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Navegando por Assunto "Solid waste"

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    Avaliação da sustentabilidade da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos de municípios paraenses
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-24) NEVES, Raisa Rodrigues; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922
    The research aimed to evaluate the quality of urban solid waste management, considering the actions taken and the information provided in the Municipal Plans for Integrated Management of Solid Waste (PMGIRS). For this, an initial matrix composed of 73 indicators was structured, which went through filtering stages, in order to extract information with low potential to be answered by municipal managers, giving rise to the final matrix of 40 indicators incorporated into 7 dimensions, basing the elaboration of the questionnaires used in this work. Initially, there was the application of questionnaires to managers to obtain knowledge about the reality of local management; then, the questionnaires were sent to the experts selected to participate in the Delphi Method. In total, 5 groups answered the questions on the 7 dimensions, which provided scores from 1 to 5 for each indicator and weights for each dimension. Based on the managers' responses, on the final grades of each indicator and on the final weights of each dimension, it was possible to calculate the Solid Waste Management Quality Index (IQGRS), framing the values found in sustainability levels. Then, the same methodology was applied to evaluate the quality of preparation of the PMGIRS, being proposed the Quality Index of the PMGIRS (IQPMGIRS), in this way it was possible to compare what was being done in practice and what was provided in the text of the instrument. of planning. As a result in terms of management, 4 municipalities presented unsustainable conditions, 4 presented regular sustainability, 5 presented good sustainability and only 3 presented excellent sustainability. After the application of clustering techniques in terms of management, 5 groups were formed, with Inhangapi and Canaã dos Carajás included in the group with the best performance; Abel Figueiredo, Augusto Correa and Curuçá were included in the group with the worst performance. Clustering was also applied regarding the quality of PMGIRS, guaranteeing the formation of 5 groups, with the group with the best performance being formed by Abaetetuba, Bonito, Goianésia do Pará and Juruti; the group with the worst performance was composed of Acará and Concórdia do Pará. The groups with the worst performances reflected the need for investments and progressions both in terms of management practice and in terms of improvements in PMGIRS, in order to guarantee the effectiveness of PMGIRS as a decision-making tool.
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    Avaliação de dano ambiental: aplicação de um índice de qualidade em um vazadouro a céu aberto
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-05) CONCEIÇÃO, Mário Marcos Moreira da; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-5352; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
    The objective of this research was the adequacy and application of a waste landfill quality index (IQAR) as a management tool for the open-air dump in the municipality of Castanhal-PA. For this, a socio-environmental diagnosis was carried out in the research area, in the Urban Solid Waste (USW) management and management system in Castanhal-PA and in the recycling companies in the municipality. A simple checklist was applied to identify the potential socioenvironmental damage resulting from the inadequate disposal of USW in the open-air dump, to the secretariats linked to sanitation in the municipality, collectors and the community of the agrovila Boa Vista. To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the environmental damage generated, the Global Damage Index (IGD) was applied. In order to determine the IQAR, the results obtained were analyzed and interpreted, for later framing the open-air spillway under adequate or inadequate conditions. The indices that make up the IQAR refer to the characteristics of the location, infrastructure implemented and operational conditions. According to the data obtained, the secretariats sampled have flaws due to the lack of elaboration, monitoring, evaluation and updating of the municipal Master Plan, which is expressed by the lack of information on issues related to the leak or projects in progress. The data obtained indicated that the Directly Affected Area (ADA) and the limits used for the disposal of MSW correspond to an area of 54 hectares. Irregularities and the lack of technical criteria in the forms of final disposal of USW and tailings at the ADA are the main factors that promote socio-environmental damage. As for the most significant environmental damages in the