Navegando por Assunto "Mining"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto ambiental na área de influência das barragens de rejeito no município de Poconé-MT
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) FERREIRA, Lorrana Dias; SILVA, Adriano Frutuoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3321059172343690; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-8862
Due to tragic accidents related to the failure of tailings dams in Minas Gerais, the disposal of tailings in dams has become an increasingly urgent topic of discussion, especially in relation to the risks associated with this approach. Consequently, mining companies have sought to implement alternative methods for managing tailings resulting from their operations. However, in this direction, the work analyzes the level of the environmental impact in the area of influence of tailings dams in the municipality of Poconé – MT, identifying the major damages that can be caused by a tailings dam rupture. To this end, maps of environmental impacts on the selected dams were created, using the software QGIS, also known as Quantum GIS. The Kernel method was also used, which is an analytical approach that is frequently applied in the assessment of risks and environmental sensitivity in relation to mining tailings dams. The results of the research revealed that throughout the work it was possible to observe that the mining tailings dams existing in the municipal limit of Poconé/MT are defined as structures that promote a “very high” environmental impact, mainly in the urban area than if it occurs the rupture could affect legal preservation areas and the city's drainage system, thus impacting the life of the community in general. With the data obtained, it was possible to analyze the environmental impact of tailings dams on local communities, including the possible relocation of families, access to drinking water and the health of people living nearby. Therefore, the analysis of the environmental impact in the area of influence of tailings dams in Poconé, Mato Grosso, is a crucial part of the responsible management process of mining activities, as it can help develop strategies to mitigate these impacts and ensure the protection of the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O avesso das expectativas: exploração dos recursos naturais e exclusão em Moatize, Província de Tete, Moçambique (2000 a 2015)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-31) MATEUS, Estone Bento Mifolo; BEZARRE NETO, José Maia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7000143949499821
The advancement of modern capitalism imposes new ways of facing the global and competitive Market, resulting from the growth of the industry, which demands raw material incessantly to feed this industry in a continuous line of progress. On the path of this unbridled race for the acquisition of raw material, the African continent becomes once again, the stage on which the games of capitalism interests take place, usually accompanied by a noisy silence and the apathy that has characterized African government, from the point of view of supervision and lag of collective interests, Africa has been the preferred place. In this context, Mozambique did not escape the rule, because of the existing coal deposits in the coal basin of Moatize; there is a growing flow of large companies interested in the exploitation of mineral coal. Faced with this meeting between two completely different realities, on the one hand the multinationals with extensive experience in the exploitation of resources and, on the other a technical and, a State, whose institutions are weak and without a technical capacity necessary to supervise enterprises of such magnitude, allied to a population without experience in these situation, resulting in a clash of very different realities. The companies taking advantage of the weaknesses presented, exempt themselves from corporate social responsibility, on the other hand, the new rich equip the State for personal or group benefits, installing a permanent conflict between the local populations claiming their legitimate rights and the extractive companies eager for profits, applying for the effect “Machiavellian” principles, in which the ends justify the means. This process results in exclusion in its various typologies, from environmental exclusion, social and economic exclusion. The marked level of social exclusion refers to the thought that the project may not be socially fair or environmentally sustainable, because the Mozambican political economy is essentially extractive and generating exclusion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização mecânica e metalúrgica de parafusos da classe 10.9, utilizados na fixação da suspensão dianteira de veículos CAT793D, aplicando tratamento termoquímico de cementação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-31) RABELO JÚNIOR, Fábio Alves; CARDOSO FILHO, José Carlos de Araújo; QUARESMA, José Maria do Vale; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7443111804471290
When a structural component of a large piece of equipment fails, catastrophic consequences can occur, generating highly measurable economic losses, because a failure leads to an interruption of an entire production line and damage to the workflow, which can cause delays and increased maintenance costs, whether preventive or corrective. In addition, serious risk conditions affect the loss of life in cases of catastrophic accidents, where they are widely reported by the media and strongly influence an organization's conduct. The objective of this work is to carry out the mechanical and metallurgical characterization of screws of class 10.9, applying the Thermochemical Treatment of Cementation, evaluating the influence of this mechanical resistance. These components include the Caterpillar model 793D “Off-Highway” truck suspension system that carries heavy iron ore loads in the Ferro-Carajás complex, in the state of Pará. Thermo-chemical treatments and mechanical tests were carried out and Tensile Stress. Fractographic and Microstructural analyzes were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM, in addition to Optical Microscopy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunicação e resistência: meios e usos da comunicação por grupos sociais atingidos pelo desastre da Hydro Alunorte em Barcarena, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-10-28) SANTOS, Andressa Arielly de Souza; STEINBRENNER, Rosane Maria Albino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1508467019000744; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-7245
