Navegando por Assunto "Vulnerabilidade"

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Análise das variações da linha de costa na Ilha de Mosqueiro- PA ao longo de 17 anos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-24) BRAGA, Carlos Alberto Oliveira; OLIVEIRA, Francisco de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8386440288477782
The average rates of coastline variation are one of the best indicators to determine the trend of the oscillatory behavior of any part of the coastline over time. The multi-temporal study of the coastline dynamics of the beach segments of Mosqueiro Island, PA, using the Landsat and Sentinel series of satellite imagery, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the European Space Agency (ESA) with the aid of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), demonstrated that during the period from 2001 to 2018, the total linear mean change for all beach segments was -81.3 m at a rate of -9.67 m / year. The average linear retreat was - 160.77 m, while the average linear advance was 79.47 m, indicating a clear erosion tendency of the Mosqueiro Island coast. From the 11 beach segments analyzed (Baia do Sol, Paraíso, Marahú, Carananduba, São Francisco, Ariramba, Murubira, Porto Arthur, Bishop / Praia Grande, Bitar), in the western part of the Island, 06 (São Francisco, Ariramba, Murubira, Porto Arthur, Bishop / Praia Grande and Bitar) showed a trend of retreat of their coastlines, presenting average rates of variation from -1.00 m / year to -3.31 m / year, the highest rate belonging to the Bishop segment /Big beach. The segments of Baía do Sol, Paraíso, Marahú, Carananduba and Farol / Chapéu Virado were the only ones that presented a tendency to advance in their coastlines, presenting values of average rates varying from 0.30 m / year to 1.74 m / year. In addition to the study of the behavior of the coastline of the western part of Mosqueiro Island, the classification of the physical vulnerability to the coastal erosion of the Island was carried out. In general, the coastal zones of the island bathed by Guajará Bay, Furo das Marinhas and Furo do Maguari were classified as "high to very high", with the exception of some sectors located in the northwest, northeast and southeast of the island. were classified as "low to moderate" vulnerability. The most localized areas in the center of the island not directly impacted by oceanographic variables were classified as "very low to moderate"vulnerability, in addition to some contiguous areas that were classified as "high" vulnerability.
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Análise de perdas econômicas geradas pela erosão em ambiente praiano: caso da praia de Ajuruteua – Bragança/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) RODRIGUES, Hygson da Silva; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The beach of Ajuruteua-PA, 36 km from the municipality seat of Bragança-Pará, has undergone constant morphological transformations due to the process of marine erosion. Such erosions have been causing disasters during periods of full tide (equinox and syzygy). In addition, the lack of planning in the management of the use and occupation of the territory caused several environmental consequences and the quality of life of the population. The objective of this work was to estimate the economic losses directly and indirectly generated by water erosion, through the Cost of Replacement Method (MVCR), and to contribute to the actions of civil defense in dealing with natural disasters. It also aims to collaborate with the planning and actions of public policies in order to avoid further harm to the population at risk, as well as to propose improvements for environmental management, the issue of territorial reordering and the social confrontation related to natural disasters. A questionnaire and checklist applied to a random sample of housing units can assess the costs of losses and damages caused by the phenomenon, as well as the application of the MVRC to analyze the losses for recovery / reconstruction or the total loss of the property without the recovery of the damage. The results indicate that there are many attempts to contain erosion along the coastline of Ajuruteua Beach, but these do not provide definitive solutions to the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider measures that reduce the exposure to the risk of facing disasters and prevent losses or high costs with the recovery, reconstruction or reallocation of properties and families that are resident in the region. The average Replacement Cost (CR) of the 81 buildings located in the tidal range, considering the average Internal Unit Cost (CUi) of R$ 34.708,76 and the Average External Unit Cost (CUe) of R$ 43.388,63; was R$ 6.325.889,40. Indicating that socioeconomic losses can be significant, and should be rethought in the direction of the management of coastal space.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de risco a inundação na cidade de Alenquer - Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-04-23) SILVA JUNIOR, Orleno Marques da; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555