ADA, according to the sampling of collectors, they refer to the possibility of pollution/contamination of the soil (100%) by the inadequate disposal of waste and tailings from the various commercial and industrial activities of the municipality, burning of waste (64%), deforestation (52%), water contamination (86%) and air pollution (34%). After an analysis carried out in loco, the community Boa Vista was identified as an Area of Direct Influence (AID), approximately 1km from the spillway, the extensions of the water bodies, due to constant problems related to contamination/pollution from the runoff of surface water and groundwater that can take different directions, and the unpleasant odor by the predominant direction of the winds towards that community. The data obtained to identify the socioenvironmental damages in the dump, from the application of the IGD referring to the indicators of the physical environment, indicators of the biotic and abiotic environment and of the operational conditions, indicated that all the items listed suffer damages of direct and indirect order, with emphasis on infrastructure implemented (-0.50), water (-0.51), fauna (-0.63) and flora (-0.59). Thus, the general value of the IGD (-0.44) shows the precarious conditions of all the indicators evaluated, with damages ranging from -0.33 (operating conditions) to -0.63 (fauna). The results obtained with the application of the IQAR for the characterization of the structural, operational aspects of the locational aspects of the Castanhal-PA open-air dump, indicated alarming conditions in all indicators with predominant assessments referring to inadequate, absent or insufficient conditions. According to the methodology of CETESB (2020), with the value of the IQAR (0.4), the open-air dump in Castanhal-PA has inadequate operating conditions. In order to minimize the damages diagnosed, it is necessary, from the beginning, to know the characteristics of the waste produced in that municipality, the gravimetric composition and, as a matter of urgency, an adequate system of final disposal of MSW must be implemented with: licensing of the activity, delimitation of the area, physical fencing with screens, inspection and periodic maintenance of the site and access roads.
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    Caracterização e avaliação da potencialidade econômica da coleta seletiva e reciclagem dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares gerados nos municípios de Belém e Ananindeua - PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-12-21) CARNEIRO, Paulo Fernando Norat; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
    The physical characterization of the domiciliary solid wastes of the cities of Belém and Ananindeua of the Belém Metropolitan Region, related with the social and economic situation, its secular evolution, its recycling potentiality and with the reduction of costs with the urban cleanness. Initially, there were identified the collect routes practiced in each one of the sectors to be sampled. After that, it was initiated characterization in the Aurá Final Destiny Complex, where the samples of the selected routes had been analyzed. After homogenization process, there was removed a cubical meter of solid wastes of the trips of each route, where it was realized the characterization and selection of the components of the wastes. At the end of this stage the gotten results had been statistically treated, having the following average values respectively for the cities of Belém and Ananindeua: Specific Apparent Humid Weight 202,03 and 180,09 kg/m3; plastic 14,98 % and 16,27%t; paper and cardboard 17,06% and 17,36%; metals 2,64% and 3,87%; glass 1,52% and 2,96%; decomposable organic matter (compostable) 45,89% and 42, 34%; and others 17,91% and 17,20%. The gotten results call the special attention in the variation in the Specific Apparent Humid Weight, being the Ananindeuas of lesser value in function of the biggest content of plastics, glasses and metals; and of an organic matter lesser content. These differences basically must be function of two factors that are: Ananindeua is a dormitory city of Belém and in Belém the selective collect is more efficient because of the existence of a selectors cooperative stimulated by the government. The monthly values only added with the recycling are: Belém (lr = 100 %) R$ 11.089.740,90; Belém (Ir = brazilian average) R$ 3.256.155,60; Ananindeua (Ir = 100%) R$ 2.228.510,40; Ananindeua (Ir = brazilian average) R$ 1.160.136,90. Total Values with the Recycling without Selective Collect by the government are: Belém (Ir = 100%) R$ 1.080.547,50; Belém (Ir = brazilian average) R$ 402.165,60; Ananindeua (Ir = 100%) R$ 532.353,60; Ananindeua (Ir = brazilian average) R$ 125.676,00. The reached results satisfy the work objective, tracing of this form, the solid wastes production profile of the cities of Belém and Ananindeua in the year of 2006.