communication triggered by the social groups affected by the Hydro Alunorte disaster, in Barcarena, Pará, located in a historical context of environmental injustice (ACSERALD, 2001) that crosses the socio-environmental conflicts in the Amazon. What motivated our study was the fact that the media coverage of the environmental disaster, denounced by local communities and occurred in the beginning of 2018, involving the leakage of tailings from the Norwegian company Hydro Alunorte, leader in the global aluminum market, has achieved national repercussion. and international, but with little space for popular and local voices (STEINBRENNER, GUERREIRO NETO; BRAGANÇA; CASTRO, 2020). Thus, our intention, based on an exploratory study of a qualitative character (YIN, 2016), considering a period of 24 months from the occurrence of the disaster, was precisely to seek the other voices, usually and historically invisible, in order to understand, from the perspective of mediatization (HEPP, 2014), the communication processes and practices (FRANCE, 2016) for resistance (PERUZZO, 1998) that mark in this period the actions of the mobilized social groups, in what we call the field of communicative resistance, in reaction to the impacts caused by the disaster and in the defense of rights and their territories in the municipality of Barcarena, understood as mining "sacrifice zone" (CASTRO, 2019).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Deslocamento compulsório de agricultores familiares por empresas mineradoras: o caso do Projeto Onça Puma no Município de Ourilândia do Norte- Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-28) GUEDES, Lucilei Martins; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531
This study aims to analyze the environmental conflict between farmers and mining companies in the municipality of North Ourilândia Southeast of Pará. The conflict was triggered from the application of part of the area desafetação Settlement Project Campos Altos , for the purpose of installing a unit of extraction and processing of nickel laterite. The Canadian company Canico / Ounce Puma filed three applications for the INCRA desafetação an area of nearly 15.000 ha, impacting directly or indirectly more than 500 families. The central concern of the study was the analysis of conflict and negotiation process that was established between the mining company and the farmers resulting from requests for settlers desafetação. The methodology used was based on a qualitative approach using techniques such as literature search, analysis, documentation, semi-structured interviews with social actors involved and participating in meetings. The notions of environmental conflict were used for the analyzes of the central object of study. The study showed that the level of organization of families settled, with the support of civil society organizations, influenced the outcome of negotiations. Despite the progress achieved in the negotiation process, the achievement of agreements between mining company and settled families, depends on a constant mobilization of families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica da política de mineração em territórios indígenas nos governos da nova república
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-17) SIQUEIRA, Isabella Feitoza; CABRAL, Eugênia Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2195250873603926; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-1465
In 2020, the Brazilian Executive Branch introduced Bill (PL) 191/2020 to the National Congress, which was expedited under an emergency designation that same year. This legislative measure, designed to regulate mining activities within Indigenous Territories (ITs), was not the first government initiative on this issue, nor was it the first time that mining in ITs was discussed within the combined political agendas of the executive and legislative branches. Despite the lack of resolution on this political issue by 2023, it has been acknowledged by political authorities as a significant concern and has consistently been included on the agendas of the executive and legislative branches for the past 40 years, and more recently, of the judiciary. The issue has prompted numerous debates and conflicts over interests among parliamentarians most actively involved. Given the political and social significance of the topic, the principal aim of this study is to analyze the evolution and diversification of conflicts, strategies, and discourses related to indigenous mineral policy within the Legislative Branch since the enactment of the current Brazilian Federal Constitution. This research involved several stages of data review and categorization, focusing on legislative initiatives concerning the issue. The comprehensive dataset analyzed includes: 47 bills, 3 complementary bills, 2 provisional measures, 30 legislative decree projects, 1 constitutional amendment, and 167 parliamentary amendments from both the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. These initiatives were evaluated using the content analysis method as proposed by Bardin (1977). Additionally, the profiles of key political actors involved over time were scrutinized. The organization and analysis of the results employed the Advocacy Coalition Framework by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith (1994), enhanced by the methodological approaches and reflections of Capano (2009; 2012) and Kay (2006) for conducting dynamic analyses of public policies. The analysis identified two advocacy coalitions that have significantly influenced the agenda on mining in Indigenous Territories over time. The first coalition, advocating for the maximization of mineral extraction in Amerindian territories, comprises political actors financed by the mining and agribusiness sectors; they oppose the demarcation of Indigenous lands and support illegal mining. The second coalition contends that mineral exploitation in Indigenous lands should incorporate stringent social, environmental, and economic preservation measures. Ultimately, the ideas and interests of these advocacy coalitions, actions by the Executive Branch, the institutional framework of the National Mining Agency, and Brazil’s international image, have been pivotal in shaping the variations and stalemates of this decision-making agenda within the Legislative Power over time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gasto de recurso público e seu impacto no desenvolvimento territorial: o caso de Brumadinho
