SIBI! EM BREVE O RIUFPA ESTARÁ LIBERADO! AGUARDEM!

Artigos Científicos - INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2787

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 36

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Age of Eucalyptus urograndis plantations and occurrence of pest insects
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10) ANDRADE, Joana Gabriela Freitas; SÁ, Veríssimo Gibran Mendes de; SPACEK, Sara Lodi de Carvalho Spacek; GODOY, Bruno Spacek
Eucalyptus species are originally from Australia and its plantations is the major forestry activity in Brazil. The Myrtaceae family is widely represented in Brazil, enabling native insects to migrate to Eucalyptus plants. Native herbivorous insects may adapt to the species planted in monoculture with low availability of their natural host plants and natural enemies. Within this context, the differential occurrence pattern of eleven insect pests of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera orders, from 450 Eucalyptus stands of different ages recorded in 2002 to 2010 in eastern State of Minas Gerais, Brazil was evaluated. Bayesian inference was used for data analyses in hypothesis testing. The probability of occurrence of pest species was estimated using a linear multinomial model, relating their occurrence with the Eucalyptus stand age. Pest occurrence in Eucalyptus stands were linked to plant age, with younger ones being more susceptible to phytophagous insects. That association with chronological plant age may be associated with the resource exploration strategy of each group of pest insects. Thus, Eucalyptus forest management should be adapted to the temporally differential use of the stands by pest species, providing more efficient control strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Água e saúde no município de Igarapé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) SOUSA, Rafaela Sales de; FELIZZOLA, Juliana Feitosa; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; SÁ, Tatiana Deane de Abreu; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; MENEZES, Luciana Gonçalves Creão de
This article aims to analyze and understand the relationship between water and health in rural communities located in the watershed of Cumaru stream, in the municipality Igarapé-Açu, Northeast of Pará state. The harvesting and treatment of the water conducted by the rural population for human consumption were assessed, considering their practices of sanitary sewer, since these aspects have direct impact on their health. This study is based on field research with a quantitative approach. Closed questionnaire was used to raise the sources of water harvesting, rural sanitation, and use of agricultural inputs. We used participant observation, when focusing on the functioning of the agricultural establishment, to observe from various angles the relationship between water and health. We noted that the vulnerability of the water resources accessed by the population is a factor that contributes to the contamination of the sources, therefore a threat to the health of the rural population. However, the perception of the population is notable regarding deeper water sources, such as tube wells, which are priorities for water harvesting.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O amálgama floresta e agricultura na Reserva Extrativista Arióca Pruanã
(2013-06) SILVA JUNIOR, Amintas Lopes da; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires
The present study addresses the role of orchards and yards as interface between agriculture and extractivism in the Arióca Pruanã Extractivist Reserve, in the city of Oeiras, Pará state, Brazil. The agriculture depends on the forest and reconfigures it into secondary forests and orchards, as well as the forest insinuates itself into the yards as the wild plant species are therein introduced by human hands. The result of this management is the agroforestry in the landscape, visible face of the amalgam between agriculture and forest, and reproduction basis of the riparian lifestyle.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de seis testes sorológicos no diagnóstico da brucelose bubalina
(2002-04) MOLNÁR, László; MOLNÁR, Lászlóné Éva; NUNES, Emilia do Socorro Conceição de Lima; DIAS, Hilma Lúcia Tavares
Four hundred and forty buffalo sera, selected from about 1,200 blood samples of another study, were examined. The samples were tested by six serological methods: two of agglutination, two of indirect ELISA and two of competitive ELISA. To determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of different tests, animals with a positive result to competitive ELISA of the FAO/IAEA were considered as infected. The relative sensitivity of competitive ELISA, indirect ELISA with conjugate anti-bovine light chain monoclonal antibody labelled with HRPO, indirect ELISA with anti-bovine IgG conjugate, rose Bengal test and rapid slide agglutination test was 100%, 98.57%, 97.14%, 91.42% and 79.28%, and the relative specificity 99.33%, 97.33%, 95.66%, 94.00% and 86.33%, respectively. The value of the different serological tests for the diagnosis of brucellosis is discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Babaçu livre e queijo serrano: histórias de resistência à legalização da violação a conhecimentos tradicionais
(2014-06) PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; MENASCHE, Renata; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim
This article is about experiences carried out by communities whose ways of life generate and sustain traditional knowledge, in contexts of incorporation of international conventions into the Brazilian juridical system. Case studies on babaçu breaker women, in the State of Maranhão, and Serrano Cheese producers, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, reveal the meanings of the tradition imbued in the knowledge to be protected. Empirical data analyzed under juridical and anthropological perspectives elicit, in spite of the apparent progress in the legislation, threats to multiple dimensions of ways of life grounded on traditional territories. Without effective, immediate and integral application of the ILO Convention 169, current initiatives of implementation of conventions and laws related to traditional knowledge may have opposite results. We conclude that traditional communities resist illegal appropriation of their knowledge, while interested private sectors search for the support of the rule of law to legitimize plundering.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caçar, preparar e comer o ‘bicho do mato’: práticas alimentares entre os quilombolas na Reserva Extrativista Ipaú-Anilzinho (Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) FIGUEIREDO, Rodrigo Augusto Alves de; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
Hunting of wild animals has played a significant role in the physical and symbolic reproduction of rural families living in various tropical regions of the planet. Indeed, many dimensions of using cynegetic resources as a source of human food have not been sufficiently studied, yet, above all from the viewpoints of Anthropology and Ethnoecology. Such dimensions are often overlooked in biodiversity conservation interventions. This article aims to analyze the use of wild animals in feeding practices among families in the quilombola community of Joana Peres, located in the Extractive Reserve Ipaú-Anilzinho, a conservation unit within the municipality of Baião, Pará, Brazilian Amazon. We conducted the study by using Ethnoecology postulates. We highlight elements having a social and cultural nature that guide the procedures for obtaining, preparing, and eating food through the cynegetic activity. We employed the methods of participant observation and semi-structured and open interviews. We interpret data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Particularly, for each of the species mentioned we seek to calculate the index of Use Value (UV), which allows to demonstrate the degree of relative importance of locally known species. The study has shown that the cynegetic activity involves both nutritional and socio-cultural aspects, since wildlife resources provide protein and the dietary practices are permeated by various processes including habits, imaginary, sociability, taboos, and preparation modes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Campesinato, identidade e memória: os tiradores de açaí ou como colocar-se no mundo
(2014-06) SALES, Sammy Silva; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka
This paper aims think the relation between peasantry and identity concepts as from the case study of tiradores de açaí, called Monteiro family, villagers Monteiro, located in Afuá, state of Pará. The field datas were collected through participant observation and interview in 2011 and 2012. We argue that the tiradores de açaí, in situations of reflection on the present, and through their practices, by social representations and collective memory building their social identities with social processes in which they are inserted.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Carbon content in Amazonian Oxisols after forest conversion to pasture
(2009-12) SILVA JÚNIOR, Mário Lopes da; DESJARDINS, Thierry; SARRAZIN, Max; MELO, Vânia Silva de; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; SANTOS, Elaine Rodrigues; CARVALHO, Claudio Jose Reis de
Soil plays an important role in the C cycle, and substitution of tropical forest by cultivated land affects C dynamic and stock. This study was developed in an area of expansion of human settlement in the Eastern Amazon, in Itupiranga, State of Pará, to evaluate the effects of native forest conversion to Brachiaria brizantha pasture on C contents of a dystrophic Oxisol. Soil samples were collected in areas of native forest (NF), of 8 to 10 year old secondary forest (SF), 1 to 2 year old SF (P1–2), 5 to 7 year old SF (P5–7), and of 10 to 12 year old SF (P10–12), and from under pastures, in the layers 0–2, 2–5 and 5–10 cm, to evaluate C levels and stocks and carry out separation of OM based on particle size. After deforestation, soil density increased to a depth of 5 cm, with greater increase in older pastures. Variation in C levels was greatest in the top soil layer; C contents increased with increasing pasture age. In the layers 2–5 and 5–10 cm, C content proved to be stable for the types of plant cover evaluated. Highest C concentrations were found in the silt fraction; however, C contents were highest in the clay fraction, independent of the plant cover. An increase in C associated with the sand fraction in the form of little decomposed organic residues was observed in pastures, confirming greater sensitivity of this fraction to change in soil use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ciência, cientistas e democracia desfigurada: o caso Belo Monte
(2011-06) MORAL HERNÁNDEZ, Francisco del; MAGALHÃES, Sônia Barbosa