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    Contaminação de canais urbanos por microplástico em uma capital da Amazônia
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-22) SANTOS, Luana Francy Oliveira; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538
    The socio-environmental problems faced in several cities in the Amazon region are, in part the result of the precariousness or absence of basic sanitation services. The city of Macapá, state of Amapá, has the national indexes in the provision of set of services linked to basic sanitation, among such services the collection and treatment of sewage and the adequate disposal of solid waste such as plastic material. With this comes the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the presence, quantity and types of microplastics in urban canals in the municipality, as well as to analyze the importance of environmental variables in relation to the quantity and distribution of such particles. For this purpose, water samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle and sediment with a Van Veen dredger from five urban canals. The results obtained showed that microplastics were found in all samples. An average amount of 17 ±13MPs/L for water and of 453 ± 345 MPs/Kg for sediments were recorded. The predominant MPs were the fibers in the water samples, with a predominance of sizes smaller than 300 µm and in the colors blue and black. For sediments, fragments were the dominant format, with a greater proportion of transparent, blue and black colors. The data obtained showed the current state of the level of contamination of Macapá’s urban canals, indicating the need for effective public policies for Amazonian cities.
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    Contaminação de canais urbanos por microplástico em uma capital da Amazônia
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-22) SANTOS, Luana Francy Oliveira; MARTINELLI FILHO, José Eduardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2080628833884538; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-1332
    The socio-environmental problems faced in several cities in the Amazon region are, in part the result of the precariousness or absence of basic sanitation services. The city of Macapá, state of Amapá, has the national indexes in the provision of set of services linked to basic sanitation, among such services the collection and treatment of sewage and the adequate disposal of solid waste such as plastic material. With this comes the objective of this study, which is to evaluate the presence, quantity and types of microplastics in urban canals in the municipality, as well as to analyze the importance of environmental variables in relation to the quantity and distribution of such particles. For this purpose, water samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle and sediment with a Van Veen dredger from five urban canals. The results obtained showed that microplastics were found in all samples. An average amount of 17 ±13MPs/L for water and of 453 ± 345 MPs/Kg for sediments were recorded. The predominant MPs were the fibers in the water samples, with a predominance of sizes smaller than 300 µm and in the colors blue and black. For sediments, fragments were the dominant format, with a greater proportion of transparent, blue and black colors. The data obtained showed the current state of the level of contamination of Macapá’s urban canals, indicating the need for effective public policies for Amazonian cities.
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    Emissões de gases de efeito estufa na disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Estado do Pará.
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-20) ALMEIDA, Fernando Felipe Soares; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
    The growing generation of Urban Solid Waste in the world and the consequent emission of Greenhouse Gases - GHG originated from the final disposal activity has influenced waste management and challenges municipal administrations to adopt waste management procedures and methods that minimize the GHG emission in this activity. This study examines GHG emissions resulting from the final disposal of urban solid waste in the state of Pará. The research was qualitative-quantitative with exploratory and descriptive objectives, focusing on the solid waste sector in the state of Pará. The activities were divided into four stages, verifying the contribution of the solid waste sector to GHG emissions (Stage 1), observing the situation of the final disposal of solid waste in the municipalities of the state (Stage 2), estimating the generation of GHG emissions from the final disposal of solid waste (Stage 3), and analyzing opportunities to reduce GHG emissions in the solid waste sector (Stage 4). The results of the research show that Pará is the state with the highest GHG emissions in Brazil (447,927,368 tons of CO2e). Although the solid waste sector accounts for only 1% of GHG emissions, it was found that 138 out of 144 municipalities in Pará still send their solid waste to open dumps and controlled landfills. Considering the total amount of solid waste collected in the municipalities of Pará in 2021 (1,016,874.64 tons), the estimated GHG emissions were 952,901.86 tons of CO2e, indicating an impact on the environment. The research showed the need for the environmentally appropriate final disposal of solid waste as an alternative to reducing GHG emissions in the state of Pará.
