Navegando por Assunto "Saneamento básico"

Agora exibindo 1 - 16 de 16

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Água e saúde no município de Igarapé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) SOUSA, Rafaela Sales de; FELIZZOLA, Juliana Feitosa; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; SÁ, Tatiana Deane de Abreu; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; MENEZES, Luciana Gonçalves Creão de
This article aims to analyze and understand the relationship between water and health in rural communities located in the watershed of Cumaru stream, in the municipality Igarapé-Açu, Northeast of Pará state. The harvesting and treatment of the water conducted by the rural population for human consumption were assessed, considering their practices of sanitary sewer, since these aspects have direct impact on their health. This study is based on field research with a quantitative approach. Closed questionnaire was used to raise the sources of water harvesting, rural sanitation, and use of agricultural inputs. We used participant observation, when focusing on the functioning of the agricultural establishment, to observe from various angles the relationship between water and health. We noted that the vulnerability of the water resources accessed by the population is a factor that contributes to the contamination of the sources, therefore a threat to the health of the rural population. However, the perception of the population is notable regarding deeper water sources, such as tube wells, which are priorities for water harvesting.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise crítica da implantação do programa de condições ambientais de trabalho na indústria da construção, NR 18 em empresas prestadoras de serviços no setor de saneamento básico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-04-06) MOREIRA NETO, Lauro de Souza; CRUZ, André Luiz Guerreiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5891750095857292
The present analysis has the objective of tracing a general profile of the basic sanitation field, seeking for the accomplishment of standard of the NR 18 in building sites. It has also the goal of identifing different profiles in relation to standard studies and their origins such as lack of fiscalization as well as lack of gear protection suppliers. The results of the reports a number of accidents the Building Industry revealing a very relevant field to set attention on. By this point of view this research surveys accomplishment of the norm in Companies wich perform services into the basic sanitation field at metropolitan region of Belém , in 10 building sites . This research shows a method for the analysis into the building sites which consists basically in three tools : check-list, interview and photographic register of the problems which were found , checking the Companies behaviour in realtion to the NR 18 application. Beyond tools improvments, applications avers method vality being able to take this one as efficient in a task of building sites analysing of these Companies into the basic sanitaion field.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade da informação no setor de saneamento básico: em busca da inteligência estratégica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-17) CONDURÚ, Marise Teles; PONTE, Marcos Ximenes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0120823127408114
This study talks about the informational dimension of the basic sanitation section, and has as objective to analyze the quality of the available information in sources of information used in the planning of the section. For that, the government bases of information were analyzed, the National System of Information on Sanitation 2009 (SNIS), the National Research of Basic Sanitation 2008 (PNSB), the National Research for Sample of Homes 2009 (PNAD) and the Demographic Census 2010, in the national ambit, and the Service of Information of the State of Pará 2009 (SIE). The analysis was accomplished through the Diagram of Pareto, the cause and effect Diagram of Ishikawa as well as the attributes of information as: up to date, inclusion, reliability, precision and pertinence, besides, the specialists' of the section opinion was investigated. In the 15 problems evidenced in the reduction of the quality of the information in basic sanitation, five of them are considered vital and they influence the other problems, as: the) interaction lack with other areas; b) inadequate periodicity of dissemination of the information; c) lack of detail of the information; d) inadequate forms of collection; e) inadequate information organization. Starting from the verification of the fragilities in the dimension informational in basic sanitation, the information was analyzed used in two instruments of planning of the section, the National Plan of Basic Sanitation (PLANSAB) and the Pluri Annual Plan of the state of Pará 2008/2011, (PPA 2008/2011). The conclusion of this thesis is that, in the moment, the information available for the planning of the section are out of to date, incomplete, imprecise, irrelevant and mistrust. Therefore, actions of strategic intelligence were recommended to improve the quality of the information of the section, being defined the what and where to collect, how to systematize, to analyze, to disseminate, to evaluate and to monitoring the information, seeking to contribute for the planning, definition of investments, installment of the services, regulation, inspection and social control, in agreement with the guidelines of the National Politics of Basic Sanitation, Law n. 11.445/2007, that has as one of the fundamental beginnings the universalization of the access to population to the services of basic sanitation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da capacidade de autodepuração da bacia do Tucunduba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SILVA, Andréa Maria Alves Gomes da; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The existence of organic matter in a watercourse results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen. This is due to the processes of stabilization of the organic matter made by the bacteria decomposers, which use the oxygen available in the liquid medium for their respiration. The decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen has several implications from the environmental point of view, constituting one of the main problems of water pollution. In view of this problem, this work aims to know the behavior of the autodepuration phenomenon in the Tucunduba River Basin in Belém-PA using the Streeter-Phelps model.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação de canais urbanos por microplástico em uma capital da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-22) SANTOS, Luana Francy Oliveira; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