The city of Alenquer, located in the Lower Amazon region of Pará State, historically suffer the threat of flooding. Every year in the flood season, the Surubiú stream increases your level, flooding the lower parts of the city. This thesis analyzes the existing flood risk in the city of Alenquer providing tools for management and improvement of the actions of government. The threat analysis was based on a methodology that combines historical data, hydrology, map building and participatory field work with GPS, identified three distinct areas in the city: (i) high susceptibility area annually affected by floods, is 8,4% of the city area (ii) area of moderate susceptibility, only achieved when the highest rates observed streamflow and (iii) the area that even larger floods is not achieved. The calculation of vulnerability occurred from the construction of an index that includes census data from demographic field work to identify the essential elements and units of responses. After the application of the index found that the 17 sectors of the city, five have high vulnerability, and the other moderate vulnerability. In the risk analysis data vulnerability and threats were integrated and again three areas in the city were identified (i) the high risk area represents 9.45% of the city, where there is high concentration of essential elements and several responses, leading to social and economic damage upon the occurrence of flood (ii) area of moderate risk, 30 % of the city and (iii) low risk zone which corresponds to 60.55% of the city. The Master Plan of the municipality was analyzed with a few questions to verify the inclusion of the theme of threat, vulnerability and risk in this document, after the analysis can conclude the lack of discussion of this theme in the master plan. The results of the research are important for supporting public policies and documents required by the Civil Defense at the time of disasters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos riscos e da vulnerabilidade socioambiental urbana, face ao desenvolvimento desordenado e a pressão aos recursos hídricos em Belém-PA
(Revistas Brasileiras Publicações de Periódicos e Editora Ltda., 2020-04) CARVALHO, Ana Carla Leite; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda
Studies have been demonstrated how the disorderly process of urbanization can be harmful to a city, bringing in a lot of cases incalculable damages to environment and for the society in a largest context. The pressure above the water resources is able to change even the water cycle (Garcia & Sanches, 2009), damaging the natural water process of renewal and the availability of water to the same society that generates the impacts. Belém and its metropolitan area has been growing exponentially bringing several problems to the population and environment. Carvalho (2015) understands the environmental risks as a result of “the association between the natural risks and the risks arising from natural processes aggravated by human activity and land occupation”. Therefore, risks and vulnerability caused by natural phenomenons and/or by human activity, historically, are considered impacts, that revealed in different areas or places, establish as places without previous planning, mainly affecting low-income populations. It can be observed that Belém, despite being in a region predominantly abundant in fresh water, due to the urbanization process that has been facing, may suffer from compromised water resources, needing urgent measures to raise awareness and direct management actions for the solution of conflicting situations of qualitative availability of compromised waters in the urban basins, minimizing possible risk situations and environmental vulnerability for he populations around these areas (Macedo,2003). Thus, it becomes necessary the urgent definition of strategies to promote a better interaction between the environmental and urban politics and minimize possible institutional, political and conceptual barriers, also establishing a broad debate on how to direct such policies and encouraging society's participation in dealing with the public authorities to have a more harmonious relationship with the surrounding water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de risco ambiental por contaminação metálica e material orgânico em sedimentos da bacia do Rio Aurá, Região Metropolitana de Belém - PA
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-03) SIQUEIRA, Gilmar Wanzeller; APRILE, Fábio Marques
The Aurá River basin is situated in the Belém Metropolitan region, between the municipalities of Belém and Ananindeua, where the rate of population growth has increased without any social and environmental control. The region is intensely exploited and the more frequent environmental problems are deforestation, erosion, flooding, water pollution and contamination, especially by heavy metals and organic compounds (OC). Geochemistry behavior (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu) and OC levels were determined in the 30 sampling sites between 2008 and 2010 in the bottom sediments of the river. There is an uncontrolled sanitary landfill situated at the north of the Aurá River responsible, in part, by the metallic contamination of the sediments. The environmental stress is classic in the region, and it has resulted from anthropic activities, which has transported unconsolidated material associated to metals to the Aurá. The variables studied were classified on the transport mechanisms and sources (allochthonous and/or autochthonous). The results showed that the main contribution of ions Al and Fe was the sanitary landfill; Mn and Ni was the adjacent soils; Cr was modified (III/VI) by the allobiochemistry, and Cu by bio-induced processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Direito de danos e reparação civil ambiental: o fundamento de teoria de direito privado da responsabilidade civil ambiental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-19) LIMA, Gabriel Santos; SÁ, João Daniel Macedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9744534971209709