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    Estudo da aplicação da lama vermelha como catalisador na reação de craqueamento térmico catalítico de resíduos de caixas de gordura
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-02) EID, Janaina Guedes; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
    This study aimed to evaluate the use of residual fat taken from retaining grease traps as an alternative raw material in the biofuel production process. The catalytic process of thermal cracking of the residual fat was carried out in bench scale and pilot using the red mud (LV) calcined at 1000 ° C as catalyst at different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%). Organic liquids (PLO's) obtained in the cracking experiments were distilled in a bench unit, which was the production of hydrocarbon fractions in bands of light green diesel and heavy green diesel. Thus, PLO'se fractions were characterized by carrying out physicochemical and compositional analysis where the results turned out to be compared according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP No. 65 for diesel S10. The produced in the PLO counter and cracking unit using the pilot content of 5% catalyst (LV calcined at 1000 ° C) when compared with experiments using concentrations of 10% and 15% of LV showed the best results for the acid value, kinematic viscosity and density, confirming that this experiment had one of the best yields of the process and significant results regarding the physicochemical and compositional analysis. Distillation processes of the PLO's done in the distillation unit in Bench Scale showed good yields for hydrocarbon fractions in heavy green diesel range. The heavy green diesel fractions obtained after distillation of the PLO produced with 5% catalyst content showed significant yield and the best physicochemical results of all fractions obtained in this study, especially with regard to the acid value. It was confirmed through analysis of the Infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer the presence of hydrocarbons in the composition of the organic liquids.
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    Estudo de ligante geopolimérico obtido a partir de metacaulim e escória granulada de alto forno
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-06) MORAES, Mario Henrique Moreira de; SILVA, Alisson Clay Rios da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7389345867032737; PICANÇO, Marcelo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4535052395600357
    The need for alternative materials to replace Portland cement is a contemporary discussion. Those new and alternative materials must have a sustainable character and good durability to supply the demand of the civil construction sector and mitigate the environmental crises caused by the industry, such as the high emission rate of CO2. In this context, geopolymeric binders appear as materials produced by different solid precursors in contact with an alkaline activator, with zero CO2 emission and mechanical properties and durability compatible or superior to that of Portland cement. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the geopolymeric binder obtained from the combination of metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with three different molar concentrations of sodium hydroxide (8, 10, and 12 M) for the alkaline activator. Dosages were established from the partial mass substitution of MK by GGBFS, coded as G0 (100% MK 0% EAF), G20 (80% MK 20% EAF), and G40 (60% MK 40% EAF). XRD, XRF, and SEM analyses were conducted for solid precursors. Geopolymer pastes properties were evaluated in the fresh state regarding setting time and in the hardened state based on physical tests, average compressive strength, and fracture morphology. Results showed that the MK and the GGBFS have adequate reactivity and chemical composition for the geopolymer synthesis, with the presence of calcium in the GGBFS actively contributing to the reduction of the setting time and gain of mechanical resistance of the dosages. As for the hardened state, higher levels of water absorption are intrinsically related to a decrease in mechanical strength, with fracture analysis revealing the presence of pores and micropores that favor the propagation of cracks. Statistical analysis found that the interaction between the analyzed factors significantly influenced the properties of the materials, with 85.35% (R2 = 0.8535) of the model being able to explain the variation in compressive strength of geopolymers as a function of the factors used in the regression, limited to the chosen range of variables. The G40M12 formulation showed the highest compressive strength value (38.08 MPa) and the ideal synthesis parameters defined were the rotational frequency at 150 RPM, a partial replacement of MK by GGBFS of 40%, and the NaOH concentration of 12 M. Finally, from the correlation of the evaluated characteristics, the developed geopolymeric binders showed technological potential as alternative and sustainable materials, with properties comparable to those of Portland cement.
