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Navegando por Assunto "Recursos hídricos"

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    Análise da disponibilidade hídrica da região hidrográfica do Tapajós como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para a outorga de recursos hídricos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-12) ROCHA, Gabrielle Souto da; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
    This work presents an analysis of the water availability in the Tapajós hydrographic region, located in the state of Pará. For the analysis of the availability, the data of the historical series of the fluviometric stations of Tapajós RH were analyzed, considering a period of 20 years (1987-2007). such as grant information and waivers granted to users of water resources in the region. After the analysis of the fluviometric series, the reference curves were obtained with the Siscah 1.0 program to determine the reference flows Q90 and Q95. The program was also used to perform the statistical calculations to obtain Q7,10 for each fluviometric station. For the determination of the sub-basins and drainage area to obtain the remaining flows, the Otto Pfafstetter method was used, detailing up to level 4. Observing the presented results, it was verified that for the reference flows Q90 and Q95 for one maximum flow rate of 70%, for each method, the remaining flow in the sub-basins does not constitute a scenario of scarcity or water stress, while Q7,10 presented a criticality scenario for the applicable uses. In relation to the uses granted in the Tapajós hydrographic region, it was verified that the municipalities with the highest number of granted processes are Itaituba and Jacareacanga, and the highest number of grant exemptions is distributed between the municipalities of Itaituba and Rurópolis. It was identified that the use of water resources for Tapajós hydrographic region, based on the purposes of granting and dispensing of requested concessions, is for the service of earthworks, compaction and wetting of roads in the region. These uses are directly linked to the expansion of the region through works such as ports, hydroelectric power stations and opening of new avenues to increase the flow of agricultural products.
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    Análise espaço temporal das barragens no estado do Pará nos últimos 20 anos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-08) CHAVES, Daniel Rodrigues; ISHIHARA, Júnior Hiroyuki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3498874642887006; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-7913
    Knowledge of the location of reservoirs of water bodies is extremely important for the study and management of water resources. However, the registration of such information is mandatory for large dams, however, it is performed in a purely informative manner by most entrepreneurs, and it is up to them to correctly inform the data or simply ignore its importance. The cost of on-site registration is high, in addition to taking a long time on the part of environmental agencies such as ANA, ANM, SEMAS. In this sense, orbital images can offer maps of buslocations at low cost, covering large areas, including difficult to access. The present work has as main objective to perform a temporal space analysis through the MNDWI index, with the objective of subsidizing the registration and location of the buses in the state of Pará, which have an area of water depth greater than 3,600m², using for this purpose , 192 imagesof the Landsat sensor that cover the entire state territory. The results obtained showed a significant increase of 656% in the total number of dams in the last 20 years, mainly in the eastern region of the State. Having identified 3,704 dams in the State of Pará, however, only a total of 314 are registered on the ANA website, throughout the State. It was also identified the relationship between the largest cattle and soybean producing cities as the cities with the highest number of buses. It can be concluded that the method used proved to be efficient, since it managed to efficiently characterize the evolution of the dams over time, as well as their distribution and spatial variation, thus being able to assist in the planning of the inspection bodies in the identification of the most critical sites that need to be inspected, thus making inspection more effective and allowing better management of water resources.
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    Aplicação da metodologia neoclássica da demanda tudo ou nada como subsídio à cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-30) CAMPOS, Catharina Ramos dos Prazeres; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
    The world-wide problem of water scarcity has been induced many countries to adopt, between other measures, economic instruments to reverse that situation. An example of this kind of instrument is the “water charging”. It is suggested the implementation of this instrument in the State of Pará, where there is still abundance of water resources. Based on bibliography research of international and national experiences on the adoption of this instrument of management and based on economic methods of water charging which were used in Brazil, it is applied the method of “tudo ou nada” demand, on the watershed of the lakes Água Preta e Bolonha, which are the objects of the study, placed on Belém city. Some countries as France and Germany, are well-succeed examples of this implementation. In Brazil, the states of São Paulo and Ceará, due to its great scarcity, were the first states to include the water charging as a priority in their water resources management systems. However, this practice in solving problems only when they are critical, has been very onerous to their economies. The application of the method at the lakes Água Preta e Bolonha was based on a similar application done at the watershed of the Pirapama river, in the state of Pernambuco. As the conclusions of this work, the aplication of the method of “tudo ou nada” demand was possible in regions of abundance of water.