The hydroelectric frontier in the Amazon is expanding due to the construction of large projects such as Santo Antonio and Jirau in the Madeira River, proposed projects in the Tapajós River, and Belo Monte in the big bend of the Xingu River (licensed in February 2010). Large projects that generate energy in the Amazon region provoke political, social, and environmental confl icts. These confl icts affect the credibility of the Environmental Licensing Evaluation process. Discourse from social groups that oppose development policies for the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam project offer insight into the origins and progression of these confl icts. Criticisms of the Experts Panel Network created to analyze the Environmental Impact Assessment in Belo Monte and other sectors of the society are evaluated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição bromatológica e cinética da fermentação ruminal de rações contendo resíduos de babaçu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03) SOUSA, Luciano Fernandes; MACEDO JUNIOR, Gilberto de Lima; SANTOS, Rogério Pereira dos; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; BORGES, Iran
The objective of the experiment was to demonstrate the bromatological composition, and evaluate the fermentation kinetics and effective ruminal degradability in vitro, using the "Hohenheim Gas Test" technique, of babassu mesocarp flour I® and II® (FMBI and FMBII) and of feeds at different levels of inclusion. Two trials were carried out: one of pure byproducts and corn, and another of feeds with inclusions of FMBI and FMBII in the following proportions: 0, 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5% of the total dry matter. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with six blocks in the first trial and five in the second. Measurement times for the gases produced were 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The FMBI and FMBII flours showed different bromatological composition for the fibre components (FDN, FDA and Lignin). The FMBI and FMBII flours also showed patterns for fermentation kinetics inferior to the fermentation patterns of corn grain. Increasing the ratio of FMBI and FMBII in the feed reduces gas production for time of incubation. In view of the above, it can be said that mesocarp flours I and II, despite being sources of starch, did not present ruminal fermentation similar to corn grain, the standard source of starch.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidades tradicionais em áreas litorâneas da Amazônia: estudo sobre desenvolvimento local em Vila Mota, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04) PINHEIRO, José Olenilson Costa; DARNET, Laura Angélica Ferreira
The paper presents the socioeconomic dimension in Vila Mota, municipality of Maracanã, state of Pará, and its repercussion in the local development process, understood as the fulfillment of basic human needs. Vila Mota is a community of traditional fishing located in the Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Maracanã (marine extractive reserve). The conditions of life in this community were observed and analyzed according to some indicators that make up the Human Development Index (HDI) and its variants. Limiting and enhancer factors for local development were also identified. The survey was carried out in 2007 and took into account 72 families representing 48% of the total available. The results indicated that housekeeping was impaired in families that have developed small-scale fishing as the only productive activity, given that the monetary income for 62.5% of these families was less than a minimum wage. The conditions of education and natural resources were enhancer factors to the development, although the most part of inhabitants did not know the purposes of the marine reserve. The absence of a cooperative culture, the lack of a structure for production, transportation and marketing, and the disability of health services were evidences of a low capacity for socio-political organization, with direct impact on local development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Conservação do sêmen e liquefação do coágulo seminal de macaco-prego (Cebus apella) em água de coco em pó (ACP-118®), em diferentes temperaturas
(2010-03) OLIVEIRA, Karol Guimarães; CASTRO, Paulo Henrique Gomes de; MUNIZ, José Augusto Pereira Carneiro; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza
The aim of this study was to evaluate the powdered coconut water (PCW) in the semen conservation and seminal clot liquefaction. The semen of six adult male Cebus apella was collected by electroejaculation (EEJ), diluted in ACP-118® extender and stayed in water bath at 33, 35 and 37°C for 24 hours. The sperm integrity was evaluated by eosin-nigrosine staining every one hour during the six initial hours and after 24 hours of incubation. The average volumes and sperm concentrations of clotted and liquid fractions were 0.20±0.02 and 0.20±0.10mL, 1.1±0.3x108 and 1.3±0.9x107 sperm mL-1, respectively. Immediately after collection, only in a sample of liquid fraction was observed 20% motility and vigor 4, which stopped after 40 minutes. Most of the clot was liquefied in ACP-118® after 12 hours of incubation. The best observed treatment was 33°C, because it kept 47±12.8% of sperm integrity after 24 hours. It was concluded that the PCW extender is effective in the liquefaction of seminal clot and maintenance of sperm viability 24 hours after the EEJ at 33, 35 and 37°C.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cultivo de larvas de Ucides cordatus (LINNAEU, 1763) sob diferentes intensidades luminosas