This research deals with civil liability for damage to the environment, evaluating a possible theoretical realignment of private law in the application of civil reparation. The work is divided into three parts. The first part initially presents the corrective and distributive models of civil liability, in order to understand the state of the art of the discussion on the right to damages. In the second stage, a doctrinal analysis is made of the elements of Brazilian objective civil liability, as well as the possible challenge presented by the application of the institute in the case of environmental damage. In the third and last part, the concepts of vulnerability are analyzed, in line with the conception of a new private law defended by Cláudia Lima Marques and Bruno Miragem, of distributive justice, based on the theory of Diego M. Papayannis, as well as possible repercussions from civil liability to the collective guardianship regime, based on idea of collective process. It appears that such concepts can be decisive for attributing civil liability for damage to the environment. Still in this last section, the case of programmed obsolescence of products is used to test the hypothesis. It is concluded that civil liability for damage to the environment can take advantage of vulnerability and distributive justice to promote a real change in the logic of private law.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia da paisagem da ilha do Mosqueiro, NE do estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06) SALES, Gil Mendes; BORGES, Maurício da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580207189205228
This work investigated the physical parameters of the model of landscape of the Island of the Mosqueiro, in the Northeast of the State of Pará, in the Amazon region, using itself of investigative strategies that allowed insertions in the ambient order. In this chance the activities in the area of the geoprocessing. In the ambient context had been privileged this work present products of integration and other unknown ones whose idea is of instrumentalizer the local governmental politics, aiming at to contribute for improvement of the relation of the model of antropic occupation of the landscape versus maintenance of the quality and ambient preservation, in view of the necessity of if establishing a structure of adequate development to the current scenes. The importance of the District of Mosqueiro for Belém is unquestionable. Its history and tourist potential are peculiar; beyond the one that the island if establishes as important component to the social life, artistic, cultural and sporting of the majority of the population that composes the great Belém. To the long one of the time, the Island of the Mosqueiro was scene of many landscapes transformations. The performance of litologics, pedologics local factors as to those of order, of relief and, more recently, antropics, is used to explain the current arrangement of the landscape. In this direction the ecology of the landscape is presented as important boarding integrator for the search for the agreement of the Neogenic evolution. Inside of the flowing varied ones of studies on the shaped one of the landscape, it was opted to multitemporaly evaluating the evolution of the systems natural and constructed (landscape diversity), as well as the unknown application of metric of the landscape quantifying the current landscape situation and its possible future ambient impacts, ahead of the current strategies of occupation. Moreover, it searched integration of different variable as the ground, geology, geomorphology, neotectonic and the vegetal covering and use of the land of the Island of the Mosqueiro, for the attainment of the vulnerable areas the processes that are inserted in the dynamics of the same one, the example of the erosion. Thus, in the conduction of this research in the Island of the Mosqueiro the application sources had involved: geoprocessing; digital processing of images; metric of the landscape; and statistics and algebra of maps. The primordial data to this work had been: images of the Landsat satellite; deriving cartographic products of the aerophotogrammetry survey of Belém-PA; map of detailed ground survey; geology map; and information collected in field. The applicatory ones used for the attainment of the results had been the following ones: SPRING (version 4.0/Windows); ARCVIEW (version 3.3/Windows); SURFER (version 8.0); and FRAGSTATS (version 3.0). Amongst the main results reached in the study of the landscape of the Island of the Mosqueiro, they are distinguished: maps that portray the occupation dynamics (multitemporal analysis); space analysis of the current landscape structure (application of metric of the landscape); evaluation of geomorphology changes; framework current of the tectonic regimen (tectonics imperfections); and, finally, the map of vulnerability to the erosion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo psicanalítico sobre a feminização da epidemia do HIV/AIDS com usuários do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-09-12) LEBREGO, Arina Marques; MOREIRA, Ana Cleide Guedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9245673017553186