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    O aproveitamento de água de chuva para fins não potáveis na cidade universitária professor José da Silveira Netto - Belém/PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-03) YOSHINO, Gabriel Hiromite; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
    The Brazilian Amazon has about 69% of available freshwater in Brazil, an amount which ends up creating the illusion that no lack of water and not lacking in the region, the large supply of this resource becomes a problem when it comes to the Management and Planning Water Resources in the Amazon, according to the wasteful use and lack of maintenance of stocks, compounded by the release of untreated wastewater. Speaking of water conservation programs in the Amazon a few decades ago and still today, with less intensity, is somewhat strange, given the large amount of water available and the culture of abundance. But with climate change associated with the water crisis in the century XXI and the growth of environmental awareness, a new paradigm for water use. Thus, this research discusses the importance of the use of rainwater for non-potable purposes, since the potential for exploitation, throughout the year, due to this high rainfall in the Amazon region, ranging, on average, 119.6 mm in months from November to 441.6 mm in March. It was verified the potential utilization of rainwater from the areas of the roofs of some buildings, located at the Federal University of Pará - UFPA, Campus Guamá, also known as City University Professor José da Silveira Netto. The methods used for sizing of the reservoir were the Rippl and Interactive, and economic viability checking done by the methods of Net Present Value - NPV and discounted payback. As a result, there was obtained by the method of Rippl a volume exceeding 1000 m³, while the interactive method was a maximum of 75 m³. The economic viability presented fragile as a function of time to return exceed the useful life of the utilization system for rain water.
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    Arcabouço geológico-geofísico da região nordeste do Estado do Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) JORGE, Maurício Victor Elleres; ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9626349043103626
    The northeastern region of the State of Pará presents great potential for the occurrence of groundwater resources. Two hydrogeological systems are present in it: Pirabas and Barreiras. From a gravimetric survey conducted in this research, associated to secondary data collected in academic works and state projects (SIAGAS-CPRM), it was possible to advance the understanding of the regional geometric arrangement that determines the spatial distribution of the sedimentary packages. Map and geological-geophysical profiles of the bouguer anomaly behavior are presented, necessary to support the presented spatial ordering. The geophysical signature of the gravity anomalies in the Bouguer anomaly map analysis revealed positive and negative regions, which are limited by gravimetric lineaments, mainly NW-SE direction. Among the structures generated, in this arrangement, stands the Graben of Bragança - Viseu, partially contained in the work area. The indication of depth presented in the gravimetric profiles, and in the constructive profiles of wells, reveal to us outstanding aspects of the geometry of the sedimentary package. The geometric model of the morphostructural configuration of uneven tectonic blocks, responsible for the regional structuring of the area and the definition of places more favorable to the encounter of the largest thicknesses of sediments, in which the mentioned hydrogeological systems are closed, is confirmed in the obtained results. Thus, the methodologies and techniques used in this work proved to be robust to understand the geological compartmentalization of the work area, with respect to the guide with a higher success rate, the location of wells, in terms of expected productivity. as an important tool for planning and managing water resources.
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    Aspectos geoambientais e climáticos da sub-bacia do rio Guamá no Nordeste Paraense.