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    Gestão de resíduos por atividades turísticas na área de preservação ambiental (APA) em ilha metropolitana da Amazônia
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) ELLERES, Igor Diniz; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-9449-7043; SAMPAIO, Dionisio de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2193736281754259; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-6001
    Solid waste management on Combu Island, in Belém (PA), reflects the logistical and structural challenges faced by Amazonian riverside communities in the context of growing urbanization and tourism. This study focused on waste management and the various stakeholders involved, who play a crucial role in the collection and disposal of discarded materials. Interviews and observations were conducted to understand the practices adopted by restaurants regarding waste disposal and the perceptions of waste pickers about the impact of this activity on the environment and their livelihood. The results indicated that although restaurants generate significant volumes of waste—around 4.8 tons per year—the lack of proper infrastructure, such as selective collection and regular transportation, leads to improper disposal. This issue is partially mitigated by the work of waste pickers, who collect recyclables such as glass bottles and plastics, turning them into a source of income. However, waste pickers face precarious working conditions, with low recognition and little integration into public policies or environmental education initiatives. The research also revealed that restaurant managers recognize the importance of improving their practices and developing them based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 14 and 15), but often encounter logistical difficulties and a lack of incentives or specific regulations. It is concluded that promoting integrated actions between restaurants, waste pickers, and public authorities, along with environmental education strategies, can enhance the efficiency of solid waste management, reduce socio-environmental impacts, and value the stakeholders involved.
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    Índice de salubridade ambiental (isa) aplicado ao municipio Belém do Estado do Pará.
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-25) COLINA, Valentina delos Ángeles Castillo; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
    The main objective of this study was to adapt and apply the Environmental Health Index (ISA) in the municipality of Belém, in the state of Pará, using as reference the one developed by the Planning Chamber of the State Sanitation Council (CONESAN) in the state of São Paulo, the purpose of knowing the health conditions of urban areas and providing a tool that guides the management bodies to develop the right policies, use of resources and investment in adequate infrastructures and quality services. Secondary data obtained from the databases of the SNIS, PNAD and DATASUS were used to compose the ISA in a period of five (05) years (2012-2016); the following variables were worked out: basic water supply; sanitary sewage and solid waste, which are the aspects that most impact the quality and environmental health of a region, as well as the health aspect, which in the vector control component counted the incidence of dengue, leptospirosis and schistosomiasis. socioeconomic aspect, taking into account the variables of education, income and public health. Due to the lack of some data, the adaptation of the ISA was made, with the modification in the weights of the components, granted according to their importance. The research determined that the health situation of the urban area of the municipality of Belém is considered as "Low Health", with an average for the evaluated period of 26.61/100 points, the most critical areas being sanitary sewage and solid waste, revealing that public management does not provide these services adequately, which reflects on health and living conditions, in this way the ISA/Belém application has proven to be a viable and easy to apply method to aid in urban planning, a lot of data.
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    Metodologia para o gerenciamento integrado saudável dos resíduos sólidos da bacia da estrada nova do município de Belém/PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06-25) PINHEIRO, Janary Fonseca; MACHADO, Luiza Carla Girard Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9773700229115395
    This work aims to create a methodology for the Integrated Management of Solid Waste (GIRS) that combines practice relevant to the topic, with programs involving the community, to keep the environment clean and healthy, with the scenario City of Bethlehem, specifically Watershed of New Road (BHEN). Also aims to identify why, despite the BHEN own collection of waste and cleaning services performed by the Municipal Department of Sanitation (SESAN), remains the same, constantly dirty. mainly of rubble and garbage thrown on public roads and canals, drainage basin that The fieldwork consisted of interviews with key actors that work, the community of BHEN. Innovation in the city a model of programs for the participation of people with the name of Active Citizenship and Community Participation (CIPAC) offering 20 programs: Mascot of environmental education; Boteco in Boteco; I love my city; Hello community; TV SOS "Environment; "Radio" Awake community theater; Coral "Recycle"; Educa mobile; Collection selective schools; the environment calls ride; Center memory; School of garbage; Meet the trash; Community footnote 10; Future green; Selective Collection "Door to Door"; Implementation of LEVs; Creation of basic ecological units; Creation of central recycling of rubbish; creation of units of sorting recyclable materials; creation of cooperatives of collectors and waggoners. Makes a forecast of investment for establishing and maintaining these programs as well as the return on investment applied to the deployment. As a result, presents a new model, based on practice, as support for the establishment of a municipal policy, according to the Law of the National Policy for Solid Waste (PNRS) that deal in Congress. Identified parameters were also able to identify the inadequacy of the current process of collection and cleaning services in this basin. These results show that a large population of BHEN is not ready to join a program of Solid Waste Management (GRS), which takes as its starting point the GIRS. The level of schooling and level of knowledge of the community do not represent obstacles to this, but the lack of programs that involve their participation, the collection of waste and urban cleaning services rendered properly, because, currently, the field research conducted, were visibly disapproved. Finally, also concludes that only with the deployment of a GIRS, CIPAC with the support of the environment would be considerably benefited, but not solve the serious environmental problems of BHEN will require the improvement of all systems of urban infrastructure in this important watershed for an effect really more healthy. It's important to emphasize that at present, the proposals for this work are considered very timely, since the beginning of the implementation of the Program of Urban-Environmental Recovery of the Basin of New Road (PROMABEM) financed by the Municipal Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the health and environmental problems of this important basin have high probability of being solved.
