Navegando por Assunto "Supremo Tribunal Federal"

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O Brasil de três supremos? Conjuntura política e cultura jurídica na definição do comportamento judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-27) FERREIRA, Valeska Dayanne Pinto; MAGALHÃES, Breno Baía; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0126393188779750; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-2440
This dissertation proposes to understand how the judicial behavior of the Brazilian Supreme Court is structured within the Brazilian political system. The problem of the research is presented in view of the verification of the incompleteness of the legal studies that are intended to investigate the performance of the STF over time, since they are presented in an isolated and retrospective way, not dialoguing with the elements of the political conjuncture and legal culture . This is an explanatory research, with a qualitative approach and bibliographic procedure, developed in an interdisciplinary way, considering studies in the field of Constitutional Law and Political Science. Based on this methodology, a new analytical category is formulated for the judicial behavior of the Court, called political-constitutional conjuncture. From this, the work finds that the performance of the STF dialogues with the political conjuncture and the legal culture that develop in parallel, so that the construction of its judicial behavior is related to the understanding that the Court itself establishes about the role that it must to play in Brazilian constitutional democracy, given the different political-constitutional conjunctures that arise.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Federalismo Fiscal da Dívida Pública e o STF: um estudo de caso a partir do MS nº 34.023 e da ACO nº 3363
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-20) GUIMARÃES, Arthur Porto Reis; SCAFF, Fernando Facury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3214760192523948; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-4108
The main objective of the present research is to describe the fiscal federalism of the public debt starting from the Federal Constitution of 1988 and to investigate the role of the Supreme Court in the inter-federative conflicts involving the public debt of the member states, having as case studies the Writ of Mandamus (MS) nº 34.023 and the Original Civil Action (ACO) nº 3363. Thus, the dissertation chapters are organized through the following specific objectives: to analyze the constitutional design of public debt fiscal federalism in the 1988 Constitution, with an emphasis on exposing the federal functions and relations performed by the Union, Senate and subnational government; understand the process of reversing cooperative and solidary fiscal federalism through the economic policy promoted by the Union, with constitutional changes that affected the distribution of resources to States; to analyze how the dynamics of public debt federalism pressure the government relations in Brazil, causing successive fiscal judicial conflicts between the Union and States; based on case studies, to evaluate how the decisions of the Supreme Court in the inter-federative conflicts changed the fiscal federalism of public debt. The main result of the research exposes the fiscal federalism of public debt as the constitutional design of the normative complex of legal and political relations of public indebtedness of subnational entities, plus the primordial performance of autonomous entities and institutions in the authoritative political-legal process of operations, normative regulation, definition of limits and imposition of control. This complex intertwining generates friction and disagreements between the Union, endowed with a threefold function - manager, guarantor, creditor -, and the States submitted to an infinity of federal legislative and infra-legal rules to have access to credit operations. In this conflicting inter-federative financial relationship, the STF acted to promote the federative balance and reduce the differences between political entities. The STF did not encourage the Union to grant privileges to States or to grant new debt forgiveness, but rather, it intermediated the composition of a political solution between central and subnational governments, like an authentic Federation Court, participating in the dynamics of fiscal federalism of public debt.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os Fundamentos da repercussão geral: as funções dos recursos aos tribunais de cúpula e o descongestionamento do STF
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-20) SOUSA, Lizandro Rodrigues de; VAZ, Celso Antônio Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0547983721448176
It is a thesis that investigates the theoretical and historical foundations that supported the new configuration of diffuse constitutionality control in the STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal), with the institution of the Repercussão Geral (RG). The methodology used required a cadence. In order to identify the foundations for the institution of the RG as a filter of admissibility of the Recurso Extraordinário appeal in Brazil, we deal with each possible foundation in a specific chapter. The first possible foundation considers the role of the vertex courts based on the description of the role of judges and of the top courts, given the current guidelines of conduct. From the observation that the process has evolved, from a means to the realization of subjective rights to an effective protection of rights through fair decisions and/or the promotion of the unity of law, the study analyzes how the process and functions of the vertex courts. Would the RG help the STF to configure itself not as a court of justice, but as a court of precedents? The second possible foundation supposes the recognition that there is a worldwide tendency to solve the phenomenon of congestion of the Vertex Courts by restricting access, in order to build them into true courts of precedents. Would RG be the Brazilian version of this trend? The third possible foundation comes from the finding of the separation of the STF from the court corresponding to the historical and political justification of its conception and the conception of the Recurso Extraordinário itself, of which the RG is a current and special requirement of admissibility. In this sense, from the Constitution of 1891 onwards, the embryonic destination of this resource to sustain the supremacy of the Constitution, the authority, validity and completeness of federal law, the nature and type of Brazilian federation, is evident. Could these scopes be pursued today with the knowledge of only a relevant part of the extraordinary appeals together with the operation of other instruments, such as the actions of concentrated constitutionality control, which did not exist in 1891? The fourth possible foundation is based on the assumptions of the model found in Mitidiero (2015) or Taruffo (2011), which distinguishes the Supreme Courts from the Superior Courts. It states that a constitutional court cannot be seen as the final source of justice in the specific case, but as a court of precedents, and that ways of selecting resources according to criteria related to the general importance of the issues raised is a fundamental requirement for that a vertex court is seen as supreme. Would RG be in line with this model? The study concludes that the RG joins a list of previous attempts, thought or implemented, to overcome the centenary crisis of the Supreme Court. That currently, the RG is inserted in a positive procedural context (repetitive appeals, collective actions...) in favor of the rationalization of the practice of the Brazilian vertex courts. And that the set of grounds exposed gave support to the implementation of the RG as a solution to the STF crisis and as a directing factor of our constitutional court towards an orderly action in pursuit of its nomophylactic, standardizing and paradigmatic functions in the field of constitutional law.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A incrível doutrina de um caso só: análise do estado de coisas inconstitucional na ADPF 347
(Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2019) MAGALHÃES, Breno Baía
The article intends to make a dogmatic analysis of ADPF 347, a judicial precedent that inserted the category State of Unconstitutional Affairs (SUA) in the interpretative canon of the Brazilian Constitutional Law. The creation of said category implies the delimitation of its elements for their characterization and application in later cases. Thus, as a scientific method, the article intends to perform a dogmatic analysis of the elements that make up the identification of an SUA, according to the decision taken by the Federal Supreme Court (FSC). The dogmatic study proceeded from a description of its constitutional contours, that is, the requirements for the declaration of the ECI and its characteristics, to then challenge the constitutional characterization of the category under consideration and to highlight the mobilization of the FSC justices in order to limit its applicability only to the case of the prison system. The study concludes that the dogmatic categorie is problematic from the point of view of its argumentative coherence and its application will be restricted to the case of the Brazilian prison system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A liberdade de expressão e o crime de desacato no Brasil à luz do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-28) FONSECA, Maria Eduarda Dias; RIBEIRO, Cristina Figueiredo Terezo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9188707404168670
Considering the importance of the right to freedom of expression for the consolidation of a democratic society, especially regarding the democratic control of state activities, there is a need to discuss the understandings concerning this right and the ways in which it can be restricted. In this sense, the purpose of this research is to study the content of the right to freedom of expression in light of the Inter-American System of Human Rights. On this basis, the aim is to observe the understandings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights regarding freedom of expression, defining its content and the criteria listed so that its restriction does not constitute a violation of human rights, seeking to understand the points in which the understandings of these bodies converge or diverge, which can be better observed when it comes to the use of criminal means as a way to restrict freedom of expression. . Subsequently, the aim is to analyze whether the crime of contempt as typified in Brazilian law is compatible with the protection of freedom of expression. In order to observe how the international provisions on the subject are applied in domestic law, the arguments used by the Federal Supreme Court in ADPF 496/2020, which deals with the conventionality of the offense of contempt, will be studied in order to analyze whether they are consistent with the protection of freedom of expression and with the understanding of the Inter-American System. Thus, this study aims to answer the following research problem: what is the position of the bodies of the Inter-American System of Human Rights on the right to freedom of expression and the use of criminal means and how does the Federal Supreme Court use this understanding to decide on the conventionality of contempt in ADPF 496/2020? This will be done by using bibliographic research, in order to help define the concepts, and documental, especially through the analysis of documents from the Inter-American System, focusing on the Court sentences that deal with the protection of freedom of expression and the respective merit reports from the Commission.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma proposta de modelo de responsabilidade ulterior ao dano da liberdade de imprensa na democracia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-21) MASCARENHAS, Diego Fonseca; RIBEIRO, Cristina Figueiredo Terezo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9188707404168670
This thesis intends to critically analyze how press freedom is approached in the Brazilian legal system, based on the study of the insufficiency of the responsibility model after the harm to the communication channels proposed in ADPF n. 130/2009, judged by the Federal Supreme Court, due to this conception that any law to regulate the media activity automatically implies in the risk of prior censorship. Thus, the thesis starts from the consideration that the absence of law in Brazilian legal is detrimental to the rights of civil personality for the citizen, as well as being unfavorable to the media, because it promotes legal uncertainty without instituting what are the normative definitions for the broadly-broadcast sectors of news that become more exposed to receiving convictions in the Judiciary. In this context, the model of ulterior responsibility for harm of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is proposed, to determine normative guidelines in the restriction of free speech, which can occur as long as it is proportional, with clear legal criteria and with respect to the principles democratic. The thesis aims to expose, from Alexis de Tocqueville and Habermas onwards, the origin of press having a strong connection with democracy in order to demonstrate the reason for the judicial reasoning of the STF and the Inter-American Court to associate the press with democracy. In order to analyze the development of communication channels and their relationship in the public space, the study of how news dissemination media are understood from the point of view of media, mediation and mediatization is developed. The concept known media is approached by McCombs' Agenda Theory, which is based on the pre-selection process of the data that will be conducted to the public space and the way in which they will be interpreted, while the sense of mediation from Thompson makes up the media news as a transmission center not only for facts, but also for values, culture and education. Further on, the thesis positions the emergence of mediatization of data flow channels through Muniz Sodré and Fausto Neto, as it states that the receiver of information is no longer a passive subject to actively participate in the communication process, which shows change perspective of the traditional concept of journalism when there is participation of people within the language of the editorial board. Finally, all the decisions about free speech of the Inter-American Court are exposed to examine what the criteria are when establishing limits for the exercise of free circulation of thoughts and news in democracy, in order to serve as a legal parameter for the Brazilian legal system.