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-15) BARBOSA, Ivan Carlos da Costa; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
    The sub-basin of the Guamá River (SBGR) is located in the Mesoregion of the Northeast more specifically in the microregion of Guamá, covers 12 municipalities and has presented a relevant economic and social growth. The Guamá River has economic, social and cultural importance for the municipalities of the region, because for it converge all drainage network composed of small tributaries and large tributaries inserted. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the integration of climate, environmental and water variables with the current transformations of land use and occupation in the area of the sub-basin of the Guamá River, in northeastern Pará. Initially, the estimates of precipitation derived from satellites (remote sensing) for the SBGR area were evaluated and the observations provided by the National Water Agency were compared. Then were mapped and evaluated the different uses and land occupations in the SBGR in order to establish environmental vulnerability from the relationship of physical and biotic elements and their ecodynamics. Finally, the dynamics of physical and chemical parameters of the surface water of the Guamá River were evaluated as a function of seasonal and spatial variability. It was concluded that the data provided by remote databases overestimated by 12% and 13% (CHIRPS and GPCC, respectively) the data observed by pluviometers. However, despite the overestimation of rainfall, it was possible to obtain reliable and satisfactory data from the databases by remote sensing. As for land use and occupation, there was a higher amount of area (57%) characterized as exposed soil and ground vegetation, and a lower amount of area (42%) characterized as dense or secondary vegetation cover. Thus, it was noted the occurrence of areas with high environmental vulnerability (northern portion represented by the urban centers of cities like Ourém and São Miguel do Guamá) and very high (southern portion) as a result of land use and occupation associated with anthropic activities. The areas classified as low or very low vulnerability (central and southern portion), less vulnerable to environmental degradation, were associated with the presence of vegetation cover composed of primary and secondary forest, and less human presence. As for the hydrochemical variables of the surface water of the Guamá River, high spatial heterogeneity was observed along the 12 sampling points, the existence of upward and downward trends in the upstream to downstream direction and the influence of the seasonality of the region. Finally, it is a priority that the results of this research promote benefits to the population of the various localities visited and serve as a guiding instrument for public policies aimed at the conservation of natural resources.
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    Avaliação ambiental dos recursos hídricos, solos e sedimentos na área de abrangência do depósito de resíduos sólidos do Aurá - Belém-PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-03-27) PIRATOBA MORALES, Gundisalvo; FENZL, Norbert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6834981018643186
    With 1.754.099 inhabitants, the municipality of Belém produces roughly 1,200 tons per day of all kinds of waste, which are deposited in a landfill known as Lixão do Aurá, bordering the municipality of Ananindeua. During the past 11 years, this area has been accumulating approximately three million and two-hundred thousand tons of solid waste, transforming that place into a permanent local source of anthropogenic pollution, altering environmental conditions and resources around the whole area surrounding it. A Vertical Electrical Resistivity Sounding (VERS) procedure, conducted in the area before it was transformed into the landfill (1991), compared with the measures taken eight years later (1998), show that the land resistance has considerably dropped, with values in some cases — 109 times smaller than the original ones, thus indicating that the layers have been affected by the leach from waste decay. Fifteen profiles were conducted in the area, using the electrical imaging system, allowing us to confirm the (VERS) results, with evidences that the underground water has been affected by the infiltration and by the leachate vertical and horizontal movements. The hydro geological characteristics in the area show that the local predominant type of aquifer is of the free kind, locally confined, with hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.695%, effective porosity of 28%, permeability coefficient ranging from 1.1 x 10-3 to 0.9 x 10-4 cm/s, and underground flows running north/south towards the Guamá River, at approximately 14.79 m/year. A multivariate statistical analysis has shown that superficial water samples, collected simultaneously at three control points, during one tide cycle, regardless of the season, portray totaily different behaviors, indicating that superficial water resources are being affected by the superficial movement of leachate. With the concentration value figures for each of the leachate parameters (pH, conductivity, alkalinity, ammonia, total organic carbon, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesia), plus the flow of the Aurá River at the control point near the Guamá River, it is possible to estimate the quantity of pollutants that the solid waste landfill sends into the water system. During one tide cycle, in the dry season, the solid waste landfill deposits approximately 13,115 kg of chloride, 417 kg of ammonia, and 129,767 kg of salts in the local water system. For the underground waters, the multivariate statistics showed that the samples collected In the monitoring wells in the area show significant differences, indicating that the wells located downstream have been affected by the leachate. The presence of sand layers right in the area where solid waste is deposited allows for the vertical and horizontal movement of the different pollutants originated by the leachate. The heavy metais anaiyses, conducted under the sequential extraction methodology, showed percentages in the geochemical phases potentially bio-available in the studied soil and sediment samples. In the soil samples, the potentially bio-available fraction (replace, reduce, and organic geochemistry phases) contained an average of 32% of the total Cadmium (Cd), 11.8% of the total Chromium (Cr), 23% of the total Copper (Cu), 12.32% of the total Nickel (Ni), 43.1% of the total Lead (Pb), and 31.01% of the total Zinc. The potentially bio-available phases percentage in the sediments of the area was greater than the ones found in the soil samples. In these sediments, the quantity of heavy metais in the potentially bio-available fraction, shown higher values during the dry season than during the rainy season; for instance, 33% of the total Cd measured during the rainy season increased to 37% in the dry season; Pb increased from 61 to 70%; Zn, from 51 to 54%, among others. The metais analyzed by total attack in the soil samples, compared with the sandstone backgrounds, indicate that the Fe (3.1%), Cu (18.5 ppm), Ni (10.1 ppm), Pb (69.5 ppm), Cr (76 ppm), and Cd (>1 ppm) are above normal standards. In the case of sediment samples, the EPA background values (total concentration) would be moderately polluted by Cr (average 64.6 ppm) and heavily polluted by Fe (3.8%) and Mn (600 ppm). These results show that the sediments were not polluted by Pb and Zn. Considering the potentially bio-available phase and using the tool provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS), we can say that, during the rainy season, the sediment samples were not polluted by Cr (potentially bio-available fraction smaller than 20% of the total) were highly polluted by Pb and Zn (PBD higher than 50%), and moderately polluted by Cu, Ni, and Cd (PBD between 20 and 50%).