(CDRR Editors, 2020) PINHEIRO, Ailton Castro; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário
This article aims to analyze to what extent the form of budget resource expenditure impacts territorial development in a mineral-based municipality. The case chosen was the municipality of Brumadinho-MG. Data collection occurred through documentary and bibliographic research. This is a qualitative and exploratory research using the technique of content analysis to interpret the data. The main conclusions: the municipality does not take advantage of the potential short-term mining resource flow (royalties) to invest in development projects that diversify local productive structures, so it does not prioritize budget spending on economic activities with the highest potential for productive inclusion. population such as Cultural Tourism and Agriculture. In addition, it uses little resource in Environmental Management. Finally, the disaster that struck disrupted their municipal finances and impacted other alternative mining activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Grandes projetos e riscos socioambientais da mineração: a exploração (i)legal do ouro em Cachoeira do Piriá, PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-18) SOUSA, Áurea Maria da Costa; FARIAS, André Luís Assunção de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5310171409459863; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-4212
The large development projects in the Amazon are agents of transformation in these territories until the present moment. In the municipality of Cachoeira do Piriá, in the northeast of Pará, several projects such as mining and the construction of BR 316, boosted the formation of a critical area, in a disorderly occupation process, where illegal mining was structured as the main economic activity in the region and advancedaround the urban core and among vulnerable social groups, changing their territories and their quality of life. The problem of this study, therefore, is to understand how goldexploration produces socio-environmental risks in the territory of Cachoeira do Piriá- PA. This study brings a political ecology approach as a theoretical contribution and asmain authors Acselrad (2004), Martinez (2007) and Porto (2012). The research is a case study and has a qualitative nature with methodological procedures anchoredin bibliographic and documentary research, through access to secondary data and public websites. The field study carried out took place in gold exploration areas locatedin rural communities and in the urban core, and in relation to the use of geotechnologies, maps of land use, location and heat maps (Kernel) were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the territory presents systematic socio-environmental risks that are mainly concentrated among vulnerable social groups, among which peripheral communities, quilombolas, fishermen and family farmers. The disproportionality in the distribution of risks over the territory is characterized by high potential among social groups, with emphasis on security risk, water risk, pedologicalrisk, health risk, and risk to the way of life, which are intensified by the absence of actions from public power and the fragility of legislation aimed at gold mining. Finally, a booklet on the socio-environmental risks of mining was created as a research product, as an information instrument to contribute to knowledge and resistance among vulnerable social groups, as well as assisting public authorities in monitoring and managing socio-environmental risks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Interação CFD-DEM em fluidização: aplicação para o setor mineral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CASTELO BRANCO JÚNIOR, Alan Mota; VAZ, Jerson Rogério Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1623983294183975; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662
The particle fluidization process is widely used in the industry, mainly due to the high heat and mass transfer rates between the phases. The coupling between the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) has become attractive for the simulation of fluidization, because in this case the particles movement is analyzed in a more direct way than in other types of approaches. The main problem with the CFD-DEM coupling is the high demand for computational capacity in order to track the movement of all the particles in the system, what it leads to the use of some strategies to reduce the simulation time which in case of incorrect usage can prejudice the results. The present work deals with the application of the CFD-DEM coupling in the analysis of alumina fluidization, which is an important problem for the mineral sector. It were analyzed several parameters capable of influencing the results and the simulation time like the time steps, the drag models, the particle size distribution, the spring constant, the usage of representative particles bigger than the actual particles, etc. The DEM model used was the Linear Spring Dashpot model (LSD). All the simulations were carried out with the software ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 and the results obtained were compared with experimental data and the data available in the literature. These results allowed to verify the capability of the Linear Spring Dashpot Model for predicting the global behavior of alumina beds and reducing the simulation time, since the model parameters are defined adequately.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recomposição socioterritorial em contexto de mineração: Utopia e distopia do PAE Juruti Velho – Pará, Baixo Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-16) MIRANDA, Tania Nazarena de Oliveira; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1799861202638255