This study aimed to investigate the processes of subjectivation of women having no steady partners and their exposition to HIV/AIDS in order to identify overdetermination factors of vulnerability. As method, we used a case study, aiming at a in-depth analysis which allowed the identification of a greater number of subjective determinants related to the problem considered. The study presents fragments of clinical cases of women living with AIDS, hospitalized in the wards of the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital (HUJBB) in the State of Pará, Brazil. Based on the analysis of transference and countertransference, we showed as results what each case, in its singularity, reveals from the therapeutic encounter. In clinical case I, we found that the patient, whom we called Dinah, had a female masochistic mode of psychopathological subjectivation, what caused her to show some satisfaction when exposed to suffering, and to position herself as a victim in her emotional and sexual relationships. Those relationships were overdetermined by a imaginary identification with cultural ideals about the woman human being, conceiving images of men and women, and therefore of herself and her partners, as antithetical pairs of strength/weakness, active/passive, power/submission. This ideal of composite person of a virgin woman and a man only, caused Dinah to deny her fears of contamination, and to passively accept unprotected sexual relations, leaving the sexual initiative to her partner, and, thereby, becoming vulnerable to HIV infection. In clinical case II, Alice, which has a melancholic, self-destructive mode of subjectivation, positioned herself in her emotional and sexual relationships by incessantly searching for her self-destruction through an unconscious vulnerability to HIV. Having contracted AIDS and infected her husband and other partners, even after knowing her diagnosis, Alice remained trapped in a deadly silence, and prevented herd]self from taking care of her health and seeking continuous medical care, making herself vulnerable to re-infection. In clinical Case III, Ana Laura, is a woman who has gone through violence several times since childhood, for instance, she underwent child sexual abuse, was exploited as a domestic worker, was abandoned by her parents. After having her first baby, the child was taken from her without her consent by a maternal aunt who gave her to others. Ana Laura used that as a reason to prostitute herself on quay of Belém Port, where she worked until she was hospitalized. That was where negotiation for more expensive unprotected sex was a common practice, and so Ana Laura negotiated her life, selling unprotected sex and ended up getting infected by HIV. The helplessness and the violence that this patient went through are therefore the overdetermination factors of her vulnerability to HIV infection. As conclusions, we highlight that the women looked after without steady partners, did not care to protect themselves, and are not in accordance with the studies showing that those women negotiate the use of condom more freely and are less vulnerable to HIV. This demonstrates the importance of studies addressing the psychic, social, political and cultural aspects, so as to reveal the modes of production of subjectivity of the subjects in their singularity, beyond data measurement, in order to establish strategies for more effective health prevention.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores de vulnerabilidade relacionados ao conhecimento sobre infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em população periférica da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-06-25) OLIVEIRA, Ingrid Saraiva de; FERREIRA, Glenda Oliveira Naiff; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7459094802051187; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-4950; GONÇALVES, Lucia Hisako Takase; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6191152585879205; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-7814
Sexually Transmitted Infections are a worldwide public health problem and are widely distributed among different populations in the Brazilian Amazon. The state of Pará has the second highest AIDS mortality rate in Brazil and an increasing increase in the incidence of notifiable sexually transmitted infections, with people with low education being the most affected. This epidemiological context occurs in a capital that has low coverage of family health strategy teams in territories that lack basic infrastructure and with marked social inequities. In this way, social inequalities and access to health services can cause inequalities in the health of populations both at the individual and community levels. Considering this context and the absence of studies, this study aimed to analyze the vulnerability factors to knowledge about sexually transmitted infections in a peripheral population in the Brazilian Amazon. This is an observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out in areas of Bairro Montese. The study included 300 people aged 18 years or over. The collection took place between October and December 2019, through the application of questionnaires in the participants' homes. The American Questionnaire Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire and the sociodemographic questionnaire with questions related to vulnerability factors were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods, chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression, in the Bioestat 5.3 and Minitab 18® programs. 300 participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 46.09 years. There was a higher frequency of females (68.4%), Catholic (49.1%), with children (82.2%), high school (50.9%), mixed race (65%), married / union stable (51.6%), lives with spouse (47.5%), does not work (56.9%), economic classification C criterion Brazil (51.6%), income below one minimum wage (42.5%). There was a significant association between low knowledge and illiterate / elementary education, income equal to or less than one salary, Brazil criterion of economic classification C, D and E, single marital status, lack of guidance by a health professional and not receiving lubricating gel. The age groups of 28 to 37 years and 38 to 47 years were associated with the high level of knowledge. Conclusion: The social and programmatic dimensions of vulnerability were related to low knowledge, making it necessary for the actions of public social and health policies to bring about changes through interventions at the community level.