The socio-environmental problems faced in several cities in the Amazon region are, in part the result of the precariousness or absence of basic sanitation services. The city of Macapá, state of Amapá, has the national indexes in the provision of set of services linked to basic sanitation, among such services the collection and treatment of sewage and the adequate disposal of solid waste such as plastic material. With this comes the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the presence, quantity and types of microplastics in urban canals in the municipality, as well as to analyze the importance of environmental variables in relation to the quantity and distribution of such particles. For this purpose, water samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle and sediment with a Van Veen dredger from five urban canals. The results obtained showed that microplastics were found in all samples. An average amount of 17 ±13MPs/L for water and of 453 ± 345 MPs/Kg for sediments were recorded. The predominant MPs were the fibers in the water samples, with a predominance of sizes smaller than 300 µm and in the colors blue and black. For sediments, fragments were the dominant format, with a greater proportion of transparent, blue and black colors. The data obtained showed the current state of the level of contamination of Macapá’s urban canals, indicating the need for effective public policies for Amazonian cities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contaminação de canais urbanos por microplástico em uma capital da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-22) SANTOS, Luana Francy Oliveira; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-1332
The socio-environmental problems faced in several cities in the Amazon region are, in part the result of the precariousness or absence of basic sanitation services. The city of Macapá, state of Amapá, has the national indexes in the provision of set of services linked to basic sanitation, among such services the collection and treatment of sewage and the adequate disposal of solid waste such as plastic material. With this comes the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the presence, quantity and types of microplastics in urban canals in the municipality, as well as to analyze the importance of environmental variables in relation to the quantity and distribution of such particles. For this purpose, water samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle and sediment with a Van Veen dredger from five urban canals. The results obtained showed that microplastics were found in all samples. An average amount of 17 ±13MPs/L for water and of 453 ± 345 MPs/Kg for sediments were recorded. The predominant MPs were the fibers in the water samples, with a predominance of sizes smaller than 300 µm and in the colors blue and black. For sediments, fragments were the dominant format, with a greater proportion of transparent, blue and black colors. The data obtained showed the current state of the level of contamination of Macapá’s urban canals, indicating the need for effective public policies for Amazonian cities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico dos sistemas de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário de Marapanim: um olhar sobre o distrito de Marudá e a sede municipal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-13) TEIXEIRA, Jean Michel Jorge; MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384080521072847
After the publication of Law No. 11,445 / 2007, establishing the National Sanitation Policy, there was the need for federal agencies (Federal, State and Municipal) initiate a new position on the unsustainability of scenarios related to poor service coverage sanitation, leading to a series of losses to the environment, public health and the economy, preventing the promotion of well-being and quality of life. To ensure the implementation of that law at the local level, municipalities should draw oriented goals and actions for the expansion and universalization of water supply and sanitation by those measures involve the planning and formulation of Sanitation Municipal Basic Plan, which should be started with the construction of the diagnosis of the situation of each of the sanitation components. In this context, this study aims to contribute to the construction of Marapanim Sanitation Plan, municipality located in the northeastern region of Pará State, through a research and analysis on public services of water supply and sanitation. At the end of the study, a set of proposals to resolve the problems observed in each sector was suggested.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Farinha pouca, meu pirão primeiro": eis o compromisso da escolha pública referente ao saneamento básico em Belém no período 1997-2020
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-19) MELLO, Helder de Paula; COSTA, Eduardo José Monteiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4243685710731997
This work is the result of explanatory research with a quali-quantitative approach, through bibliographic and documentary procedures in a case study with analysis of the collected results. Also considering that the research object demands an interpretative documental study, it aims with a general purpose to identify the factors that contribute to the maintenance of low levels of investments in basic sanitation in the city of Belém do Pará in the period 1997-2020. municipal public budget, its components and applications in the light of the Theory of Public Choice, as a theoretical reference aimed at the decision-making process on investment in the public policy of basic sanitation in the referred Municipality. In this sense, the main amounts contributed by the municipal Legislative Power through the Annual Budget Laws (LOAs) in the referred period were researched and analyzed, a condition that identifies the importance of the deliberative focus on the planning and execution of the municipal budget. The results confirm the hypotheses established, considering the institutionalization of a corrective measure on the identified factors to be opportune and imperative, considering that public investments should be effected soon and contribute positively to the aspirations of the local society and converted into effective purposes of improvement and municipal development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão da informação em saneamento básico no Estado do Pará sob o enfoque do ciclo informacional
