Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Hídricos - PPGRH/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/10532

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Análise da percepção de alunos do ensino fundamental sobre o uso e a qualidade da água no município de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) RÊGO, João Ricardo Souza do; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
This work has as main objective to analyze the perception of students of a college located in the Municipality of Belém, capital of the State of Pará, on the quality of water consumed daily, as well as to verify how this theme is approached in the school context, using the Critical analysis of the political pedagogical project of the college, physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the water consumed and the application of the questionnaire to the students, being these students of disciplines related to the Environment theme. The number of interviewees consisted of 62 students from the 6th to the 9th year of elementary education in the morning and afternoon periods, during the first semester of 2016. The dissemination and discussion of the results obtained in the research took place in the Cultural Scientific Show of the school, through Of banners and workshops, games, experiments, videos, among other activities, where it was possible to verify students' understanding of the issue of quality and importance of water, problems related to water use in neighborhoods and alternatives Conservation of water resources. Comparing the students' answers on the subject, the results of the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the water consumed by these students, as well as the critical analysis of the PPP, it is possible to verify that the poor quality of the water indicated in the physical, Was perceived by the students. When questioned about water supply, a significant majority of the students pointed out the lack of water (47, 85.45%), as well as their poor quality when arriving at the residences (41; 74.55%). In addition, when asked about the fate of the city's water reservoir, most stated that it is basically for human consumption (37; 67.27%). It should be noted that the students associate the water quality with macroscopic aspects, such as presence of smell (29; 52.73%), mainly. By means of these results it was possible to determine the level of knowledge that the students have on the topic "quality of the water consumed", as well as to gather the necessary data to guide the goals of this work. Analyzing the school's Political Educational Project (PPP), it was possible to verify that educational strategies are established in the field of Environmental Education, as determined by educational guidelines. The data collected, based on the interview with the students, were determinant to associate goals that could correspond with the primary objective of the PPP, as well as to bring improvements outside the school scope with respect to the sustainable conduct in society. In this sense, it can be concluded that students have the perception of the importance of good quality water for the multiple human uses, as well as being able to identify which attitudes are detrimental to the maintenance of water quality. In summary, the study revealed that the students of the São Paulo College are aware of the problems related to the water quality of the municipality in which they live (Belém) and understand that they are also agents that cause these problems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da susceptibilidade a inundações na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Uraim, Paragominas - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CORREA, Denison Lima; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The phenomenon of flooding is a natural event, given by the extravasation of water to the greater river bed, a fact caused by intense precipitation causing the amount of water that arrives simultaneously to a point of the river is greater than its capacity of flow. The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the susceptibility to floods in the Uraim River basin in the municipality of Paragominas state of Pará, based on the physical and morphometric characteristics of the basin and to evaluate the areas most prone to flooding within the urban zone. Geoprocessing techniques were used to extract the basin by SRTM images and to use digital image classification to obtain soil use in the basin and extraction of elevation and slope to compose the map algebra process by the AHP method in order to generate the map susceptibility of the basin and conduct a discussion with the urban area of the municipality of Paragominas. The Uraim River basin It has a drainage network with area and perimeter of 4,981 km² and 202 km, respectively. The basin has a maximum altitude of 255 meters and a minimum of 1 meter in the exudation, the average altitude being 136 meters. The slope of the main watercourse calculated on the basis of the extremes (S1) showed a value of 0.08 m/m expressed a value that overestimates the mean slope of the water course, and hence the peak flood. For the variable use and occupation of the soil present variables where it can be analyzed that the Uraim river basin is in the process of altering its vegetation cover, evidencing a high index in the pasture and agriculture classes, besides the deforestation in Permanent Preservation areas, the areas evidence of high impermeability in the preservation areas. It can be seen that the neighborhoods most susceptible to flooding are in regions near the river basins of the basin: Promissão, Uraim, Cidelândia, Angelim and Cidade Nova. The AHP technique used to determine the weights of classes contributing to flood susceptibility was effective because it reduces and simplifies the proposed problem, which minimizes the errors of judgment during the process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do custo da água virtual e a formação de valores: estudo de caso na comunidade Cristo Alves – Curuçá – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CEI, Joelson Carvalho; ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9626349043103626
