Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química - PPGEQ/ITEC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2308

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química (PPGEQ) do Insituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). Sendo aprovado pela CAPES / MEC em 1991, foi oficialmente iniciado em março de 1992.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Absorção de gases da queima de combustíveis fósseis em torre de recheio estruturado utilizando lama vermelha
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-11) SANTOS, Iara Ferreira; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0800747860976046
The production of alumina from the Bayer process produces 1-3 tons of waste per ton of aluminum. This residue is known red mud, compound of minerals insoluble in concentrated sodium hydroxide, hematite and other iron oxides, quartz and titanium oxides. The red mud has in its composition varied levels of NaOH, depending on the specific industrial plant used. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the process of absorption of gases from a boiler countercurrent with a suspension of red mud, in a spray tower and a packed column. Experiments were performed varying the type of absorption tower, temperature of the liquid phase and solids content in liquid phase to evaluate the reduction in content of gases of combustion in the output of absorption tower and pH variation with time of operation, it was possible to identify the time required for the occurrence of red mud neutralization, and also a reduction in the content of carbon dioxide, thereunto were performed measurements of the concentrations of gasesin the input and output packed column, and also measurements of temperature and pH. The absorption of CO2 existing in the gases of combustion for suspension of red mud occurs by the carbonation process, where the gas reacts with NaOH present in red mud, with water as catalyst. The results obtained after the experiments were satisfactory, and it was concluded that the process performed in absorption towers is efficient for pH reduction of red mud and reducing the content of CO2 freed to atmosphere, providing a double profit for the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Absorção do dióxido de carbono por resíduo de bauxita em torres de absorção
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-04) BOTELHO, Fernando Aracati; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
One of the most discussed environmental problems on the world scene today is global warming and its implications. Although the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon, the increase in emissions of gases such as CO2 from the combustion process may favor its aggravation. Following this line, there is interest in conducting research to minimize the release of this gas in the atmosphere. This work aims to study the process of absorption of carbon dioxide by aqueous phase of bauxite residue (soda and dissolved ions in solution) in spray tower and tower saddles random (both pilot scale), as well as check the pH change in this absorption process to both towers. Evaluate pH change and CO2 absorption capacity by considering the following variables: the type of absorption tower, using the supernatant as the absorbent means and the use of the suspension heated by resistances. The results showed that the suspension of bauxite residue absorbed significant amount of CO2, both the spray tower as the tower saddles. The average absorption rate was around 8.42% for the spray tower and 9.34% for the tower saddles. The ability carbonating the suspension of 27%-p was about 33.3 kg CO2 per tonne of waste and there was a substantial reduction of the alkalinity of the residue by reaction with gaseous effluents with a mean decrease of 4.0 and 3.5 pH units for the tower saddles and sprinkler respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético em carvão ativado granular de resíduos de buriti (mauritia flexuosa l.): estudo em batelada e leito fixo. Orientador: Lênio José Guerreiro de Faria. 2024. 135 f.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-27) ARAÚJO, Raíssa Cristine Santos de; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173
Pesticides, when applied responsibly, are essential for agricultural productivity, however, depending on their dosage or frequency of exposure, they can cause numerous problems for human health, in addition to the contamination of soil and surface or underground water. Following this problem, this manuscript aimed to evaluate the adsorption of the herbicide 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using physically activated granular carbon (CAT) and chemically activated granular carbon with ZnCl2 (CAQ) produced from the endocarp and endosperm of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.), typical fruit from the Amazon region. The adsorbents were characterized in terms their textural and physicochemical properties through the percentage of ash, moisture, specific surface area (SBET), pore volume (Vtotal), by SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA/DTA, the surface functional groups, point of zero charge (pHPCZ) and the surface pH of the carbon. Batch adsorption tests were carried out to elucidate the influence of activated carbon dosage and the effect of solution pH. The adsorption mechanisms and the nature of the process were