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    Plano de reciclagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos: uma proposta para a gestão pública no município de Belém
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-09) RAMOS, Antonio Fernando Ferreira; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-1787
    Belém’s municipal city hall – ‘Prefeitura Municipal de Belém’ – is dependent on the destination of its solid waste to the Marituba municipal landfill – ‘Aterro Municipal de Marituba’ – and sees in encouraging recycling a solution to reduce this need. In this scenario, analyzing the solid waste management conditions in the city of Belém is a starting point on the search of practical solutions based on the application of instruments provided in the national solid waste policy – ‘Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS)’, established by Law Nº 10.305/2010. This research sought to analyze the panorama of solid waste management in Belém sourcing information available in the national sanitation information system – ‘Sistema Nacional de Informações de Saneamento’, the brazilian association of public cleaning and special waste companies – ‘Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Limpeza Pública e Resíduos Especiais’, and Belém city hall – ‘Prefeitura Municipal de Belém’. The results showed that the efforts of municipal management are focused on the collection and disposal of waste to the landfill. Demonstrating the lack of structured public policy focused on recycling, adjustments were identified with the purpose of creating a plan to enhance recycling levels through the achievement of goals related to administrative adequacy and the operational structure management, the establishment of a project bank, the improvement of recycling index and composting stimulus.
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    Prestação dos serviços públicos de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos e drenagem e manejo das águas pluviais urbanas: proposta de atos normativos
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-07) ANDRADE, Marcello Ádamis; TAVARES, Antonio de Noronha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5212600085310483; BITTENCOURT, Germana Menescal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2304409840440309
    Federal Law n° 11.445/2007 defined important aspects regarding the regulation of the provision of public sanitation services, including regulation and inspection. In this sense, the regulatory agencies, in compliance with the ANA guidelines, must issue rules relating to the technical dimensions of the provision of public sanitation services. The objective of the present work is to propose technical resolutions for the establishment of quality standards for the provision of public services of urban cleaning and solid waste management and drainage and management of urban rainwater in the city of Belém. To this end, a review of the technical literature was carried out on the subject, survey of existing resolutions in other regulatory agencies, and analysis of the pertinent legislation in force and analysis of the relevant legislation in force for the proposition of normative acts. When analyzing the existing resolutions, it is possible to verify that not all regulatory agencies that claim to regulate a certain axis of basic sanitation have a large normative framework on them. For the construction of the resolutions, it was necessary, in addition to the expertise of the other agencies that already have normative acts in the same direction, to make use of a legal framework, with the intention of guaranteeing the legality of the requirements adopted by the regulatory agency with the service providers. The proposed rules were prepared in specific chapters for each service to be regulated in the general rule for the provision of services and with an indication of those who should have their own rules. It is concluded that the complete regulation of sanitation is a challenge imposed on regulatory agencies, few regulatory entities have the legal instruments of regulation, however, these resources are indispensable since there is a need for a legal basis that supports regulation.