Water is a strategic asset for the survival of mankind. Pressures from increased food production, the development of water-dependent energy sources, population growth and economic growth have boosted water consumption. Thus, the increasing demand for water and the limited possibilities to increase its supply impose new practices and management tools that promote the efficiency of water use in distribution, consumption, and the productive process and encourage the rationalization of its use. Thus, the concepts of water footprint and virtual water have been gaining prominence in the scientific scenario, given the challenge of developing water use management practices based on the promotion of water efficiency. These concepts act as indicators of the use and appropriation of water in the perspectives of production and consumption. In this context, this work aims to analyze the processes of measurement of the cost and export of virtual water by the production of orange in the community of Christ Alves in the municipality of Curuçá - Pará. The analysis will be based on the orange produced in the Christ community Alves, in the municipality of Curuçá, Northeastern region of Para. The data collection for the costs of water used in the planting and irrigation of the orange will be based on information extracted from the farmers by a semi-structured questionnaire in relation to knowledge about water resources. Scientific data from the water footprint and virtual water will be used to elaborate how these costs are measured.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arcabouço geológico-geofísico da região nordeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) JORGE, Maurício Victor Elleres; ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9626349043103626
The northeastern region of the State of Pará presents great potential for the occurrence of groundwater resources. Two hydrogeological systems are present in it: Pirabas and Barreiras. From a gravimetric survey conducted in this research, associated to secondary data collected in academic works and state projects (SIAGAS-CPRM), it was possible to advance the understanding of the regional geometric arrangement that determines the spatial distribution of the sedimentary packages. Map and geological-geophysical profiles of the bouguer anomaly behavior are presented, necessary to support the presented spatial ordering. The geophysical signature of the gravity anomalies in the Bouguer anomaly map analysis revealed positive and negative regions, which are limited by gravimetric lineaments, mainly NW-SE direction. Among the structures generated, in this arrangement, stands the Graben of Bragança - Viseu, partially contained in the work area. The indication of depth presented in the gravimetric profiles, and in the constructive profiles of wells, reveal to us outstanding aspects of the geometry of the sedimentary package. The geometric model of the morphostructural configuration of uneven tectonic blocks, responsible for the regional structuring of the area and the definition of places more favorable to the encounter of the largest thicknesses of sediments, in which the mentioned hydrogeological systems are closed, is confirmed in the obtained results. Thus, the methodologies and techniques used in this work proved to be robust to understand the geological compartmentalization of the work area, with respect to the guide with a higher success rate, the location of wells, in terms of expected productivity. as an important tool for planning and managing water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da capacidade de autodepuração da bacia do Tucunduba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SILVA, Andréa Maria Alves Gomes da; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The existence of organic matter in a watercourse results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen. This is due to the processes of stabilization of the organic matter made by the bacteria decomposers, which use the oxygen available in the liquid medium for their respiration. The decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen has several implications from the environmental point of view, constituting one of the main problems of water pollution. In view of this problem, this work aims to know the behavior of the autodepuration phenomenon in the Tucunduba River Basin in Belém-PA using the Streeter-Phelps model.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção e mapeamento de índice de qualidade de águas subterrâneas em Porto Velho
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) NASCIMENTO, Gerson Flôres; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
This work was carried out an area about 100 km2 in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Porto Velho - RO, where samples of groundwater of 119 wells were collected; Whose main objective was the elaboration of a groundwater quality index (IQAS). For this study, 24 variables (Electrical Conductivity, ORP, TDS, Salinity, Bicarbonate, Air Temperature, Water Temperature, Turbidity, Sulphate, Chloride, Water Hardness, Resistivity, Static Level, Ca Ion, pH, Nitrate, OD, M Ion (??), Na Ion, Ammonia Ion, Fe ion, Fluor, Mn Ion and K Ion), which were obtained from secondary data of the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM). The information on the contents of the studied parameters were analyzed in electronic spreadsheets where they received critical and statistical validation. From the mathematical relationships, the IQAS values were calculated using the factorial analysis technique, where it was identified that the variables that most influenced in its formation were Salinity, Electrical Conductivity, TDS, Chloride, Water Hardness and Calcium. From the IQA calculated for each sample, the ordinary kriging technique was applied to produce the IQAS thematic map. With the results of this research it was possible to identify the demographic densification zones of the urban perimeter of Porto Velho with a higher or lower index of groundwater quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico ambiental de nascentes: um estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) FARIAS, Marília Gabriela de Sena; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The water problem over the years has gained importance in the national scenario,In this context, the State of Pará, despite having an abundance of water resources, has been in charge of these discussions, as has happened in the mobilization of the Marapanim river basin committee. The Marapanim river basin, located in the state of Pará, in the municipality of Marapanim, has clearly undergone several processes of environmental degradation, especially in its springs located in urban perimeters, it is evident that these have suffered a strong anthropic influence. Due to the local importance and the need for preservation of the sources, this research aims to carry out the environmental diagnosis in the sources of the Marapanim-Pará river basin, based on a proposal of a macroscopic environmental assessment and with the perception of residents around the springs, and the actors involved in the formation of the Marapanim river basin committee. Based on this, analyzes of the environmental quality of six sources of the Marapanim river basin were carried out. The diagnosis used the methodology of Gomes et al. the 2005, in which macroscopic parameters were taken into consideration for the study, including the apparent color of water, odor, trash, floating materials, vegetation, presence of oils and sewage, protection of springs, type of insertion area where they were located, proximity to residences and their uses (both by humans and by animals). In the study area, it was observed that of the six sources investigated ten points obtained a diagnosis of their macroscopic parameters of Bad and one point was characterized as Bad. As for turbidity, the most compromised source studied through this parameter was the Pirapema spring, which obtained 179 (UNT), a high degree of degradation was observed, as there is a strong occurrence of sewage discharge, as well as degradation of the riparian forest has influence of the urbanization, translated by means of disordered occupation. The perception of the people interviewed, when questioned if they identified problems with the sources, the majority (92.59%) of the interviewees, affirmed that yes. At the end of the study it was suggested the recovery of four springs and management of two of the six springs studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade da água do Rio Pericumã e sua relação com ocupação urbana em Pinheiro - MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) GOMES, João Nilson Silva; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The research was developed from September / 2015 to February / 2017 and had the objective of diagnosing and analyzing the waters of the Pericumã River in the city of Pinheiro-MA, under physico-chemical and microbiological aspects, essentially important in the characterization of water quality supply and homes. The collections were monthly at three points along the river. The analyzed parameters were: temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity. Microbiological parameters were: total coliforms, thermotolerant bacteria and Escherichia coli. According to the results obtained it is concluded that there is a seasonal variation of the water quality of the Pericumã river in the physical-chemical parameters. Brazilian urban environments are characterized by the progressive concentration of the population, configured by a disorderly and accelerated growth that causes significant impacts on the environment, with actions that are not committed to the natural, sociocultural and urban aspects of their landscapes. Above all, due to inappropriate and improper appropriations of space for urban occupations. The landscape is subject to intense environmental fragility due to significant changes in morphogenesis, as occurs in the city of Pinheiro - MA, which represents a regional center in the center of the Maranhense Bay, where about 60% of the population lives in the urban environment of the municipality. In view of this, this research has the purpose of diagnosing the areas with socioenvironmental fragilities, of floodplain areas and urban perimeter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A qualidade das águas subterrâneas da cidade de Salvaterra, Marajó - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) RIBEIRO, Ronaldo Pimentel; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The present study verified the quality of groundwater in the city of Salvaterra located in the island of Marajó-Pará. The registration of 20 wells (18 tubular and 2 amazons) was carried out in five neighborhoods of the region (Caju, Centro, Paes de Carvalho, Marabá and Coqueirinho) In order to present results about the hydrogeological characteristics, physicochemical and microbiological analyzes, the samples were collected in two seasonal periods, being in the months of April (rainy period) and November (less rainy period). The main objective of this research was to outline an overview of the groundwater situation of the 20 registered wells used by the population of Salvaterra. The hydrogeological characterization of the study area was based on the descriptive analysis of four wells with 80 meters of depth of COSANPA. The results obtained were a lithologic composite profile, a composite lithologic section, a three dimensional model of hydroestratigraphy, a section composed of the geometric aspects of aquifers, two static level diagrams and two three dimensional models of seasonality. To determine the groundwater quality, the following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrate, chloride, iron, fecal coliforms and total coliforms. For the analysis of the COSANPA water treatment system, free chlorine was included. The results obtained were compared with the potability standards, according to Ministry of Health Ordinance nº 2.914. For the interpretation of the results, 12 charts of variation of values and 12 maps of isovalues and isoteores were elaborated in the seasonal periods. The pH was considered acid with maximum value of 5.9. The