investigated by studying the kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics for the coal with the highest performance. The best results for adsorbate removal percentage were CAT (96.93%) and CAQ (92.46%) and the adsorption capacity CAT (29.00 mg.g-1 ) and CAQ (137.70 mg.g -1 ) within 24 hours, pH 2.0 and dosage of 0.25 g of CAT and 0.05 g of CAQ. The CAQ adsorbent showed superior results in removal and adsorption capacity, with its kinetics fitting the pseudo-second order model, with external diffusion being the determining stage of the adsorption process. The isotherms were satisfactorily fitted to the Sips model. The thermodynamic data revealed the endothermic, physical and spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption on fixed bed confirmed that the adsorvent mass, concentration of solution and the inlet flow were influent in the adsorption process, highlighting the efficiency of simultaneous optimization tecnic, within the experimental region explored in this work. Both interactions showed that the charcoals produced present high yield, with the development of pores and surface groups, and excellent performance in removing the 2,4-D herbicide, promising substitutes for commercial carbons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de corantes básicos empregados na indústria têxtil por argila: cinética e perfil de equílibrio
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-14) AZEVEDO, Luiz Eduardo Chaves de; VIEIRA, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6611289393148830; CARVALHO, Samira Maria Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6192858937057152
In this work, the adsorption of textile basic dyes by clay was studied in aqueous solutions and batch system. Clay was obtained from Icoaraci, metropolitan region of Belém, Pará (Brazil) and was used without treatment (A-BRU) and treated by sedimentation (A-TRA). The basic dyes studies were: Basic Yellow 28, Basic Blue 26 (Blue Victory), Basic Yellow 02 (Auramine), Basic Red 01 (Rhodamine 6G) and Basic Orange 02. The clays were characterized by chemical (CTC and charge density), physical (particle size analysis, SBET and He picnometry), thermal (ATG and DTA), mineralogical and morphological analyses (XRD, SEM/EDS and FTIR). Adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate affinity between dyes and clays (qualitative test), initial concentration and pH effects of the dye solutions. The adsorption kinetics data were analyzed by theoretical models. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from adsorption equilibrium data at different temperatures. The concentration of clay particles in the A-TRA increased 100% after sedimentation. In the clay composition minerals as quartzo, kaolinite and illite /muscovite were identified. The SBET increased from the 22.38 m².g-1 (A-BRU) to 33.02 m².g-1 (A-TRA). Significant differences between the values of density and total pore volume of the clays were not observed. Comparatively, the CTC value of the A-TRA increased 300%. The clay surfaces are predominantly negatives, according to the charge density results (Q). There were no significant differences between the thermal analysis results of the samples. From the adsorption affinity tests the more reactive dyes were the Basic Yellow 2 (BY2) and Basic Blue 26 (BB26) and the adsorbent with improved performance was A-TRA. The adsorption kinetics data were well fitted by pseudo-second order (BY2/A-TRA) and intraparticle diffusion models (A-TRA/BB26). The adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted by Langmuir (BY2/A-TRA) and Freundlich (A-TRA/BB26) models. The parameters of the mathematic models indicated that the adsorption is favorable. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption processes investigated are spontaneous and endothermic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de cromo hexavalente por carvão ativado granulado comercial na presença de surfactante aniônico (LAS)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-22) SILVA, Maria Vitória Roma da; CARVALHO, Samira Maria Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6192858937057152
The hexavalent chromium removal from solutions of anionic surfactant (LAS) by granular activated carbon (GAC) commercial was studied. At CAG characterization was used ASTM standard method (Sauter mean diameter, dDMS e pH) and method BET (S, specific surface area). Adsorbent surface group and PCZ were determined by the method of Boehm and potentiometric titration, respectively. The adsorbent characterization results: dDMS=2.4 mm, pH=9.0,S=677.4 m²/g; basic groups (70%) compared with the acidic groups and PCZ in the range (4.8 – 8.6). Tests of adsorption of the surfactant LAS were carried out in shaker (140 rpm/24 h./27ºC), 2.0 g CAG/50 mL, the LAS concentration were determined by methylene blue standard method. The removal results versus initial concentration and removal versus time of all LAS concentrations were more than 99%. The adsorption of Cr(VI) (5 – 20 mg/L) were carried out in thermostatic bath (140 rpm/27ºC); 2,0 g CAG/50 mL; 1 and 24 hours of processing; without and with addition of surfactant (70, 140, 210, 280, 350, 533 and 700 mg/L). The initial e residual concentrations of metal were determined by 1,5-diphenylcarbazide colorimetric method. The metal removal without the addition of LAS was not satisfactory values were obtained, around 15%. The metal removal with surfactant reached values, around 70% to the lowest metal concentration (5 mg/L) and between (58-65%) for the other concentrations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de CU2+ em alumina de transição obtida a partir da mistura de gibbsita e hidróxido de alumínio gel