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    Avaliação de perdas de água do sistema de abastecimento de água da Cosanpa, na Região Metropolitana de Belém-PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-03-30) VELOSO, Thomás Pinheiro; BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0286183914646934
    This work has as objective to analyze the water losses in the supplying system of the COSANPA that takes care of to the demand of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), emphasizing the importance that the process of formation and the urban growth of the RMB has in relation the water losses, in the measure where this process forced the COSANPA to take care of to a number each bigger time of users with improvised workmanships, taking the prevalence of the improvisation and the empiricist in the operation of this system. The research was carried through for all the area of the RMB, since it would be impossible to determine the losses index for an isolated sector, in result of the absence of sectoring of the net of water supply that makes it difficult the attainment of more necessary operational information. The methodology used for the determination of the losses index of the system of water supply of the COSANPA in the RMB, was based on the study carried through for Silva et al (1998) for the National Program of Combat to the Wastefulness Water (PNCDA) and that in 2004 it was revised by Marcka (2004). The results gotten with the determination of the losses pointers of basic and average level of complexity reflect the fragility of the COSANPA through highest losses index, that besides being related the structural problems, are aggravated by the operational deficiencies of this system. One concludes that measured as the sectoring of the net of water supply, hydrometer, update of register in cadastre, use of new technologies for detention of emptyings and frauds and the operational qualification, with the manual technician creation, are combat tools the actual and apparent losses that can change the current picture of the COSANPA.
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    Avaliação de sistemas de prevenção e contenção de inundações em bacia de drenagem urbana
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-23) MARTINS, Vânia Carla Dias; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
    This study aimed to assess the risk of flooding and propose alternatives for prevention and containment of flood for the river basin Tucunduba Oxbow River, located in Belem, from the development of methodology for hydrological and hydraulic simulation, aiming the sustainability of macro drainage system, and analyze the physical variables of the basin to be used as input data for the mathematical models, will also be presented in full simulation methodologies. The results show the application of the models mentioned, as essential tools for the prevention and containment of floods on urban drainage basins, which suffer direct influence of the tidal regime. Since the prevention and containment of extreme events such as floods, is an essential tool for urban areas subject to climatic accidents due to the amount of lives involved in the process, disease by the collapse of the sanitation system and impairments on buildings , materials and infrastructure assets.
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    Avaliação espacial e sazonal da precipitação no estado do Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-21) MENEZES, Franciani Pantoja; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability and seasonal rainfall in the State of Para. Were used monthly data and annual rainfall of 66 rainfall stations available in hydrometeorological network of National Water Agency – ANA for the period 1982 - 2011. The data were organized with the help of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The historical series that fail, these were corrected and consisted. Para is the second largest Brazilian state holds great extent and diversity of natural resources. In terms of density, the state, as well as the seven river basin showed low density of rainfall stations do not comply with the recommendations of the WMO as the minimum density of rain gauges, are areas that require better monitoring. As for seasonality, precipitation shows two distinct seasons, a drought (winter and spring in the Southern Hemisphere), with rainfall less than 100 mm, and a rainy season (summer and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere) with rainfall exceeding 200 mm. The results obtained by the Mann - Kendall and Spearman did not detect any trend of increase or decrease in rainfall during the study period. Through cluster analysis of monthly precipitation were defined 3 Homogeneous Regions with similar climatic characteristics (R1, R2 and R3) to the state of Para.