(Brasileira da Associação Interamericana de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, 2017-12) CONDURÚ, Marise Teles; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues
This paper employs information management to analyze the sanitation information cycle in the State of Pará, due to the need of implementing municipal information systems. Methodologically, the research used Lancaster’s Information Transfer Cycle approach. Questionnaires were applied to collect and qualitative analysis of data from state agencies of the Basic Sanitation sector. Among the results, there was a lack of state and municipal information systems in addition to a deficient informational framework in the state, portrayed by a lack of systematic record, integration and sharing, as well as availability of produced information. It was concluded that there is a need to implement a local information system as an instrument of the sanitation state policy, targeting the informational knowledge related to the sector besides a larger participation of Pará municipalities in the national information system. It was also proposed the restructuring of informational dimension in the State of Pará, through a new sanitation information cycle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O lago virou canal: desigualdade ambiental nas entrelinhas do saneamento básico em uma baixada de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-05) PESSOA, Cláudia de Fátima Ferreira; RIBEIRO, Tânia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1193175057010343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1683-3659
This paper analyzes the reproduction of environmental inequalities through the impacts of precarious basic sanitation services on the perimeter of Lago Verde, a tributary of the Tucunduba River in the Terra Firme district of Belém, Pará. This relationship is justified by the recognition that certain sections of the population, allocated to specific areas such as the lowlands of Belém, have no guarantee of equitable access to the resources and policies that are fundamental to life in the city. The research used a methodological approach to the problem based on a predominantly qualitative approach, employing the techniques of bibliographical research, field research and the application of interviews with semi-structured scripts, collection and analysis of secondary data, such as statistical data on sanitation collected from official data platforms, research institutions and municipal bodies in Belém, as well as census analysis of the neighborhood based on data from the IBGE Automatic Retrieval System (SIDRA) statistical database and documentary research in journalistic sources. The theoretical analysis is based on the category of environmental inequality (Acselrad, Mello and Bezerra, 2009) articulated with the theme of basic sanitation as a public policy to promote well-being (Rezende, Heller, 2008; Souza et al, 2015). The category of environmental inequality represents a synthesis between social and environmental inequality, going beyond differences of income and class by broadening the sociological view of the environment. The perspectives elaborated on sanitation influence ways of appropriating the city, guiding practices, temporalities and impacting the subjective spheres of individuals in two distinct moments. The first is the absence and/or precariousness of services. This can be seen in the financial security of the residents interviewed, which is compromised by works and adjustments to their homes after flooding, in the disruption of activities and habits that they maintained in their daily lives due to public works interventions, and the distress and concern in managing their homes, which represent their dreams and achievements, symbolized in their own homes. A second moment is the spatialization of the state in the lowlands, where aspects of political participation were triggered by the Tucunduba Pro Lago Verde socio-environmental movement. A legitimate social critique was made of the way in which the interventionist actions were implemented. The concerns and afflictions that make up the daily lives of the residents of the Lago Verde community alter their relationship with the neighborhood, as well as their way of being in the city. A social process of sanitation is mobilized that attests to and stands against the sustaining and reproduction of social and environmental inequalities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo de avaliação das agências reguladoras municipais de serviços de saneamento básico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-31) SANTOS, Jefferson Medeiros dos; SANTOS, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7100625124793928
Study the regulation of basic sanitation services in Brazilian municipalities, to propose the evaluation model of municipal regulatory agencies sanitation. Initially, was identified the operation the regulatory agencies, through a existent agencies mapping. After, samples municipalities where were implemented regulatory agencies were selected, research for identify the characteristics e operation these agencies was realized. The comparison between the municipalities that implemented this agencies and other that don't implemented was realized using the Basic Sanitation National System (SNIS) and municipal Human development municipal longevity (IDHM-Longevity) for show possible advances in municipalities that implemented regulatory agencies. It was presented the evaluation model regulatory agencies basic sanitation municipal, with the purpose of help the holder of service basic sanitation than agencies evaluation existing now, as in implantation of agencies regulatory future. Ultimately, conclude that basic sanitation regulation is incipient, there a reduced number of regularity agencies; the agencies in operation show failures both in yours actions transparency than in four basic components attendance; the existence of agencies is not determinant factor for increase of covered and services improvement, and are necessary clear criteria for evaluation for action improvement regulatory agencies and consequently the basic sanitation as a whole