hardness presented soft, moderate and hard degrees in the CaCO3 composition of the groundwater. The chemical contaminations presented in the nitrate values reached 74% of the contaminated wells in the rainy season and the iron values with high concentrations in the COSANPA wells up to 3.5 mg/L. The microbiological contaminations were manifested by the presence of fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli) and total coliforms. During the rainy season, the presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 63% of the wells studied and 89% in total coliforms. In the less rainy period, Escherichia coli and total coliforms were present in 21% and 47% of the wells respectively. The results of these analyzes confirm a higher degree of contamination of nitrate, and of fecal and total coliforms of these groundwater, prevailing in greater amounts of the rainy season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas do aquífero Barreiras: estudo de caso em Benevides - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-07-10) FREDDO FILHO, Valmor José; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397
The objective of this research was to study the groundwater quality of the free aquifer Barreiras, by means of hydrochemical characterization and classification of the chemical type of groundwater, hypothetically polluted by anthropic activities, at the municipal headquarters of Benevides - PA. The groundwater of the municipality of Benevides is an important natural resource both for domestic supply and for industrial and commercial use. The material and methods used for the development of this work consisted of: a bibliographical survey on the local and regional geology of the Amazon Basin and regional aquifers; organization and consistency of data available in the SIAGAS (Groundwater Information System) project; treatment and analysis of existing well information (definition of lithological and hydrogeological standards); registration of 43 new wells, of which 30 wells were used as monitoring wells; and systematic physico-chemical analysis of shallow groundwater during the months of March, June, August, October and December 2017. The analytical techniques adopted consist of physical-chemical measurements in situ, with the use of (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, OD, total dissolved solids, turbidity, fluoride, total iron, manganese, aluminum, barium, lead, copper, cobalt, chromium, cadmium, nickel, zinc, NaCl , Ca+2, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Cl-, SO4 -2, CO3 -, HCO3 -, NH4 + e NO3 -), which were carried out at the Evandro Chagas Institute. For the hydrochemical characterization of the waters, maps of isoteores of the elements and graphs of seasonal variations were elaborated, besides the analysis of the diagram of Piper for classification of groundwater. For the evaluation of water for human consumption was used Ordinance Nº 2914/2011, Ministry of Health. The pH ranged from 4.33 to 5.84 during the rainy season and 4.48 to 5.96 in the least rainy period. The static level variation was 0.8 to 20.4 meters in the rainy season and 1.7 to 25.34 in the less rainy period. Aluminum and lead presented maximum values of 0.515 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The electrical conductivity reached its maximum value of 195.8 μS/cm, accompanying the elevation of sodium and chloride values. Ammonium values were more significant during the rainy season, with an average value of 0.175 mg/L. The highest total iron concentration index was 1.28 mg/L. The nitrate levels found in the samples reached indices higher than allowed by the legislation in half of the samples analyzed. The hydrochemical characterization evidences a character of chlorinated sodium nature. The high concentrations of nitrate are related to anthropic activities originated by the absence of local basic sanitation and characterized by the discharge of domestic sewage and the use of black cesspits, near most wells.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas do bairro Centro do município de Marituba - PA e sua relação com as principais fontes potenciais de poluição
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) ROCHA, Ádria Lorena Galdino de Almeida; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The water crisis is one of the most important social problems of the current decade. Surface water sources are increasingly polluted and groundwater is assuming an important role in human supply. The objective of this work is to analyze the shallow groundwater quality and the geometry of the flows of these waters in the central area of the Marituba district to show their relation with the potential sources of pollution. For this purpose, nineteen groundwater samples were collected from shallow wells in the central district of the municipality of Marituba. Thirty physico-chemical parameters including fifteen heavy metals were analyzed. From the results, tables, graphs and maps of isovalores distributed in the studied area were elaborated. The analyzed waters showed physical and chemical qualities that are not recommended for human consumption. Two parameters are particularly important in this context. The pH values show that, in the rainy season, about 95% of the samples showed pH values outside the drinking water range of Ordinance 2914/11 / MS. While, for the less rainy period, 79% of the samples showed pH values outside the limits of the Ordinance. Fieldwork has shown a great lack of basic sanitation in the area and the discharge of open sewage that can interact through surface runoff with underground springs. Acidic pH values can lead to corrosion in pipes and gastric diseases in humans and are therefore not suitable for human consumption. The other parameter with content above the recommendations of Ordinance 2914/11 / MS is nitrate, with 63.15% of the analyzed samples showing values above 10mg/L. This characterizes these waters as unfit for human consumption and is interpreted as evidence of contamination by liquid effluents (mainly domestic sewage) in the surface waters that interact with the groundwater, added to the presence of septic tank and lack of basic sanitation. All this is added to a shallow static level in these areas, often less than 5 meters and sometimes sub-outcropping. The Piper diagram was constructed and it showed that these waters are characterized as calcium bicarbonated. The study of groundwater flows allowed to identify the influence of potential sources of pollution of the area, with emphasis on a chemical industry existing in the southwest sector of the area. For public supply it is suggested to construct deeper wells that exploit water from confined aquifer units. For this, an alternative water supply proposal for the population of Marituba is presented at the final cost of m³ or 1000 liters of groundwater of R $ 0.124.