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09-30) PINHEIRO, Darllan do Rosário; MARTELLI, Marlice Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1213009262936026
Alumina is one of the most important oxides in the ceramic industry, being used mainly in the form of calcined alumina or fused applied, among other ways, as adsorbent material. In this work is a transition alumina production method from a mixture of gibbsite, from the Bayer process, gel and aluminum hydroxide, from the reaction of aluminum sulfate and ammonium hydroxide targeting the application as an adsorbent material for removing Cu2 + in aqueous solution. Adsorption conditions including contact time and pH were investigated. Assays were carried out at 30 ° C and 50 ° C, in which 1 g of alumina produced was subjected to contact with 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing Cu2 +. The concentrations of the aqueous solutions employed were 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2000 ppm copper sulphate solution. The characterization of copper sulfate solutions was performed in UV spectrophotometry and characterization of the material produced was carried out by XRD, EDX and BET surface area. Evaluated the contact time to achieve the adsorption equilibrium which is optimized time 15 min. The effect of pH on the adsorption shows that the adsorption temperature increases there is an increased pH compared with the pH of the initial solution of copper sulfate. The isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich had satisfactory results for adsorption, and the Langmuir isotherm that better fits the adsorption data. Through the equilibrium isotherms it was found that the material produced has adsorption capacity for Cu2 + ion.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção monocomponente e binária de antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (Ibuprofeno e Diclofenaco) do meio aquoso por carvão ativado de resíduos da castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-12) SILVA, João Paulo Sousa da; VIEIRA, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6611289393148830; CARVALHO, Samira Maria Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6192858937057152
Emerging contaminants (ECs) present in low concentrations have caused damage to water bodies. This study investigated the single-component and binary adsorption of sodium ibuprofen (IBU) and diclofenac (DIC) using activated carbon (AC) produced from Brazil nut shells. The single-component adsorption process of IBU and DIC by AC was denoted as (AC_IBU and AC_DIC), and the binary adsorption process was denoted as (AC_IBU+DIC). The AC was synthesized by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as the activating agent. The AC was characterized through physical, chemical, and textural analyses, including moisture content, ash content, yield, Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), surface pH, point of zero charge (pHPZC), Boehm titration, and nitrogen (N2) adsorption/desorption at 77 K. The AC presented moisture and ash contents of 8.62% and 4.2%, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the AC, while FT-IR, surface pH, and pHPZC analyses indicated its acidic nature. The specific surface area (SBET) of the AC was 1,383.624 m².g-1 , with a predominance of micropores (VMIC=77.88%). From the analysis of the Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), the experimental conditions for the kinetic and equilibrium adsorption tests were defined for single-component adsorption: (i) IBU (pH = 6.1; initial adsorbate concentration, C0 = 50 mg.L-1 ; adsorbent dosage, DA = 0.5 g.L-1 ) and (ii) DIC (pH = 5.5; C0 = 50 mg.L-1 ; DA = 0.5 g.L-1 ). In the single-component adsorption kinetics study, the pseudofirst-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models resulted in the best fits to the experimental data for the AC_IBU and AC_DIC adsorption processes, respectively, and external mass transfer was the rate-controlling step of the processes. In the singlecomponent adsorption equilibrium study, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, DubininRadushkevich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were investigated. The Sips and Freundlich models showed the best correlations for AC_IBU and AC_DIC, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters calculated from the adsorption isotherms showed that the AC_IBU and AC_DIC processes are spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic. The CCRD, the experimental conditions for the binary adsorption kinetics and equilibrium tests were defined: (i) AC_IBU+DIC (C0IBU = 50 mg.L -1 ; C0DIC = 50 mg.L-1 ; DA= 0.5 g.L-1 ). Binary adsorption indicated, through the calculation of the separation factor parameter, that the adsorption preference order by the adsorbent is IBU > DIC, and the interaction between the adsorbates was antagonistic. In the binary adsorption process, the PSO model was well fitted to the experimental kinetics data of IBU and DIC; the intraparticle diffusion (IPD) kinetic models and the Boyd equation were correlated with the experimental data, and external mass transfer was the rate-controlling step of the adsorption processes. The isotherms of binary adsorption (AC_IBU+DIC) at different temperatures (26 ºC, 45 ºC, and 55 ºC) showed inflection points, and after these inflection points, there was an increase in the adsorption capacity values of AC (qe). The qe values of binary adsorption (AC_IBU+DIC) were lower than the qe values of the singlecomponent adsorption processes of the adsorbates IBU and DIC. The reduction percentages of the qe values were approximately 35% to 48% for IBU and about 52% to 53% for DIC.