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prestação dos serviços públicos de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos e drenagem e manejo das águas pluviais urbanas: proposta de atos normativos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-07) ANDRADE, Marcello Ádamis; TAVARES, Antonio de Noronha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5212600085310483; BITTENCOURT, Germana Menescal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2304409840440309
Federal Law n° 11.445/2007 defined important aspects regarding the regulation of the provision of public sanitation services, including regulation and inspection. In this sense, the regulatory agencies, in compliance with the ANA guidelines, must issue rules relating to the technical dimensions of the provision of public sanitation services. The objective of the present work is to propose technical resolutions for the establishment of quality standards for the provision of public services of urban cleaning and solid waste management and drainage and management of urban rainwater in the city of Belém. To this end, a review of the technical literature was carried out on the subject, survey of existing resolutions in other regulatory agencies, and analysis of the pertinent legislation in force and analysis of the relevant legislation in force for the proposition of normative acts. When analyzing the existing resolutions, it is possible to verify that not all regulatory agencies that claim to regulate a certain axis of basic sanitation have a large normative framework on them. For the construction of the resolutions, it was necessary, in addition to the expertise of the other agencies that already have normative acts in the same direction, to make use of a legal framework, with the intention of guaranteeing the legality of the requirements adopted by the regulatory agency with the service providers. The proposed rules were prepared in specific chapters for each service to be regulated in the general rule for the provision of services and with an indication of those who should have their own rules. It is concluded that the complete regulation of sanitation is a challenge imposed on regulatory agencies, few regulatory entities have the legal instruments of regulation, however, these resources are indispensable since there is a need for a legal basis that supports regulation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restrições à modernização e ampliação dos serviços de água e esgotamento sanitário: um estudo da eficiência na provisão dos serviços
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) BARBOSA, Raphael de Paiva; BASTOS, Ana Paula Vidal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1992388595130579
This thesis analyzed the current structure of provision water treatment and sanitation services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, based on economical, physical and legal characteristics. The investigation focused on the disparities of the relative efficiencies of service providers in the coverage ratio. The technical and economical characteristics demonstrate need to adopt measures to regulate the sector's activities in order to increase the efficiency and quality of services offered. Otherwise, the regulatory framework changes give the indissociability of planning, regulation and service provision. Thus, the cooperation between the three levels of government as well as the possibility of the private sector participation, represents an important step forward in the effort to provide open access to basic sewage services in this country. The results of DEA models, shows that the supply of sewage services in Brazil and in the state of Pará, is limited by the poor performance of local providers. From this evidences, less than 1/3 of providers worked in a technically efficient level, both in 2001 as 2010. Consequently, the possibilities for improvements presented in benchmarking analysis proved that adopting productive Best Practices by companies with low efficiency would be possible to achieve significantly increases both quantitative units connected to sanitation network as the full length of water distribution and sewage collection mesh, from the same exploration expense index. In specific case of Sanitation Company of the State of Pará, this company shows beyond of lower efficiency in front of national average score, in both periods, the company presented inefficiencies in technical and scale conjunction. That is, besides of offering water and sewage services by general network below than its expenses, and lower financial return as desirable, the COSANPA worked in a range below the mean. From the comparative efficiency analysis of private enterprises and mixed economy societies with public administration, was noticed as light advantage than private companies in the provision of services, mainly influenced by the capacity of tax collecting and the general network sewer service. Precisely it is the service with a greater demand for investments. In the end, by relation the result of public companies efficiency with the rates of water supply and sewage collection by general network was showed that a direct relationship between the efficiency scores of the model and the access to sanitation services.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Saúde e saneamento: doenças causadas por veiculação hídrica nas áreas Riacho Doce Pantanal em Belém/PA e desafios da intersetorialidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-14) MANCABÚ, Milanca; SÁ, Maria Elvira Rocha de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9993934259448457; NASCIMENTO, Nádia Socorro Fialho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0757907626776627