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas na Ilha de Cotijuba – Belém / PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) HANNA, Leila Maria Miranda; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397
The Island Cotijuba, approximately 12000 inhabitants and 60 km2, is bordered the Marajó Bay and Mamão hole. In much of the area occupied on the island, the sanitation is poor, with effluents in the soil or in cesspits, with the potential risk of contamination of groundwater, captured through shallow wells, for multiple uses, especially domestic consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of the water aquifer for human consumption; were analyzed temperature, pH, eletrical conductivity, turbidity, apparent color, total alkalinity, NH4+, N-NO3-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, total hardness, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The waters were characterized as the predominant ions and potability standards (2914/2011 / MS). Eighteen water wells were collected, with depths ranging from 4 to 33 m, held in April, August and November 2015, corresponding to the rainy season, transition and less rainy, respectively. They were measured in pH field, temperature, electrical conductivity and water level of wells. The other analyzes were performed in the laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). The topographic elevation was measured for making the Preferential direction of shallow groundwater flow map, having noticed that the central part of the island, toward, is composed of ground water recharge zone and the zone southwest (SW) is discharge area. The water is chlorinated with sodium, acidic and low mineralization, with a median of electric conductivity (EC), about 47μS / cm and pH ranging from 3.7 to 5.4; the highest levels of chemical constituents occur in the SW and northeast (NE) Island. They were obtained strong positive correlation ratios between sodium and chloride, and from ammonium and pH. Some wells showed parameters outside the potability standard, with wide variation, as the color (1 to 341 uH), turbidity (0.2 to 58.3 uT), chloride (1.06 to 255.24 mg / L Cl), iron (0.01 to 10.66 mg / L Fe) and ammonium (0.01 to 9 mg / L NH4+); total coliform occur in 67% of the transition period the samples to 100% of the rainy; E. coli was reported in 20% of samples of the rainy season and 29% of less rain. The nitrate was less than 10 mg / l NO3--N, maximum 6.9 mg / L. These values are associated with the sanitation system in situ and well built without proper techniques.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade das águas subterrâneas rasas: estudo de caso no Distrito de Icoaraci - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-12) CRESPIM, Renata da Costa e Silva; ARAÚJO, Paulo Pontes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5676640849561397
This research had as objective to analyze the quality of the groundwater in the neighborhood Parque Guajará, Icoaraci-Pa. Septic tanks were considered as potential sources of contamination, with emphasis on the detection of nitrogen compounds. The wells studied have depths ranging from 6 to 24 meters and capture water from the Barreiras aquifer. Four shallow groundwater samples were collected in 15 wells during the rainy season (january 2016 and may 2016) and less rainy (august 2016 and october 2016). The following physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analyzed: pH, chloride, sodium, electrical conductivity, nitrite, ammonium, nitrate, Escherichia coli and total coliforms. The analyzes were made at the Evandro Chagas Institute. The results were compared to the maximum values allowed by Ministry of Health Ordinance nº 2.914/11. The interpretation of the data was based on seasonal variations and isovalues maps. The bacterias Escherichia coli and total coliforms were detected in the rainy season in 33.33% and 40% of the waters, respectively. The pH ranged from 3.93 to 6.22 during the rainy season and from 3.95 to 6.42 in the less rainy season. Chloride and sodium presented maximum values of 68.46 mg/ L and 68.41 mg/ L, respectively. The electrical conductivity reached its maximum value of 527 μS/cm following the elevation of sodium and chloride values. Ammonium ranged from 0.00 mg/L to 6.01 mg/L, with maximum value in the rainy season. Nitrite was more expressive in the less rainy period, with values reaching 0,44 mg/L. Nitrate (N-NO3-) was present in all sample periods ranging from 0.91 mg/L to 64.03 mg/L. The nitrate contents found in the samples reached levels higher than allowed by legislation, being 80% and 86.67% in the rainy season (january 2016 and may 2016) and 66.67% and 80% in the less rainy season (august / 2016 and october / 2016). The nitrification process was identified in 13.33% of the sampled waters. In january / 2016 (rainy season) and august / 2016 (less rainy season) the waters presented sodium bicarbonated characteristics. To the ionic classification, in may / 2016 (rainy season) the predominance was sodium sulphated water and in october / 2016 (less rainy period), sodium chlorated water. In the research area, the high levels of nitrate in shallow groundwater were attributed to the presence of septic tanks, the absence of technical criteria for the construction of wells and the circulation of domestic animals around the wells of water catchment for human consumption.

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