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    Avaliação geoambiental e hidrológica da bacia do rio Itacaiunas, PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-24) CRUZ, Fábio Monteiro; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
    The hydrological behavior of a watershed is determined jointly by its geoenvironmental, hydrological and landscape characteristics, therefore the study of these attributes is a way of elucidating it. The hydrological behavior of Itacaiunas river watershed, located in southeast Pará, was subject of an assessment based on its geoenvironmental attributes. Besides, regional hydrological variables were defined and the landscape dynamics of the watershed was also investigated. Hydrology applications and Geographic Information Systems were used, as well as data originated from the watershed monitoring. The results indicated that the main sub-watersheds are fourth-order physiographic units, being considered both physically and climatically homogeneous in this study. The probability distribution models which better fit to the maximum, minimum and average discharge data of seven consecutive days and ten years of recurrence related to the dry season of the Itacaiunas river watershed were respectively Pearson 3, Log-Pearson 3 and Log-Normal 2, whereas during the rainy season, it was Pearson 3, Normal and Pearson 3. The water balance of the watershed reported high water availability remaining for water rights concession; however it may have been overestimated. The assessment of the landscape dynamics of the watershed, in turn, has demonstrated a strong trend of modifications in land use for the watershed, during the study period. It also became evident that it happens on the occurrence areas of the more important sub-watersheds inside the hydrological context of Itacaiunas river watershed, making it possible to alter the water supply as an effect of the impacts of such modifications.
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    Características agrometeorológicas da cultura de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) variedade Candeias em Paragominas – PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-01-31) SANTOS, Ana Patrícia Ramos Araújo dos; RIBEIRO, João Batista Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1874829087396349
    The local authority of Paragominas belongs to the South-east Mesorregião from Pará (03 ° 00 ' 00 ” S and 47 ° 21 ' 30 " W) where there is the whole area already altered for deforestation and pastures only waiting for being incorporated to the productive agricultural process. The culture of the soy has significant importance for the national economy, being one of the principal agricultural produce of export and generation of emblems, pertaining to the family of the leguminous plants, is adapted in a spacious belt of climates, being able to be cultivated in all the types of ground. The objective of this study is to value the conditions agrometeorológicas during the vegetative cycle of the soy at Paragominas - PA. In this area there was built a meteorological automatic tower of 4 meters of height, being the farm white Ox located to 03°02 ´ 15 " S and 47°17 ´ 56 " W and when a station was installed with measures to each (5) five minutes of the next variables: temperature of the air (Tar), specific moisture of the air (q), temperature of the ground (Tsolo), moisture of the ground (Usolo), speed of the wind (W), direction of the wind (D), solar radiation incident (Sin), solar radiation reflected (Sout), balance of radiation (Rn) and flow of heat in the ground (G) and Haste. Microclimatic variations have quite straight effects in the development of the plant. The collections when the beginning of June of 2006 was carried out between February show that the days 84, 98 and 126 were the days of bigger haste and the days 70 and 154 and 161 there was no rain. In accordance with the development of the planting we notice that in the February the beginning of April on the very specific moisture of the air maintained elevated 21,0 g/Kg. The journey of the temperature the maxim of the air was maintained between 23,5 ºC and 32,5 ºC accompanying the development of the culture. The middle temperature of the ground in three measures (5, 10 and 20 cm), noticed to itself that the temperatures are between 25 ºC to 35 ºC. In the beginning of the planting the speed of the wind was about 3 m/s decreasing, and in the end of the cultivation 2,5 was m/s. In the period of blooming the speed was maintained stable what contributes to the dispersal of pollen and seeds. The wind comes from all the directions, meantime, the wind is predominant of northeast. When the ground is still completely naked, the albedo is lifted up, since the radiation that enters in the system is same that it goes out. When the albedo begins to develop the planting it has a tendency to lessen, since the quantity of solar radiation that reaches the system part is reflected and other one absorbed by the surface. The middle moisture of the ground in three measures (10, 20 and 30 cm), where we notice that the moisture is between 0,2 m⁄m to 0,45 m⁄m. The flow of heat in the ground to 10 cm presented peaks around-135 W/m2 and 55 W/m2 (7 the 18 h) and to 20 cm he presented peaks around-25 W/m2 and 45 W/m2 (7 the 18 h). The positive sign represents transfer of heat of the air for the ground and the flow was of the surface for the most internal layers of the ground. When we analyse the appreciated evapotranspiration we notice what was inferior of what the evapotranspiration when 4,0 mm⁄dia was appreciated and the measured evapotranspiration 8,8 mm⁄dia. When we analyse the linear regression to appreciated evapotranspiration the measured evapotranspiration was lower.