This work aims to study the relationship between the incidence of diseases caused by hydric transmission and sanitation in existing areas of Riacho Doce and Pantanal, located around the Hydrographic Basin Tucunduba in Belém / PA. Its goal is to analyze the relationship between the incidence of these diseases and health conditions existing in the selected areas and discuss the intersectionality between public health policies and sanitation. His methodological approach, based on critical social theory encompassed literature, documentary research and field research. Literature search were discussed determinants of inequalities in the process of urban space occupation and the consequent social segregation revealed by degradation of living conditions in regard to the denial of access to essential public services. In documentary research surveys were made along the federal entities, state and municipal governments to identify regulatory frameworks (plans, laws, resolutions and regulations) regarding the policies of health and sanitation. Among these agencies highlights the City Department of Health (SESMA), the Department of Health (SESPA), the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the System Diseases Information and Notification (SINAN). In field research, of qualitative nature were conducted eleven (11) semistructured interviews, seven (7) with residents and four (4) with technicians working in the areas of Riacho Doce and Pantanal. The results show that in the mentioned areas, marked by poor sanitation conditions, addressing risk factors to the spread of diseases caused by hydric transmission can only be realized through the use of intersectorality tool in the process of management of public health policies and sanitation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistema de Informações Geográficas na análise da relação do saneamento básico com a saúde pública em áreas urbanas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-03) SOUZA, Arllen Augusto Gomes.; ALMEIDA, Aline Christian Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1388841813412015; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-5632
Identifies the main problems related to basic sanitation and public health in the Guamá Administrative District (DAGUA), at Belém-Pa, counting with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). The research methodology was developed into four stages: in the first, the main basic sanitation problems in DAGUA were identified; after that, with the help of GIS point maps, the number of confirmed cases of diseases related to basic sanitation such as Dengue fever, chikungunya, Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (DDA) (2017-2018), THE Zica virus, Leptospirosis, Yellow fever, Hepatitis, A-viruses were surveyed and spatialized from 2015 to 2022 in the database of the Belém Municipal Health Department (SESMA); in the third stage a comparison was made between the lack of basic sanitation and the public health problems in the research area, and these were spatialized using GIS choropleth maps; in the last stage, structuring and structural measures were proposed for DAGUA. The results were as follows: the need for maintenance in the treatment units and in the water networks distribution, since many are exposed and routed into drainage channels that receive fresh effluent; the scenario of a lack of service for sewage collection and treatment in all the neighborhoods belonging to DAGUA; the presence of flooding points and areas susceptible to flooding; and solid waste disposed of in irregular places, which contributes to the proliferation of rodents and diseases and instability in the periodicity of waste collection. In addition, regarding public health, it can be seen that the Guamá neighborhood is the most affected by all types of diseases, but DDA were the ones with the highest number of cases, although the information provided is only for the years 2017 and 2018. Thus, the relationship between disease indicators and sanitation conditions in the research area showed that the lack of adequate sanitation may be the cause of the increase in the number of occurrences of the diseases analyzed. In order to improve the relationship between sanitation and public health, this research proposed structuring measures and structural measures. Therefore, the development of this research made it possible, through GIS, to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation and public health in DAGUA, in order to better serve the social body and provide a better quality of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Soroprevalência de Hepatite A associado a fatores de risco em comunidade ribeirinha urbana - Vila Candelária Porto Velho, Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-10-27) UESUGUI, Helena Meika; SILVA, Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2742612791243141
This paper was carried out through a doar to door questionary taken in the month of October, 2001, in a waterside community called Vila Candelária in the city of Porto Velho, Rondônia, north of Brazil. The aim of this research is to determine serum prevalence of hepatitis A and to define possible relations concerned with the risks of the disease. There were one hundred forty three people of both genders, which ages varied between zero and eighty. Afier registering them, the next procedure was to get data not only about their living conditions but also oftheir sanitation, family income and also about their biological material. To detect ali the antibodies of hepatitis A vírus, we used ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), which is produced by DiaSorin, with specification: ETI - AB - HAVK - 3 (POOI652). The percentage of serum prevalence found in the research were 41,6%; 55,5%, 66,6%; 88% and 100% in the ages ofO to 4; 5 to 9; 10 to 14; 15 to 19 and over 40. The results present a 86% serum prevalence of hepatitis A. This is a quite high rate, although there is a great reduction among 19-year-old youngs. This fact may be due to the public water supply in the area, which has been provided since 1982. The research also emphatizes how important other researches are so that investments in social programs like living, healthy and sanitation can be put in a rank according to the needs of the communities.