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O financiamento climático para cidades amazônicas: análise da prontidão e vulnerabilidade frente a eventos extremos de inundação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-07) RODRIGUES, Géssica dos Santos; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
The climate change causes concern due to the material and immaterial impacts that society has. The cities are more exposed to these impacts, because concentrate people and essential services, such as hospitals, banks, schools, among others. The adaptation and mitigation of climate change in cities is a means of coping with impacts, however it requires financial investments that may come from public, private or climate funds. The climate finance is an important topic in the debate on climate change, it aims to concentration financial investments that are directed to countries or cities to assist in the elaboration and implementation of adaptive or mitigating measures in the face of climate change. However, access to climate finance is still restricted due to factors such as technical or organizational capacity, and scenarios of social and structural vulnerability of stakeholders in financing. Another restrictive factor of access is that the sources of financing have limited financial resources. Through this, funding sources need criteria to select funding recipients, one of the criteria involves the applicants' readiness and vulnerability scenario. The climate change and the accentuation of extreme events also have an impact on the Amazon; therefore, actions preservation and conservation have always been a global public and private interest. The Amazonian cities have also suffered from the impacts of climate change, so its insertion in debates involving climate change and climate finance is of paramount importance to promote their development combined with facing the adverse damage from climate change. In this scenario, the research aims to elucidate the climate financing scenario for Amazonian cities and their levels of adaptation considering vulnerability and readiness. Therefore, the methodology for the climate financing scenario of Amazonian cities uses stages of searching, processing and analyzing data from climate financing projects. For the adaptation levels, the propositions used by Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) project, known as the Country Index and Urban Adaptation Assessment, are used on a methodological basis aiming at the formulation of the Adaptation Level Index of Amazonian cities facing extreme flood events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gênero e migrações na Amazônia: um estudo do deslocamento de mulheres Warao da Venezuela para Belém/Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-15) FURLAN, Maria Luiza Favacho; SMITH, Andreza do Socorro Pantoja de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1050234621474472
This dissertation, developed in the line of research Critical Studies of Law of the Graduate Program in Law at the Federal University of Pará (PPGD/UFPA), aims to analyze how research and institutional reports from Pará show the vulnerability of women's displacement Warao from Venezuela. To answer the question, the research is structured around three main thematic axes: studies on migration, intersectionality as a theoretical and methodological tool presented by black feminist epistemologies and the ethnic specificities of the Warao population in a context of displacement. As our research is based on three cross-cutting themes, our specific objectives were structured as follows, each one guiding the writing of a section of the work: contextualizing women's migration and identifying the main regulatory frameworks applicable to migration; to study the intersectionality and the feminization process of migrations; and to investigate the migratory particularities of the Warao from Venezuela to Belém/PA and the vulnerabilities of women in the community in this context, based on an intersectional study. The approach method used was the inductive method and the procedures adopted were bibliographic and documental research. From the theoretical framework studied and the reports of violence suffered by Warao migrant women from Venezuela in Belém, we conclude that intersectionality highlights the processes of vulnerability that affect these women, from the intersection of race, gender and ethnicity markers, and that the vulnerabilities to which these women are subjected are not exclusively individual, but occur collectively. Finally, we understand that intersectional studies on migration must be carried out, so that this scenario of exclusion and multiple oppressions is fought.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ilhas de Belém - mapeando vulnerabilidades socioambientais: subsídios à Atenção Básica à Saúde
(Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2023) ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; ROCHA, Emílio Chaves; BARATA, Clícia Julie Batista; SOARES, Daniel Araújo Sombra
This article aims to contribute to the identification, mapping and analysis of spaces of socio environmental vulnerability in the insular area of the Municipality of Belém do Pará, in order to contribute to the elaboration of the map of the territory assigned to Primary Health Care, with a view to contributing to the policies and health actions to make service to the population operational and meaningful.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Os Limites do consentimento na proteção de dados pessoais de consumo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-18) HOMCI, Janaina Vieira; SOARES, Dennis Verbicaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9961080231553419; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-3303
Advances in information technology have transformed the consumer relationship. Before centered on the figures of the consumer and the supplier in direct action, whether in the purchase of a product or in the contracting of a service, this relationship had its agents reconfigured by the market structure of the economy of personal data. With your personal information, the final recipient becomes the raw material, since the collection, processing and use of personal data drive the advertising market and, consequently, consumer harassment. Relational asymmetry, expressed in the vulnerabilities observed in this context, alters the meaning of consent. Although it is not the only authorized basis for the processing of personal data, consent is subject to limitations, which prompts the search for effective consumer protection in this context. his research has two well-defined parts: one is aimed at diagnosing the consumption relationship of personal data, analyzing from objective aspects of data processing itself to consumer rights, especially the recognition of vulnerability(s), the multiformity of the concept of privacy, autonomy of will, protection of personal data as a fundamental right and freedom; the other examines, in light of the dialogue between the sources - the Consumer Defense Code and the General Law for the Protection of Personal Data -, the responsibility for the misuse of data and, given the characterization of the state of damage, the preventive protection by through sharing political authority. Emphasis is given to empowerment, sometimes mediating and sometimes punitive actions of the State and the formulation of a governance policy by suppliers, especially in compliance with compliance, privacy by design and accountability. It appears that the legislation establishes a solidary environment for a network architecture with technological and regulatory strategies whose central element is privacy.