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise experimental da secagem do corante hidrossolúvel de urucum (Bixa orellana L.) em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-15) SILVA, Adriano Gomes Paixão da; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9998; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796
The water-soluble dye annatto norbixin salt is mainly used in the pharmaceuticals industry, cosmetics and especially in industrial food sector in breads, sausages, yogurts, confectionery, pasta, cheese, sandwich cookies, juice concentrates and others. The low toxicity and its coloring ability make the annatto norbixin salt a very attractive and convenient dye, replacing many synthetic dyes. These characteristics encourage to seek ways to facilitate the use of natural dyes in the various segments of industry, as well as promoting research about obtaining in order to get a product with the desired characteristics and qualities. This work it is carried out experimental analysis of water soluble dye drying annatto (Bixa orellana L.) in spouted bed, using cassava starch as a carrier agent and particles of low-density poliestileno (LDPE) as an inert material. The extraction of the dye was carried out by immersion and agitation of annatto seeds in 5% potassium hydroxide solution. It is statistically evaluated the influence of the drying process input variables, temperature (70, 80 and 90 ° C), atomization pressure (10, 15 and 20 psi), and atomization of the suspension flow (10, 7 and 8.5 mL/min) one the response variables: efficiency (η), moisture content (U) and norbixin salt content of the dye powder (S), using Statistica®7.0 application. The estimate of the optimum condition of drying within the analyzed experimental area is determined based on the input variables applying the concept of global desirability. The conditions in this work, it was reached a optimum value of Desirability Function considered as very good and that matches the temperature of the drying air 82.6 °C, atomization pressure of 13.7 psi and flow of suspension dye 10 ml / min, generating satisfactory values for the response variables corresponding to 71.69 % yield, 0.06161 g H2O/g dry solids of moisture and 2.3605 % dye of norbixin salt powder.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise experimental do comportamento fluidodinâmico e da secagem de sementes de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.) em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-09-30) SANTANA, Elza Brandão; PINTO, Cláudio Roberto Orofino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4833991906165550; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796
Flaxseed is the seed of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) is polymorphic native flax, and is considered one of the six plants currently recognized by the National Cancer Institute of the United States (U.S. National Cancer Institute - NCI) for their properties specific anti-cancer. Part of this recognition should be the remarkable characteristic of being the richest source of lignin precursors (vegetable steroid action analogous to the mammalian estrogen) in the human diet. The variety used in this work was the "Linseed" brown and objective of this study was to analyze the fluid-dynamics of spouted bed. The fluid-dynamics was defined by the measurements of the bed pressure drop as a function of the flow rate for different seeds loads, so getting information to determine parameters related to the process, such as: minimum spouting velocity, maximum pressure drop, stable spout pressure drop and minimum spouted pressure drop. These values were compared with the values obtained by empirical equations found in the literature. It was also studied the drying of raw material, through a full factorial design 22 with com three central point and the statistical analysis of the results were realized and the effects of independent variables spouting air temperature (Tg) and time (t) on the responses humidity ratio (Xr, adim.), germination (G, %) and germination speed index (GSI, t-1) were evaluated. The optimal operational point was determined as function of the entrance variables applying the concept of global desirability. The kinetics of drying was performed at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65 °C, and the Midilli et al. model showed the best fitting to the experimental data. For the fluid-dynamic parameters showed that the correlation of Gorshtein and Mukhlenov (1965) showed the lowest deviations for minimum spouted pressure drop and pressure drop in the steady spouted, Abdelrazek (1969) showed the smallest deviation to the minimum spouting velocity and Pallai and Németh (1969) described adequately the maximum pressure drop. It was observed that the mass of seeds processed and air-spouted temperature exerted a significant influence on fluid-dynamic. Based on the statistical analysis of experimental noticed that all variable Tg e t are statistically significant for the responses: humidity ratio, germination and germination speed index, proposing models representative of these parameters with the presence of curvature, obtaining the coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 99 %.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento da torta de dendê (elaeis guineenses) para a produção do acetato de celulose