(2014-10) COTTENS, Kelly Ferreira; SILVA, Ubiratã de Assis Teixeira da; VENTURA, Robson; RAMOS, Fabrício Menezes; OSTRENSKY, Antonio
Ucides cordatus is an edible crab species typical of Brazilian mangroves, and traditionally represents an important economic resource for many coastal populations. The present study investigated the influence of light intensity on the survival and rate of larval development of U. cordatus. Three different levels of luminosity were evaluated: 710 (Light), 210 Lux (Shaded) and 1 Lux (Dark), both in individual and collective cultivation conditions. Significant differences were found for survival of zoea larvae under the different light intensities (P<0.05). The greatest survival rates as well as rates of ecdysis to the megalopa stage were obtained under Light conditions (42% in collective cultures and 30% in individual cultures). In Dark conditions events of metamorphosis to megalopa stage was observed only in 16% of collective cultures and 7% of individual cultures. The result indicates that low light intensities may negatively affect larval survivorship during U. cordatus larval cultivations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de maçãs (Malus Domestica Borkh.) nas feiras de produtores de Nova Iorque
(2013-06) GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; MING, Lin Chau; MENEZES, Maria de Nazaré Angelo
Visiting local growers fairs of New York City during a year, ranging from June, 2008 to May, 2009, a significative number of apple varieties was verified, demonstrating one particular aspect of plant diversity. Offered in Summer with great availability, is in Autumn and Winter that intraspecific diversity can be observed, crossing all seasonal periods. More than four hundred of plant species were verified in the market, choosing apple as one of more evident to analysis of diversity, once it is offered in 65 cultivars in fairs of the State to which the fruit gives the nickname. They represent a kind of diversity that goes beyond the concept of speciali7ation which is usually attributed to agriculture in developed country. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the genetic diversity and use of apples that are expressed in commercial activities in the streets and squares of New York City.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversificação dos sistemas produtivos familiares: reflexões sobre as relações sociedade-natureza na Amazônia Oriental
(2011-12) OLIVEIRA, Myriam Cyntia Cesar de; ALMEIDA, Jalcione; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos
This article weaves some reflections on the relations society-nature in the Amazon region from the changes for the diversification that is taking place in the south-east from Pará. Leaving from a glance on the ways of the agriculture, it was tried to situate like the types of relations with nature they infl uenced the forms of exploration adopted in the region and what these changes mean in terms of the relations between farmers and the natural environment. The text discusses the principal elements and motivations that are in the constitution of this process of diversification, establishing a relation of the same thing with the capacity of adaptation and with the change of projects of the farmers in the sense of the permanence. In this sense, it seems to this change to illustrate the existence of the same process of relative stabilization of the farmers, already identified in other frontiers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do avortado ao comprado: práticas alimentares e a segurança alimentar da comunidade quilombola do baixo Acaraqui, Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04) NASCIMENTO, Elcio Costa do; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz
This research presents the analysis of different strategies of Food and Nutritional Security (SAN) developed by the families of the Quilombola Community of baixo Acaraqui, Abaetetuba, Pará. The community is facing changes in their eating habits due the reduction of natural resources (hunting animals, fish and shrimps), decrease of the area for agricultural production and increase of the commercial value of production. Using a qualitative approach and the following procedures: participant observation, semi-structured interviews, photographic record, itemized lists and workshops on eating habits, we investigated the community and their production and food practices. We observed a higher specialization of production, decreasing the diversity of local production and of the families’ self-sufficiency; increasing in the importance of extraction of açaí as an income generator; substitution of natural products (natural juices, teas) for industrial products (coffee, soda); increase in purchasing power, stimulated both by market trades and the social benefits received (bolsa família, pension and seguro defeso). This reality has significantly influenced the production practices and eating habits of the local families, interfering with production decisions and food acquisition, making families dependent on trade and income generation in order to ensure the SAN of the quilombola families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Does body size of neotropical ant species influence their recruitment speed?