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A linguagem e a vulneralidade do corpo na Amazônia: da violência de genêro à denúncia em Bragança, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) NEVES, Luciana Carvalho das Neves; SANTANA, José Dias; OLIVEIRA, Francisco Pereira de; VIEIRA, Norma Cristina; SANTOS, Adriano Vasconcelos dos
This paper proposes to make visible in what way violence against women is handled by institutions of complaint, identifying the main forms of violence denounced against women in the Bragantina Region, northeast of state of Pará. Data were collected in the period the December 2016 to June 2017 in the women's police station (Deam Bragança / PROPAZ integrated - 6th region of public security (RISP) caeté). Gender studies clarify the damage done to women through the venerability of the body through symbolic, physical, sexual and religious violence among others, of man over the woman. Most aggressors are family people. Violence is perceived as a crucial phenomenon to delimit, spaces and territories, their actions create capillaries, and propagate themselves at ideology, at language, at word in the sound and are assimilated by the senses, bodies, groups , nations, with the aim of always reduces the other to the minimum state.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mapeamento da vulnerabilidade e análise de risco de contaminação como instrumentos de proteção das águas subterrâneas em áreas industriais: caso ALBRAS, Barcarena-PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-02-05) MELO JUNIOR, Homero Reis de; SOUZA, Eliene Lopes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2060516413833723
This work was made in the Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS) at the Alumínio Brasileiro S.A. Industry (ALBRAS)., in the town Barcarena, State of Pará; Northern Brazil. The principal objective was to find the main physical properties of the unconfined aquifer its natural vulnerability to contamination and the risk of contamination of the studied aquifer. To know and understand the local hydrogeology, were made manual bore holes, grain size analyses and a pumping test, were made as well as interpretation of geotechnical bores profiles. The natural vulnerability of the unconfined aquifer was determined by the GOD and DRASTIC methods, based basically on water depth, type of aquifer, lithology, characteristics of non-saturated zone, hydraulic conductivity, topography and aquifer recharge. The local assessment of contamination risk considered the risks to environmental resources and public health. The studied aquifer is unconfined, and the vadose zone consists of unconsolidated silty-sand, silty-sand-clay sediments, with creamy yellow and orange till light gray colors, badly sorted and sub-angled. The hydraulic conductivity is approximately 10“cm/s. In the rainy season the water level reached from O to 5,1 meters depth. The transmissivity, obtained by pumping test of short time, is estimated in 43.92 mí/day. The net recharge showed an infiltration rate of 115.58 mm/year. The unconfined aquifer vulnerability, obtained through the GOD method, ranged between high and moderated levels; and by the DRASTIC model, the vulnerability index ranged between 118 and 141. Although these numbers do not imply an intrinsic value, they could be extrapolated by the comparison with DRASTIC index of others regions. The index of all hydrogeologic environments studied by the method authors in the United States range between 65 and 223. Therefore we can consider the index of the current study area moderated (128) until high (151), considering the environment constituted by unconsolidated sediments. The natural groundwater vulnerability assessment in areas with small extension as in SWDS was better 4 applied throughout the GOD Method than by the DRASTIC Indexes. Mainly because the first one apply less parameters than the second one; e.g. litology of non-saturated zone, recharge net and hydraulic conductivity, which show little or any difference in its values in an area with 5 km”, presenting not very important for the final vulnerability indexes. The final value obtained for the risk contamination was bellows the critic index of 200.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Metropolização e vulnerabilidade socioespacial: dinâmicas territoriais e luta pela moradia na porção sul de Ananindeua-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-29) SILVA, Gilmara Oliveira da; RODRIGUES, Jovenildo Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9028575905648156; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5650-1168