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    Caracterização geoquímica e avaliação da qualidade das águas subterrâneas do aqüífero freático da cidade de Bragança – Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-08-17) AMORIM, Hemert Santos; RAMOS, José Francisco da Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8189651755374537
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    Cenário das outorgas de lançamento de esgoto concedidas em Belém-Pa
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-09) RODRIGUES, Suzana Teixeira; PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8031687016215046; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
    Conditions of effluent disposal grants authorized by the Department of Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS) of the Municipality of Belém PA, Brazil, between 2013 and 2016, are analyzed. Current study is divided into three parts: (1) collection of data retrieved from the Department; (2) preparation of a map showing effluent disposal grant sites at present; (3) number of non-computerized effluent discharges for each urban water basin in the municipality of Belém. Results showed that there are 24 effluent water disposal grants in the municipality of Belém: 62.5% are effluent disposal grants to residential housing estates; 25% are effluent disposal grants for industries; 12.5% are effluent disposal grants for other sectors, including hospitals and airport. The water resource with the greatest number of disposal sites is the Igarapé/Canal de Val-de-Cans, with five effluent disposal grant sites, followed by Igarapé São Joaquim/São Raimundo, with four effluent disposal grant sites. Very few effluents are treated at tertiary level, with disinfection prior to release in the water body. In fact, most Treatment Stations lie at the secondary level, since only organic matter is removed. However, enterprises with septic tanks and filters are still extant. Results also demonstrate that the urban water basin with the greatest unaccountable effluent discharge is the Bacia do Una, with 44,680.32 m³/day, followed by the Bacia do Outeiro, with 28,567.20 m³/day. Data are the SEMAS´s official numbers and they do not reveal the true conditions of the water bodies. In fact, there are several other effluent discharges which have not been regulated by the department and which contribute towards unbridled pollution caused by sheer lack of a comprehensive sewerage system in the municipality of Belém.
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    A cidade e as águas: os impactos da expansão urbana na bacia do rio Tabocal, Melgaço, Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-10-10) MONTE, Marilene Costa Viegas do; MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5914095913079907; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4432-7331; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446474471044694; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-2429
    Urban expansion along water courses has generated socio-environmental impacts related to forms of occupation and use of natural resources. The study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental impacts on the affected population in the municipality of Melgaço, in the state of Pará, to support the Participatory Municipal Master Plan, with technical information, for more efficient management of local public authorities. Melgaço, is located at the joint mouth of the Amazon River basin and the Tocantins River basin. The dissertation was organized in the following chapter format: Chapter 2, presents the theoretical framework, adopted in the research with the concepts mobilized to understand the theme studied - Cities and rivers in the Amazon a history of denial, concepts of anthropocene, political ecology, justice environmental and territorial, right to the city, sustainable city, environmental policies, environmental management and local development. Chapter 3 presents the geoenvironmental characterization of the area under study - Characteristics of the Tabocal River Basin, (altimetry, drainage, geology, slope, geomorphology, pedology and land use), geographic location, historical formation and participatory cartography. Chapter 4 explains the city's relations over and under water - The paradox of the city and water, urban expansion, socio-environmental impacts, reports from residents, and public authorities' views on the city's environmental management. And in Chapter 5, alternatives and proposals for local management are represented, providing greater sustainability to actions developed in urban space - The city and waters, sustainable cities, diagnosis and prognosis for mitigating negative impacts. The research was carried out from 2022 to 2023. The main relevant results: reports from interviewees, photographs, aerial images, participatory cartography workshop, production of maps through geoprocessing, technical note as a subsidy for the preparation of the Coastal Management Plan for Melgaço, based on SDGs 06 and 11. It is concluded that this study allows reflections, a path to new horizons, providing positive subsidies for mitigating impacts. Understanding a rethinking with environmental wisdom and social justice, built based on endogenous needs, in partnership with local public authorities, development aimed at sustainability.