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    Produção de biocombustíveis em diferentes escalas via craqueamento térmico catalítico de resíduos de caixa de gordura com catalisador Na2CO3
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-07-03) CORRÊA, Onésimo Amorim; BORGES, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756886156388456; MACHADO, Nelio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
    This paper presents the residual fat taken from retaining grease traps as a potential feedstock for the production of alternative and renewable fuels. The residual oil was used as filler in experiments catalytic thermal cracking countertop units, Semi-pilot and pilot. Different levels of sodium carbonate (5%, 10% and 15%) were used as a catalyst in the catalytic thermal craqueamneto experiments. Organic liquids (PLO's) obtained in the cracking experiments were distilled in distillation units in bench and pilot scale. Distillation processes resulted in the development of hydrocarbon fractions in kerosene bands, light and heavy diesel. The PLO's with the green light and heavy diesel fractions were characterized according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP 65 for diesel S10. The green kerosene fractions were characterized according to the specifications established by the standard of ANP 37 for petroleum-based kerosene. The results showed that the PLO's had low values for the acid value, moreover, it was confirmed that the use of different percentages of catalyst ash in the three scales of production contributed to obtaining promising results in terms of yield and physico -chemical and compositional, indicating the efficiency of this basic catalyst. The results also showed that the fractions of green kerosene, heavy and light green diesel had low levels of free fatty acids, significant income and physical and chemical characteristics in line with their respective standards. The experiments using the percentage of 10% sodium carbonate as catalyst showed the highest incomes, lower levels of acidity and the best results of physicochemical and compositional characterization of all the tests in this study. The PLO produced using the level of 10% of sodium carbonate showed a total of 78.98% of hydrocarbons in the composition, while the green kerosene obtained after distillation of the same PLO showed 92.64% total hydrocarbons in its composition, these results were confirmed by analysis as FT-IR, RMN and GC-MS.
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    Produção de biocombustíveis via craqueamento térmico-catalítico de resíduos sólidos de caixas de gordura com carbonato de sódio e lama vermelha ativada termicamente
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04) ALMEIDA, Hélio da Silva; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
    This work has the main objective to study the production of biofuels from Thermal-Catalytic Cracking process pilot scale using residual fat removed from the grease traps of the university restaurant of Universidade Federal do Pará (RU-UFPA). The residual fat was collected and treated by sifting, dewatering and separating and introduced into the cracking pilot unit. Were used as catalysts soda ash and red mud thermally activated at 1000 ° C, reject material from the production of alumina Hydro-Alunorte company, which also is an environmental liability. After cracking the organic liquid product obtained was distilled and characterized in the laboratory and pilot scales, obtaining the biofuel Biokerosene band, biogasoline, light and heavy diesel. Additionally, it was investigated the consumption of drinking water of that restaurant and the generation of wastewater, determining the per-capita water consumption, the coefficient of sewage return, the pollution load and the population equivalent. The PLO higher yield of around 82% was obtained with 15% sodium carbonate catalyst. The acid value of the PLO (14.97 mg KOH / g) showed a figure considered low and very satisfactory when compared with the values obtained in the literature. The chromatographic results of the experiment with 10% sodium carbonate showed high content PLO hydrocarbons (78.98%), green kerosene (92.64% of oil) and light diesel (90.21% hydrocarbons). The results denote viability in the production of biofuels from the treated residual fat of the fat boxes.
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    Proposta de criação da interface do sistema de manifesto de transporte de resíduos do estado do Pará
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-17) BRAGA, Leonan de Souza; NORAT, Maria de Valdivia Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1628995172582591
    The Waste Transport Manifest (WTM) is a management tool and declaratory document for the implementation and operationalization of the solid waste (SW) management plan in Brazil. Pará is among the states that have not yet created and implemented this system. Therefore, this study proposes the design of the WTM – Pará system, which could subsidize the State Secretary for Environment and Sustainability (SSES) for the inspection and monitoring of SW. The methodological procedures were: bibliographical research in different databases; documentary research, aiming to access relevant legislation and data from the WTM and the National Information System on Solid Waste Management (NISSW); application of a questionnaire to the legal representative of SSES; and interpretations, which consisted of analyzing the collected data to understand the reality of RS management in Pará and subsequently proposing of the WTM-Pará layout, based on the analysis of WTM systems in other Brazilian states. The results indicated that SSES does not have a specific department for RS management; there is no database on the generation, transport and destination values of RS; however, there is a coordination focused on the environmental licensing of waste transportation and treatment activities. Most of the licenses issued by SSES to waste transport companies, in the period from 2017 to 2022, were intended for those transporting dangerous substances and products (698). The data on RS, in NISSW, is out of date, which masks the real results. Based on the MTRs of six states that already adhere to this system, it was possible to identify some common fields for filling in information about the generator, transporter, destination and identification of waste. The proposed items for structuring the WTM - Pará were considered, using the Excel 2010, LibreOffice Calc and LibreOffice Draw creation tool, creating form models for the mandatory filling items, with modifications consistent with the reality of Pará, such as river transport in SW. It was then necessary to include the subfield "Vehicle License Plate/Title Ship Number" to identify the carrier. It was concluded that the layout of the WTM – Pará proposed in this study could be one of the first steps towards the elaboration and regulation of the system, as well as the search for its constant improvement, to positively impact the management of public departments and public entities, such as SSES, and to improve the current scenario of solid waste treatability in the State of Pará.
