kingdom, known as the Pirara conflict in Rio Branco, and by the pressure of the United States of America that demanded Brazil to open up for navigation and trade on the Amazon River. All these factors made the Brazilian Empire expend different dimensions for other regions, more flexible with military and other people, maintaining them as allies to defend, colonize and consolidate the empire at the border of Rio Branco. In this context, the lands of the national farms, which belonged to the State, were gradually incorporated into the private patrimony of the military and exiled, as well as lands considered vacant, which were also public patrimony. The Land Law was not enforced, since, according to it, the only form of access to land was the purchase, but it was used politically by the Empire to secure the support of the local landlord class. This process lasted until the 1870s, when this relationship began to have another dimension, much more rigorous, less attached to the local elite and disposed of more charges, especially on the part of the Treasury over the appropriation of assets belonging to the Treasury as the lands of the national farms of the Rio Branco, clear indications that the Brazilian Empire in the borders of the Amazon finally recognized itself consolidated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descolonizando a cartografia histórica amazônica: representações, fronteiras étnicas e processos de territorialização na Capitania do Pará, Século XVIII
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) CARDOSO, Alanna Souto; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The spaces, territories and territorialities of present-day indigenous peoples of Brazil and of Amazonia has been much researched, especially by anthropology, sociology and geography, but little has been invested in a framework of an (ethno)historic cartography that maps the space of the past of these peoples from a plural perspective and with a dialectic that is in dialogue with time, therefore the tridimensional spatial formation, the space conceived (of representations of space), the space perceived (of spatial practices) and the space lived (the space of representations) with respect to the territories and territorialities that were experienced by these peoples in certain phrases of processes of colonial territorialization through which they had passed, and currently, many disintegrated not only through invaded lands, but also dispersed in the memory of contemporary indigenous peoples, especiallymas “emergent” and resistant communities of caboclo riverside peoples of the Lower Tapajós that since the end of the 1990s have reclaimed their indigenous identities, urging the necessity of a “return trip” in the direction of an ethnohistoric cartography of indigenous peoples of the Colonial Amazon through an interdisciplinary and decolonizing methodology of references, documentation, maps, colonial censuses and travel diaries which anchor the current analysis in the first moment to problematize the indigenous representations portrayed in cartography in the era of conquest and in the maps of inhabitants; still debating the ethno-racial question in the labor market through these spatial practices of of Pombaline management envisaged in the colonial censuses; and in the second part of the thesis inward towards lived territory, on the ethnic borders and in the first two phases of processes of territorialization of the colonial Tapajós valley during the 18th century, indeed shining a light on the historical situations that antecede this century, as well as connections with the present time made at the end of that “trip.”
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diálogos com a metrópole: um estudo antropológico sobre moradores da ilha do Maracujá em relação de proximidade com Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-01-31) BASSALO, Terezinha de Fátima Ribeiro; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101
This thesis shows the results of an ethnographical research did with the locals of the Maracujá island, focusing on their proximity to Belém City and having as locus an area that begins in the Açaí Port, located in the Jurunas District in Belem and goes up to the Maracujá island, enphasizing in this relation aspects concerning the daily movement between the banks. The approach of the research develops the notions of flow and border, pointing out also the fixity in the home place. Both, fixity and movement are embodied in everyday life, observed in the corporality that mediates the dialogue- while complex game - between the banks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre a fronteira e o limiar: o autor e o narrador em scenas da vida Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09) SILVA, Aline Costa da
The history of literature was marked by the selection of certain works and authors for the composition of the canon. Others remain on the sidelines, recovered, however, by the reader that who updates and discusses it. Scenas da Vida Amazônica is one of these works, whose reception not only retakes it, but also raises issues about the constitution of the work, which is understood both as an ethnographic text and as a literary one. Based on the first edition of the work (1886), this article aims to discuss the statute that stablishes it, following the theoretical constructs of Walter Benjamim (1994) about the idea of threshold and its relation with fictionality and associating it to the thought of Wolf Schimid (2010) that regards event as an essential condition of narrativity. Furthermore, it considers the studies of Harold Bloom (1995), Gérard Genette (2008), Wolfgang Iser (1983) and Josefine Ludmer (2007). As a result, threshold is understood as the narrator’s point of excellence and as an indelible mark of fiction, which constitutes and afirms itself from a certain event. Within the narratives and descriptions, among the chapters and beyond, relating literature to other productions of José Veríssimo, Scenas da Vida Amazônica is a work circumscribed by passages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expansion strategies and capitalist development on the frontier of Pará: an analysisof the 1966 “Operation Amazon”