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    Condições sócio-ambientais da bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté (Pará, Brasil)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-31) GUIMARÃES, Danielly de Oliveira; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883400404823218
    The absence of watershed management in Amazon inhabited areas has affected its natural resources over the past years. For this reason, this study focuses on the social and environmental aspects of 18 rural communities and the effects of wastewater discharge originating from Bragança’s city on the water quality of the nearby Caeté Estuary and its tributary, the Cereja River, located in the Caeté River basin. The adopted methodology to characterize the socioeconomic profile and the living and dwelling conditions was based on structured and semi-structured questionnaires applied to the local population. The domestic trash production was quantified and a determination was made of the composition of the trash, in some communities, from samples of around 20% of the residences. Water quality analyses of the main wells that supply the studied communities were carried out based on the determination of physical and chemical variables (turbidity, real color, apparent color, pH, temperature, dissolved iron and dissolved nutrients) and bacteriological studies (termotolerant and total coliforms). Field measurements (hydrological, hydrodynamic and-or microbiological variables) were taken in the most urbanized zone from Caeté estuary and Cereja river to characterise the water quality of those environments. The main environmental impacts were identified, georreferenced, photographed, and mapped. Guidelines were proposed for the effective management of the natural resources of the Caeté Basin by the pertinent local authorities. The obtained results showed that the Caeté River basin has approximately 2,207 rural families (9,573 inhabitants) and the majority of the population has low income, low education and low living and dwelling conditions. The services and infrastructure are inadequate and there is a lack of potable water, basic sanitation, trash collection, school, medical assistance, etc. On the other hand, Bragança´s city has more than 72,621 inhabitants living on an area of approximately 16 km², is one of the oldest colonial settlements of the Amazon region. Both studied rivers receive large amounts of wastewater disposed by private households, hospitals, workshops and fish processing companies and they have showed microbial contamination. The lack of effective public policy has accentuated both environmental and socio-economic problems. The authors suggest several measures to improve the current situation, including: (i) the regulation of land use to reduce the environmental impact of the economic sector; (ii) implementation of management programs for the sustainable exploitation of natural resources (fish, crabs, clay, lumber); (iii) installation of public services, in particular piped water and sanitation; (iv) better monitoring and penalization of the illegal exploitation of natural resources.
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    Contribuição ao gerenciamento de recursos hídricos do Rio Piracicaba
    (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 1995-09) BARP, Ana Rosa Baganha; BARBOSA, Paulo Sérgio Franco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9653654803297649
    This work deals with a network flow optimization problem applied to the Piracicaba river system. A mathematical optimization method which gives great computational efficiency was selected. The aim is to help the management and operation of hydrografic basins geared to the control of the quality and quantity of the water. Computational mathematical models were chosen due to their speedy and efficient aid to decision making. The problem was handled by adopting the multiobjective formulation of the Weight Method and a networks flow optimization algorithm coupled with a piece-wise linear objective function. At was verified that the river system responds satisfactorily as long as the flow of a twenty-four month's period is known in advance (deterministc flows) and with due manipulation of the storages and differentiation of the storages with time. The systemic vision the models provides is an alternative approach to the traditional studies that evaluate the benefits the hydraulic structures in the punctual form
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    O desafio das águas numa metrópole amazônida: uma reflexão das políticas de proteção dos mananciais da região metropolitana de Belém-PA (1984 – 2004)
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-09) BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; MCGRATH, David Gibbs; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4373475491613670
    To talk about constant interruptions in water supply to the population of the municipal districts that compose the Metropolitan Area of Belém - RMB, in the State of Pará, that is, without a doubt, favored by a rich net of great river basins (the Amazonian Basin, the Tocantins-Araguaia Basin and Coast of the Western Northeast), seems to be a great contradiction. If the problem is not in low hydric readiness as it happens in some metropolitan areas of the country (São Paulo, Recife and Rio de Janeiro), why are not the urban demands of the resident population in the expansion area of the metropolis being assisted satisfactorily? What factors would be committing the water supply system quality of RMB? And how have the Government of the State of Pará and the Municipal City Halls of Belém implemented policies for the protection of Utinga source, major responsible for the provisioning of that population? Those subjects presented, demonstrate us the central point of this theory that is to understand how in an Amazonian metropolis, located in an area rich in superficial and underground hydric accessibility, the public system of drinkable water supply of the Utinga source has been challenging the city to survive. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the importance of their water resources, the development level of its environmental and hydric legislation, as well as the need of drawing goals and management practices for the river basins, among them the ones used as fountainhead to the drinkable water supply of the Metropolitan Area of Belém. The subject that involves the administration of water resources in the paraenses river basins, in matter the ones destined to the provisioning of RMB cities’ population, requests the development of a study centered on a political ecology capable to supply a theoretical-methodological outline regarding the use of the river basins as administration units integrated between state and city halls, as well as through the residents' participation and other local users of the water. Therefore, our objective is based on the need of identification and evaluation of twenty years of politics implemented by the Government of the State of Pará and Municipal City Halls of Belém, for protection and administration of Utinga sources (river basins of Igarapés Murutucum and Água Preta) responsible for the provisioning of 70% of the population of the Metropolitan Area of Belém.