The urbanization process has been present since ancient times, intensifying with the industrialization process in the 18th century and in Brazil from the mid-19th century on. In the Amazônia this process occurred from the 1960s with transformations that deeply impacted its territories. Contemporarily, with the process of metropolization, beyond a phase of urban development, these territories are increasingly affected by the interests of capital, especially with regard to production and housing conditions, where part of the population lives in degrading conditions and in constant socio-spatial vulnerability, as occurs in the municipality of Ananindeua-PA, a city that makes up the metropolitan region of Belém-PA and that is affected by it in all its structural changes. In this sense, we present the following central problem: How the process of metropolization, such as the actions of the State (land title regularization and the implementation project of the Liberdade Highway) in addition to the expansion of the land market in the metropolitan space of Belém has been interfering in the conditions of socio-spatial vulnerability (infrastructure and housing) of the southern portion of Ananindeua territory between the years 2020 and 2022. The main objective of this work is to analyze how the metropolization process, the actions of the State (land title regularization and the implementation project of the Liberdade Highway) and the expansion of the land market in the metropolitan space of Belém have been interfering in the conditions of socio-spatial vulnerability (infrastructure and housing) of the southern portion of Ananindeua's territory between the years 2020 and 2022. In the present work we will use the historical and dialectical materialism method, because it focuses on the materiality of the history of men in society. The research is quantitative and qualitative, where the first makes a quantification of the data on the growth of the population of the municipality, especially of its southern portion, and the second, makes a survey of qualitative data, which obtains the description about the neighborhoods of the southern portion of Ananindeua and its urban growth over conservation units and territories of traditional Amazonian communities. The analysis is inter-scalar that considers the time and space of urban relations. It counts on a systematic observation of the study area and the application of questionnaires, in addition to the cartographic production showing the advance of urbanization in the southern part of Ananindeua. This work is justified from a theoretical and methodological point of view by the need to understand the new territorial dynamics, in the conditions of infrastructure and housing, from the metropolitan expansion present in the southern portion of Ananindeua. From a theoretical and practical point of view, this work has the relevance of contributing to subsidize public actions and the construction of the right to territory. The present work showed us that the housing conditions in the southern part of Ananindeua are the result of the unequal process of metropolization where some parts of the population live with a good infrastructure in detriment of the majority of the population who live without the minimum conditions of basic sanitation. Added to this, the work showed us that the southern population of Ananindeu has the constant territorial conflicts of traditional communities that are there in the face of urban expansion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modos de enfrentamento do HIV/AIDS: direitos humanos, vulnerabilidades e assistência à saúde
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04) MAIA, Érica Catarine Ataíde; REIS JÚNIOR, Leandro Passarinho
Coping with HIV/AIDS configures itself as a challenge for contemporary society, in view of the control several aspects of the epidemic. In this research, the objective was to analyze, through theoretical studies, the HIV/AIDS social coping, circumscribed in the references of human rights, vulnerability and health care in Brazil. It was found that the notion of human rights brought innovative contributions, demonstrating that their violation increases the possibility of dissemination of HIV; the concept of vulnerability is an analysis of structures that incorporates an interdependence of individual, social and programmatic aspects in greater or lesser exposure to HIV infection; health care in the context of HIV/AIDS permeates integral public health care in the country. Finally, a reflection on these theoretical contributions in interface with HIV/AIDS coping, demonstrate them inequalities, discriminations, health system precariousness are closely related to the health-disease dynamics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção de risco e vulnerabilidade social dos moradores de Ajuruteua.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-04) OLIVEIRA, Ubiranilson Santos de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609
This study investigates the perception of risk and social vulnerability of the residents of Ajuruteua, a beach located 36 km from the town of Bragança-Pará. Part of this area is considered as a very high risk to marine coastal erosion, as noted by the destruction of properties located by the sea. Erosion is a natural event that affects people’s safety and it is triggered by anthropic factors, especially by disorderly occupation. Due to this the government proposes the evacuation of people from risk areas, because they are vulnerable to erosive action. However, it comes across the economic factor of the families involved, since the income of the people living there depends on the fishing, commerce, houses rental, hostels and other activities developed in the coast. In this perspective, this research aimed to verify residents’ perception on the risk of