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2020) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
Between1966 and 1979, in an atmosphere of conflict, the frontier in thestate of Paráwas opened, through majoragricultural and developmental projects that were benefited by the institutionalization of “Operation Amazon”. The centralobjective of the article isto investigate the dynamics of the penetration, occupation and advance of capital in and around the territory of the frontiersinPará, the basis of which, as from the 1960s, was “Operation Amazon”. Thischoice of theme was madepossible in that there wasanapparent need to demonstrate the dynamics of expanding the frontier on capitalist bases. From a methodological viewpoint, the research was developed using a deductive approach, sinceit seeks to understand the historical foundations of the dynamics thatestablished and expanded the frontier in Pará on capitalist bases; and, also, the inductive method,because it was considered essential to understand the particular, yetpredominant,role of “Operation Amazon” within the context of capital development. In addition, the present work will make use of exploratory analysis and seek as much information as possible using the qualitative research technique.“Operation Amazon” demonstrated that the frontier is also a social relation of production, precisely because the structure of this society under construction -in a social, cultural and, particularly, economic perspective -across the territory in which it is expanding, despite suffering some resistance, is dominated by the logic of capital accumulation, as seen in the contemporary Brazilian Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Experiência geracional e identidade de fronteira: representações sociais sobre o rural amazônico
(Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017-08) CASTRO, Fábio Fonseca de
The article reflects on the conformation of the world view of a group of young people from a city in the southeast of Pará, Parauapebas, about the experience of living on an Amazonian border. The visions of common sense – on the one hand the promise of wealth and development; on the other hand, the image of crisis and violence – are contrasted by the representations effectively constructed by these young people in their daily lives, forming a generational experience marked by the sensation of transience. The discussion is based on research about the social representations of a group of 38 students of a Communication- Journalism course. For the most part, these students were born outside the Amazon region and experienced the social situation identified by several authors as being marked by the conflicting and transient dynamics that characterize the social processes of occupation of the Amazonian territory – a situation that is often identified as an ontological void. We test this perception by contrasting it with the actual daily experience of young people. To do so, we collect their social representations of where they live, inquiring about how their perceptions of the world and the rural Amazon are mediated by the intersubjective and media tissues that make up the Amazonian "frontier" as a space condemning to the transition and to the eventuality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Frontiers and economic institutions in Brazil: an approach focused on the new institutional economics
(Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Planejamento Urbano e Regional, 2017-04) CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The present article seeks to discuss the meaning (s) of frontiers in Brazil and the role of institutions in the process of economic development through the new institutional economics. Any pattern of collective behavior characterizes an institution, and as such determines the “rules of the game”. The frontier represents a socio-economic relationship of production because the structure of society in building a frontier is dominated (in)directly by capital. In Brazil, the movement to occupy land on the frontier does not usually occur through contingent smallholders, but rather through a mixture of different social segments, such as: migrants, “landless” males, farmers and entrepreneurs, all seeking land to occupy, to produce and to speculate. The main conclusion is that a developed institutional system may help to promote economic development by structuring the surrounding environment and stimulating the process of cooperation, innovation and learning in the frontier regions of Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A gestão do Programa Municípios Verdes no combate ao desmatamento em Óbidos-PA: elaboração de diretrizes para o fortalecimento do Núcleo Executor do Programa Municípios Verdes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08-20) AIRES, Alana Paula de Araujo; LOPES, Luís Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1089731342748216
Natural resources need planning and use of local public policies to manage these resources. However, economic growth in frontier regions such as the municipality of study remains a challenge in the face of these policies. The dissertation aims to investigate the management of the Green Municipalities Program (PMV) as a state public policy. This will be accomplished through the historical and theoretical discussion of the causes responsible for deforestation in the state of Pará as a consequence of the border expansion in the municipality of Óbidos-PA; demonstration of PMV performance in command and control of deforestation in the municipality of Óbidos-PA; investigation of the main institutional environmental management mechanisms of the PMV Executing Center (NEPMV) in the fight against deforestation in Óbidos-PA. And finally, the research product will be elaborated according to the results achieved, which will be the elaboration of guidelines for the strengthening of NEPMV. The product will be presented to the Integrated Environmental Monitoring Center (CIMAM) in Belém-PA and to the Óbidos-PA Environment Secretariat as the final research product. The guiding question of the research is to analyze if the policy of green municipalities is efficient. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the PMV policy is broad and extended to all who have committed themselves to the local pact, and is therefore efficient. From the methodological point of view, the article will seek as much information as possible on the subject, using the qualitative, exploratory research technique and the deductive method. Information on the subject is expanded through books, journal articles and other pertinent references to the subject. In addition, meetings were held with the NEPMV coordinator at CIMAM on PMV Management to build a set of guidelines to strengthen the Green Cities Policy Executing Nucleus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Grandes projetos e a relação com os recursos naturais na fronteira amazônica: os acordos de pesca como instrumentos moderadores de conflitos em Limoeiro do Ajuru
(Instituto Histórico e Geográfico do Pará, 2021-06) RODRIGUES, Suzi Carolina Moraes; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; SILVA, Fernanda Kelly Valente da
Since the 1960s, the Brazilian Amazon has suffered from several territorial transformations, an immediate result of the process of institutional integration and federalization by the military regime. The impacts caused by this development model, based on large enterprises, fell upon the social environment, directly affecting local populations and traditional peoples, as well as on the environment, by causing a series of irretrievable damage to the region's natural resources. The implementation and operation of these large projects on the frontier of the Brazilian Amazon, however, began to present a territorial dynamic marked by intense conflicts, particularly in the state of Pará. Fishing resources make up a considerable part of natural resources, which were considerably impaired by the large mining and hydroelectric projects, causing pollution of the water bodies, the silting of rivers and a decrease in fishing stocks, considered the main food-economic source of these traditional communities. It is in this perspective that the fisheries agreements emerged, acting as empowering instruments for the fishing communities and conflict moderators in the fishing territories. The fundamental objective of this article, therefore, is to understand how fisheries agreements may act in moderating conflicts over fishing resources, resulting from the implementation of large enterprises, seeking to assess the repercussions of this in the municipality of Limoeiro do Ajuru in the state of Pará. The main conclusion is that the fisheries agreements are capable of acting in the governance of the territory by strengthening a series of actions within the scope of sustainable management of fishing resources and local development in its social, economic and environmental aspects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Olhares fronteiriços a partir de estudos da fronteira na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06) POJO, Eliana Campos
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“País selvagem”: os Mebêngôkre-Irã Amrayré e a fronteira Araguaia na segunda metade do século XIX
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-14) SENA, Laécio Rocha de; HENRIQUE, Márcio Couto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9096024504515280
This thesis analyzes the relationship of the Irã amrayré (Mebêngôkre-Kayapó group) with the different agents of the indigenist policy of the second half of the 19th century, in the province of Goiás, which had as its objective the occupation and colonization of the valleys of the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers, with a view to occupying its banks and building a trade route connecting the north of the province to Belém, in Pará, above all through the Araguaia River. Based on the analysis of official documentation, travellers' reports, myths and Irã amrayré narratives, and in dialogue with the contemporary ethnography of the Mebêngôkre, I defend the thesis that the Irã amrayré were important historical agents in the construction of the Araguaia frontier, in the second half of the XIX century. This process, in turn, was experienced by them according to their culture, their historical experiences and their own interests. On the other hand, I also emphasize that the contact with the other (the kubẽ) brought about transformations among the Irã amrayré.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perda de cobertura florestal e políticas públicas em assentamentos de reforma agrária na Amazônia: análise do P.A Tuerê, Novo Repartimento, Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2023) FARIAS, Monique Helen Cravo Soares; CARVALHO, André Cutrim; SANTOS, Cleber Assis dos; SILVA, Christian Nunes da
From the point of view of history, the Pará Amazon, the territorial correspondent of the State of Pará, has been undergoing a series of major transformations, especially in its frontiers. In the past, this region was a priority target for colonization programs and for the establishment of rural settlements, whose main objective was to populate remote areas of the country as a kind of geopolitical strategy. At present, however, the intensive land use dynamics on the Frontier of Pará indicates a significant increase in deforestation in areas of rural settlements. In these circumstances, inserted in the region of the Arc of Deforestation, there is the municipality of Novo Repartimento, state of Pará, which has 32 rural settlement projects in a total area of 5,596.5 km2. Among them, there is the Tuerê Federal Settlement Project, created on August 4, 1987, the first project installed in Novo Repartimento. In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze, characterize and map the contribution of Tuerê Settlement Project to deforestation in Novo Repartimento, Pará, during the period from 1985 to 2020. The land cover classification derived from MAPBIOMAS was used to identify the deforested areas in Tuerê. The results are important to show the influence that the Agrarian Reform settlement projects have on the total deforestation of the municipality, evidenced from an increase of 1,448.73 km2 in deforested areas in 35 years in the Tuerê Settlement Project.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Povoações indígenas e roças do comum na fronteira entre o Pará e o Maranhão (1790- 1833)
(Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2021-06) SOUZA, Sueny Diana Oliveira de
This article intends to discuss the faces of the organization, agricultural production and conflicts occurred inside native settlements located near the Turiaçu river, on the border between Pará and Maranhão, and the motives and interests that led the governor of captain of Pará Francisco de Souza Coutinho to propose a new project of civilization of the indigenous populations that lived in the settlements and the measures taken since the publication of the Régia Charter enacted in 1798 that foresaw the self government of the indigenous populations and put an end to the spaces and goods by the Directory. As well as realizing the ramifications of the application of the Royal Charter at the beginning of the 19th that led to new ways and meanings to the native settlements and its common goods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A questão do desmatamento florestal no Pará: evidências empíricas centradas em econometria espacial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03) CARVALHO, André Cutrim; CARVALHO, David Ferreira; SERRA, Maurício Aguiar; SILVEIRA, José Maria Ferreira Jardim da
This article aims to theoretically investigate and discuss the main factors responsible for the dynamics of forest deforestation in Pará State, with a view to approach performed through spatial econometrics. The basic hypothesis of this study is that the expansion of the agricultural frontier is the conductive element of the phenomenon of deforestation in the state of Pará, and this advance of the agricultural frontier carries also other factors that are directly linked to the advance of capitalist economic progress, such as: cresimento economic (GDP), construction of roads, increase of cattle, concentrated land ownership, speculation about the price of land, rural credit institutions, governance mechanisms, among others. However, the main cause of deforestation activity in the state of Pará is the beef cattle under extensive. In this context, spatial econometrics will be an extremely important tool to measure, from the results obtained in the spatial econometric model, the effects that deforestation has caused forest in Pará, as well as the specificity of each. The period chosen for the econometric spatial analysis covers the years 2000 and 2008 due to the high rate of deforestation in state of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A Relação entre unidade de conservação e governança a partir da área fronteiriça entre Brasil e Bolívia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-27) SANTOS, Adria Macedo dos; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244
This thesis deals with environmental governance in protected areas and their surroundings, located in the Amazon context, more precisely in the border zone between Brazil and Bolivia. The investigation consists of looking for answers regarding how the social actors who participate directly or indirectly in PA, articulate and enable collective and specific actions, in order to positively impact the construction of governance in these areas, with a view to biodiversity conservation. The study starts from the hypothesis that, although the bases that establish an environmental governance process in the PAs are defined by the State, the participation of social actors is a determining condition for the preservation of its ecosystem. That said, it should be noted that the research aims to comparatively analyze the construction of environmental governance from the perspective of collective action in: ESEC Taiamã and Guajará-Mirim State Park (PEGM), in Brazil, and Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado (PNNKM), in Bolivia, to consider, mainly, what is done by various social actors with regard to the conservation of these units. For this, it was based on theoretical notions that address the concept and application of environmental governance, conservation units, sustainability and their connections with social participation. The methodological bases of this thesis are based on qualitative research, the corpus of the analysis was constituted based on primary data, bibliographical sources, field research, interviews and photographic records. The results reveal, in summary, that the participation and engagement of social actors in these PAs are crucial for the governance process and the protection of biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Território, territorialidade e fronteira: o problema dos limites municipais e seus desdobramentos em Belém/PA
(Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Urbana/ Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 2017-04) SILVA, Marlon Lima da; TOURINHO, Helena Lúcia Zagury
This paper discusses the problem of city limits of Belém to the concepts of territory and territoriality border. It shows that inaccuracies and inadequacies in the laws establishing the border limits of Belém with other cities have resulted in conflicts of maps, public management, beyond the division of occupations/housing, causing several problems to cities managers, and especially to residents of conflicting areas. By analyzing studies conducted by public authorities with the aim of redefining the limits, we reveal that such studies are incomplete and fail not to consider aspects concerning territoriality of the groups involved in the issue. Assuming that the definition of boundaries is much more than a matter of mapping technique, although this is important, argues that the proposition of new municipal limits should consider the concepts of territory and territoriality and border present the methodology developed by the paper’s authors whom are technicians of the City Development Company of Belém.