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    Desenvolvimento de metodologia para regionalização de curvas de permanência de vazões na Amazônia legal
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
    The absence or failure of hydrometric data with long and reliable series, by factors of physical and / or economic order, is one of the main challenges faced in hydrological studies. In order to work around this problem, in this thesis, the application of regionalization method of flow duration curve was proposed. In this context, the main idea was to divide the region of the Amazon in homogeneous regions defined by the methods of hierarchical cluster analysis of Ward and diffuse Fuzzy C-Means, and for each, formulate regional models of flow duration curves. For both methods of the Euclidean distance cluster analysis was used as a similarity measure, and the explanatory variables the flow (drainage area, mean annual precipitation, length and slope of the river), as input data. We obtained four homogeneous regions through the Ward method and 14 regions by Fuzzy C-Means. Duration curves were constructed for each of the 214 gauged stations distributed in their respective regions, and calibrated according to 6 mathematical models (linear, power, exponential, logarithmic, quadratic and cubic). For each homogeneous region formed by cluster analysis methods, a regional model of flow rates of duration curves using multiple regression analysis was formulated, relating the parameters of the best model calibrated with the physical characteristics (drainage area, length and slope of the river) and climate (average annual precipitation) basins. The obtained regional models were validated by the method Jack-Knife cross validation. The performance indices found – values of NASH ≥ 0,75 in over 62% of cases, standing in the performance range from acceptable to good – showed that the Fuzzy C-Means method was the most suitable for the formation of homogeneous regions of flow. The regional models developed for each of the regions formed, are presented as a good option for modeling of flow duration curve for medium and small basins without flow data in the Amazon region.
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    Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para implantação de centrais maremotrizes: aplicação na costa atlântica do Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-06) OLIVEIRA, Luciana Leal Pimentel; MESQUITA, André Luiz Amarante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1331279630816662; BLANCO, Claudio José Cavalcante; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8319326553139808
    It presents a methodology for deploying tidal plants, which were modeled phenomena and parameters needed for basic studies project. The chosen study area was the Atlantic Coast Pará. Thus, a simplified model is proposed to represent the reservoir. This model was validated with the results obtained from the bathymetry held in the estuary of Bacanga in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. In addition to the reservoir modeling, tidal heights were shaped by the Hermitian interpolation process. The diameter of the turbine was determined by correlations available in literature. The flow resulting from the height of variation between the sea and the reservoir caused by tidal variations, was determined by Hazen-Williams formula. The modeling of the reservoir and the tide high, more methods of determining the diameter of the turbine and the flow, allowed the determination of the installed capacity and energy generated at each site studied, which were classified as small, medium and large size. Subsequently, the cost analysis was performed for each location, including investment cost, operation, maintenance and unit energy cost. The investment cost of tidal power in comparison with other energy sources, is high. However, the unit cost of energy is much lower than the unit cost of energy of its main competitor in the region, the diesel generators. The modeling of the three cases mentioned above and your energy costs and generated results show that tidal power has the potential to be exploited in the Atlantic Coast of Pará.
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