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-17) MORAES JUNIOR, Elio Ferreira de; ALMEIDA, Ossalin de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7040173036131516; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-3895-0952; CHAVES NETO, Antônio Maia de Jesus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3507474637884699; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-3512
This work aimed to produce cellulose acetate (CA) from in natura palm kernel pie (TD) it was subjected to different chemical treatments: bleaching (TDB), alkaline (TDA) and alkaline followed by bleaching (TDAB). The CA was obtained from the different materials by homogeneous acetylation in the mass ratios: 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15 (acetic acid), 1:15 (acetic anhydride) and 1:0.1 (sulfuric acid). Reactions were carried out at room temperature under constant stirring (120 rpm, 24 h). The characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C-NMR) techniques. The degree of substitution (GS) was determined by titration with 0.25 mol.L-1 sodium hydroxide solution, being confirmed by FTIR and 1H and 13C NMR with different GS. The CA synthesized from the combination of pre-treatments presented DS of 2.81 (TDAB5), 3.02 (TDAB10) and 3.07 (TDAB15), being, therefore, it characterized as cellulose triacetate, corresponding to the yield values (m/m) of 50.45%, 65.5% and 97.21%. By analyzing the results, TDAB15 was the best condition for obtaining cellulose acetate from palm kernel cake.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos da mandiocaba (Manihot esculenta Crantz) para o desenvolvimento de bioadsorventes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-10) DIAS, Rafael Silva; MARTELLI, Marlice Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1213009262936026; BRASIL, Davi do Socorro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0931007460545219; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-7306
The chemical contamination of water by dyes resulting from the disposal of industrial effluents triggered the need to develop technologies to remove such pollutants. Occurring naturally in the Amazon region, cassava differs from other cassava varieties in that it has high humidity and low starch yield. As part of a project on cassava technologies, this study analyzed the best conditions for the production of activated carbon from cassava solid waste for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to determine the optimal production conditions. First, a physical-chemical analysis of the precursors was carried out, then 30 coal samples were produced according to the experimental plan. The maximum adsorbed amount and percentage of removal were determined under finite bath conditions, at a concentration of 120 mg/L and with 0.01 g of coal sample. The best conditions of temperature, acid concentration and heat contact time were observed at 600 ºC, 25 % and 3 h for peel and 600 ºC, 10.2 % and 3 h for pulp. These samples were subjected to physical-chemical and morphological characterization analyzes using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. For the adsorption kinetics tests, the models that best fitted the experimental data were intraparticle diffusion for shell and pulp coals, and for the adsorption equilibrium tests, the Freundlich and Langmuir models best fitted the experimental data for shell and pulp, respectively. Analysis of the adsorbents reveals a lower concentration of functional groups, however, in the pulp adsorbent, the loss of functional groups related to groups containing oxygen can be observed, which may help explain the lower adsorption capacity observed for pulp adsorbents. The activated carbons produced from the solid residues of cassava roots (pulp and peel) showed that, under the conditions used in this work, they can be applied as effective bioadsorbents in the removal of methylene blue in aqueous solution.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Argila caulinita da região norte do Brasil: caracterização e aplicação como adsorvente de compostos orgânicos (btx) e oxiânions de cromo hexavalente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-26) MIRANDA, Edgar de Souza; VIEIRA, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6611289393148830; CARVALHO, Samira Maria Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6192858937057152