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    Trilha interpretativa como proposta de sequência de ensino para promoção da Educação Ambiental em Quatipuru/PA
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-14) LIMA, Jurandy das Chagas; BRABO, Jesus de Nazaré Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8186834432543140; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-0540
    Garbage and solid waste cause several environmental and social problems, thus they should be utilized by schools in order to promote an Educational/Environmental criticism and create conscious and sensitized citizens as we face man-made the environmental impacts. In that sense, it‟s necessary the utilization of an educational sequence both inside and outside the academic spaces, such as interpretive trails, in order to promote the students perception regarding the disregard towards the environment; developing their sensitizing regarding the impacts caused by the human being, as well as the development of criticism. Educational sequences are able to bring us different perceptions and sharpen the comprehension of every individual‟s role regarding the production of waste. The general goal of this study is to promote the environmental sensitization of 7th grade students of a public school in the city of Quatipuru (Pará State), through an educational sequence that utilizes an interpretive trail. This research aims to perceive the main challenges faced by teachers regarding Environmental Education, while dealing with students from disciplines related to Natural Sciences. It intends to increase the environmental sensitization, building up an educational sequence, analyzing the perceptions about waste disposal before and after the activities, as wells as evaluating the pros and cons of utilizing this type of approach to model both sensible and critical citizens regarding environmental impact. We conducted several activities involving evaluation quizzes; library activities; utilization of internet through cellphones; utilization of ambient temperature sensors; interpretive trails; seminars and group discussions. At the end of the process, we elaborated an educational product containing a guide aimed at educators for this activity both in academic and non-academic spaces, through an educational sequence that includes pre- field, in-field and post-field activities. The educational sequence proposed, created both thought-provoking and sensitizing moments about the serious socio-environmental issues caused by human action. We noticed a broader interest and sensitization of the students at the end of the activities, therefore evidencing a reflection about better habits regarding waste production and disposal, as well as the role of each individual while facing the situation of its own neighborhood, around school and around.
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    Usina de geração distribuída de energia elétrica através da incineração de resíduos sólidos com operação ilhada
    (Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-28) BARBOSA, Rosândela Oliveira; AFFONSO, Carolina de Mattos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2228901515752720; TOSTES, Maria Emília de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4197618044519148
    This work presents a proposal to supply eletricity to a distribution feeder for the operation of an isolated electric generating power plant that uses as primary source of energy heat from the incineration of solid waste. This suggested supply system is justified after the substation supplying capacity to this feeder is ex hausted. The capacity ex haustion is verified from simulations in the real Rede Celpa distribution system, located in the northeastern region of the state of Para, which supply the municipalities Santa Izabel do Para, Santo Antonio do Tauá, Colares, Vigia and São Caetano de Odivelas. In the simulations studies is used a load flow program specifically developed for distribution and subtransmission radial systems. The proposed supply system using electrical energy generation through incineration of the municipal solid wastes occurs from the comparison between the expansion alternatives namely the technical alternative used normally by the utility and technical-economical-enviromental alternative suggested in this paper that show the economic, social and environmental advantages of the proposal.
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