(2013-03) GODOY, Bruno Spacek; CAMARGOS, Lucas Marques de
Ants are one of the most important animal groups in tropical forests because of its abundance and number of species. An important characteristic of the group is the eusociality, which allows the occurrence of a recruitment behavior when food resource is found. However, there are two main questions regarding this behavior: (i) the recruitment is a product of environmental or phylogenetic pressures, and (ii) the recruitment speed is related to the body size of the ant species. In this work we addressed these two questions using 17 species of neotropical ants, in the Amazonic lowland dense rain forest. According to results, recruitment behavior is related to ant size, where smaller species exhibit this trait when finding a protein resource. However, species size is not important in recruitment speed, which suggests that speed can be best explained by the type of food resources needed in the ant colony.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Each person has a science of planting: plants cultivated by quilombola communities of Bocaina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06) SANTOS, Thais Aparecida Coelho dos; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra
(Each person has a science of planting: plants cultivated by quilombola communities of Bocaina, Mato Grosso State, Brazil). The objective of this study was to record the most important vegetal resources in the life of the quilombolas of Bocaina, emphasizing the practices of agrobiodiversity management. We used semi-strutured and informal interviews, free list, and participant observation. For records, we used a field diary, photos, and recordings. For analysis, we performed calculations of absolute and relative frequencies, linear regression analysis to verify relations between age and species richness, Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), and diversity profile. We recorded a total of 180 species, of which, the most cited plants were food crops cultivated in backyards and clearings. Ninety-seven medicinal species used for various diseases were recorded. The most common form of use is leaf tea. We verified that the plants management is of agroecological character favoring biodiversity maintenance. We concluded that the Community, by means of its traditional knowledge, performs agroecological management of the plants, promoting food security for its family and conservation of genetic resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Effect of copaiba essential oil on broiler chickens' performance
(2013-06) AGUILAR, César Augusto López; LIMA, Kedson Raul de Souza; MANNO, Maria Cristina; TAVARES, Fernando Barbosa; SOUZA, Vanessa Pereira de; FERNANDES NETO, Dário Lisboa
The effects of copaiba essential oil on growth performance and yield of slaughtered broilers were evaluated. Four hundred and fifty broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments, and six replicates of 15 broiler chicks. Treatments comprised Control (commercial promoter) and four levels of copaiba essential oil, or rather, 0.15 (0.15EO); 0.30 (0.30EO); 0.45 (0.45EO) and 0.60 mL (0.60EO) kg-1feed. The 21-day-old broilers fed on growth promoter had a greater body weight than that of birds fed on treatments with inclusion 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 mL of essential oil (p < 0.05). Aged 40 days, only the broilers fed on treatment with high level of inclusion of essential oil showed lower body weight when compared with those fed on treatment with growth promoter (p < 0.05). Feed intake, feed conversion, viability of broilers, carcass yield, commercial cuts and weight of the internal organs were not affected by treatments (p > 0.05). The efficiency of productive index decreases in proportion to the increase of copaiba essential oil inclusion level. Copaiba essential oil may be included in the diet up to 0.15 mL kg-1level without affecting the performance of broiler chickens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estabelecimento a campo de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis micorrizadas com Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116) em solo arenoso
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-06) MELLO, Andréa Hentz de; ANTONIOLLI, Zaida Inês; KAMINSKI, João; SOUZA, Eduardo Lorensi de; SCHIRMER, Guilherme Karsten; MACHADO, Rafael Goulart; LUPATINI, Manoeli; MORO JÚNIOR, Carlos
The aim of this work was to evaluate the survival and the initial growth of mycorrhizated eucalypts with Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116) ectomycorrhizal fungus, after its transplant to area subject to the arenization process in São Francisco de Assis, RS. The area was divided into four blocks, each one with four treatments (fertile turf with and without mycorrhizae, Quartzarenic Neosoil with and without mycorrhizae). Each parcel was composed of 16 seedlings arranged in four lines in the spacing of 1,5 m x 1,5 m, totalizing in each block 64 seedlings. 90 days after the planting in the field, the eucaliptus seedlings produced in turf with fungus in the fertile substratum presented a survival rate of 100 %, whereas for those produced in fertile turf without fingi, the survival rate was 92 %. The seedlings produced in the Quartzarenic Neosoil with and without mycorrhizae had a survival rate varying around 98 and 89 %, respectively. The produced seedlings with turf and fungus showed significant differences in height and stem diameter. This study showed that the Eucalyptus grandis seedlings produced in substratum fertile turf and inoculated with the Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116) isolated may maintain good development and establishment in the field.