This work, from an informed perspective in the sociology of public action, challenges the complex relationships that took place between communities and the mining company Alcoa, from 2009, in Juruti Velho, district of Juruti (Baixo Amazonas). The research privileged observations about the Juruti Velho Agroextractivist Project, as an initiative inscribed in the developments in terms of the socio-territorial recomposition produced with the aluminum exploration venture, thus inaugurating, at the same time, a conflict arena involving traditional communities, publics agents, corporations, catholic Church and social movements, actors of different backgrounds and relevance. In this process, there are experiences of intense conflicts resulting from internal differences in the communities, somehow related to the presence of mining activities and interests in that territory. The data collected resulted from a methodological approach close to action research with involved riverside communities. Interviews, direct observations at meetings of the association to which 53 local communities are affiliated, as well as photographic records constitute the techniques by which the basis of data and information was built, in which it was identified as emblematic of the rupture of neighborhoods ties previously witnessed by the practice of puxiruns (group work aimed at completing a task more quickly). An important practice in a social recomposition of the territory, through local actions with which the communion of utopias was an agglutinating element. Thus, in Juruti Velho there will be an intense process of articulation and popular mobilization aiming at recognition as a traditional community and, through this recognition, the titling of their lands. As a result of this process, the management of royalties, paid as a counterpart to the bauxite mining rights, is now carried out by the communities in order to promote the sustainable development of the territory. It is through this management, here interpreted as territorial, and its dynamics in terms of utopias and dystopias, involving the representatives of the communities involved in the Juruti Velho Agroextractivist Project, as well as in the process of resignification of the puxiruns, which sought to understand the contradictory relations between the communities and the mining company, and in them what is projected as a future in relation to the territory, object in which, and around which, actors mobilize to reach a goal, in this case, the control of their management, according to with the demands of sustainable development. It is understood that the harnessing of royalties under the management of the Association of Riverside Juruti Velho (Acorjuve), while, at the same time, signifying achievements, integrated a territorial recomposition, bringing challenges faced with the resignification of traditional social practices such as puxirum, thus enabling new prospects for the future of the territory.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Território minero-metalúrgico: um estudo de caso do município de Barcarena, no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-30) GONÇALVES, Dhemerson Martins; SILVA, Joao Marcio Palheta da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5356047514671129; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-0354-4639; TAVARES, Francinei Bentes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2305847447719005
The compulsory object of analysis of this study is essential in the debate, at its core, the mining activity and its major influence and interference in the Amazon territorial dynamics. To this end, the mining-metallurgical dynamics in the industrial complex of Barcarena-Pa is approached, in the incisive investigation of the socio-territorial impacts derived from the mineral transformation activities in the municipality. The objective is to correlate the perspective of development ordered by large mining enterprises and their relative influence, above all, on regional, national and international economic dynamics. However, it is essential to diagnose the socio-territorial contradictions and inequalities arising from the mineral economic vector. In this aspect, an analysis is carried out, with regard to the mineral economic vector in Barcarena and its instructive impacts that are correlated in the economic, political and social spheres. Municipal revenue data; Goods and Services Circulation Tax (ICMS), Industrialized Products Tax (IPI) and Municipal Participation Fund (FPM), which consist of means of investigation to measure the collections resulting directly and indirectly from the bauxite industrial complex aluminaaluminum and, it is essential to study an Index to mention a possible quality of life of the local and adjacent population. The Index chosen was the FIRJAN Index of Municipal Development of Barcarena, in order to ascertain the quality of life from the variables of Education, Health and Economy, following, of course, the perspective of the index methodology, which aims to be quanti-qualitative, that is, an effective index for measuring the applicability of resources derived from the mining-metallurgical dynamics, with regard to an effective spatial and equitable destruction, aiming at the quality of life of the local population, that is, to consider the contradiction between economic underdevelopment and development of the place and for the aspirations of the place, based, essentially, on the brand relations by power, configuring itself in a miningmetallurgical territory.