erosion, as well as to record their adaptation to natural events, and to monitor the impacts of removing the vulnerable population from risk areas to the municipality's headquarters. Such a context brings out the following issues: Can the understanding of the risk perception and social vulnerabilities of people living in Ajuruteua contribute to public policies for disaster risk reduction? The methodology was based on theory and method literature review, documentary research in public and private institutions and the application of a script of interviews with local residents and entrepreneurs. The objective of the interviews was to understand and identify the degree of social vulnerability of the resident population in Ajuruteua from the population 's perception of natural erosion events. It is hoped that the study will be able to contribute to public policies for disaster reduction, collaborating with the discussion about the different perceptions about the appropriate use of natural resources available in Ajuruteua.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A possibilidade de utilização da cooperação (judiciária) interinstitucional em processos estruturais pela Defensoria Pública como forma de garantir o direito humano de acessibilidade das pessoas com deficiência
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-21) MORAES, Bernardo Brito de; TAXI, Ricardo Araújo Dib; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2208519070757294
The universalist discourse of human rights, when analyzed from a critical point of view, at least in the factual field, fails to protect a siezable portion of society, which fits into the concept of minority and vulnerable social groups. Among them is that of people with disabilities, since they are historically relegated and excluded from social life. Despite the publication, in recent years, of a series of international and national legal instruments of a protective nature, whose main objective is to guarantee social inclusion to those people, many of their rights cannot be guaranteed in everyday life, in the face of a multitude of barriers. In this environment, the right of accessibility gains importance, which plays a central role in social transformation, being treated as the main fundamental right and, also, instrumental, as it is a safeguard for the enjoyment of other rights. The Public Defender's Office, due to its constitutional mission of guaranteeing access to justice for citizens and groups in situations of social vulnerability, is the democratic institution that best comes close to being a welcoming stage and to giving a broad and effective voice to people with disabilities, and, for this, it needs to make use of all available legal means, including the use of collective protection. It so happens that the collective process, as traditionally known, is no longer sufficient to deal with all types of problems. In the wake of the valorization of the interpretation and application of constitutional and procedural principles to the specific case, it can be said that the so-called structural process starts to gain weigth and importance, proving to be a viable way to combat the lack of accessibility, since this is a problem with characteristics of complexity, multipolarity, collectivity and the need for an institutional rearrangement. Among the various techniques currently available regarding the management of these processes, interinstitutional (judicial) cooperation deserves a prominent role, as it increases and democratizes access to justice, as well as assists in the search for a dialogued and efficient solution between the various actors involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade e capacidade de resposta à ameaça de inundação na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paracuri, Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-15) LISBÔA, Tamires de Fátima Pinto; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/134800567864955
In the river basin Paracuri, located in the continental midwest in Belém, the increase in rainfall between the months of December and May has allowed flooding in lowland area of the basin and consequently flooding in homes and businesses installed in the area , loss and damage. In this perspective, the threat of flooding in the basin Paracuri, this thesis aims at identifying and analyzing Vulnerability and Responsiveness in this area of the basin. To study the threat were carried out the documentary survey of the occurrence of floods in the basin, the generation of Digital Terrain Model, morphometric analysis of the basin, the sedimentological and comparison of urban and green areas in the basin's study had Vulnerability as the spatial unit of analysis, the census tracts, within which were conducted fieldwork with photographic survey and filling out spreadsheets environmental characterization that supported the identification of vulnerabilities Structural, Financial and Social; for the study of the capacity response was evaluated the presence of response units schools and hospitals or health units also by census tract. The analysis allowed the classification of sectors as Vulnerability in High, Medium and Low and the Capacity of Existing and Response Nonexistent.