Clays have a high technical-economic viability for diverse industrial applications. In certain regions of State of Pará, clays are abundant and their extraction occurs intensively, usually used in manufactures of ceramic artifacts. The use of modified clays as adsorbents in the remediation of contaminated water has been the subject of several studies. In this work, a kaolinite characterization and its application as adsorbent in the form "in natura" heat treated in the adsorption of BTX and after modification of its surface by catônico surfactant (HDTMA-Br) was studied, as adsorbent of hexavalent chromium oxyanions. In the study of adsorption of chromium (VI) a factorial design (DCCR) was used, applying variables such as pH and concentrations of surfactant. The clay from Icoaraci District (PA) was classified by sieving, as (NBR 7181). Fractions "in natura" (FR-NAT) and modified (FR-ORG) and (FR-TR), with particles smaller than 44 m and the modified materials were submitted to analysis: x- ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence, ATG/DTA, electron microscopy (SEM), determination of surface area (SBET), mercury porosimetry, CTC and pH (pcz). The composition of the clay material were identified: quartz, kaolinite and illite/muscovite (I/M); SiO2 (59.6%) and Al2O3 (17.5%). The property values of: 21.8 SBET m2/g; pore size distribution in the mesopore and macropore region; CTC 17 (meq/100 g) and pHPCZ value equal to 4.3. The analyzes of ATG/DTA samples of organoclays showed that there was loading the clay surface by surfactant (HDTMA-Br). Samples thermally modified natural clay and showed no affinity for organic compounds (BTX). In the study of the adsorption of hexavalent chromium, a factorial design (CCRD) based on pH and concentration of surfactant was used. The adsorption of hexavalent chromium by natural clay was not satisfactory, but the chemically modified clay reached satisfactory values. From the statistical analysis of the adsorption data, only the concentration of cationic surfactant produced statistically significant effects in removing the adsorbate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ativação alcalina para a produção de geopolímeros a partir de resíduo industrial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-02) BRITO, Woshington da Silva; SOUZA, José Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157348947425968
The sustainable construction of the future, and has low energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions must also adopt the principle of reuse of wastes impacting the environment generated by the productive chain. The aluminum production chain has as one of the leading waste impact on the environment the gray generation. The present study focused on the research and development of a cement-based material. Refers to an inorganic polymer, formed by the activation of amorphous aluminosilicates (Al2O3. SiO2), which react in a strongly alkaline medium, called geopolymer. As a raw material furnace fly ash, mineral residue from the combustion of the boilers of the company of the municipality of Barcarena-PA; As a source of aluminosilicate, and the kaolin that underwent the process of burning at 800 ºC that became metakaolin; And the alkaline medium of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), used as activators. As fly ash partially crystallizes during burning and loses some of its amorphous state, so are its reactive properties to chemically combine during the geopolymerization reaction are reduced. To increase reactive properties of fly ash and added metakaolin. As the main analyzes, no X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (FRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. Tests of resistance to compression of the traces in the hardened state were also carried out and the rheological test of the geopolymer was carried out at the start of the reaction in the fresh state. For Davidovits ratios in the range of 2.5 to 3.23, the best geopolymers with compressive strength were obtained reaching 25 MPa in 24 hours of cure. For 60 days of cure at room temperature the geopolymers reached a resistance of 45, 36 MPa. The research carried out through the characterization analysis of the samples and the mechanical and rheological tests were presented in a satisfactory way and demonstrated that the residues of fly ash and metakaolin, when activated with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide, are an alternative for the possible application of Geopolymer materials in construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da formação zeolítica em sínteses com diferentes proporções de Si/Al via processo hidrotermal a partir de caulim durp (flint)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-23) FERREIRA, Aline Lopes; PINHEIRO, Alice dos Prazeres; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6671972168040423; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
The zeolite synthesis is composed of several reactional factors, in which changing a condition can significantly modify the intensity trend of the zeolite crystals or even the type of zeolite formed. In this context, this work aims to explore the change in the Si/Al ratio in different time periods and analyze the formed product. Initially, the characterization of hard kaolin was carried out through FRX, DRX, MEV, TG, DTG and DSC analyses. Subsequently, the hard kaolin was calcined at 650 °C for 2 hours, with the aim of transforming the starting material into metakaolinite, facilitating the restructuring into zeolite in the reaction medium of the dynamic hydrothermal process. Altogether, 7 hydrothermal syntheses with different Si/Al ratios were carried out, each lasting 6 hours. In each synthesis, aliquots were removed every half hour and filtered, the liquid of which was used to carry out the titration, while the particulate material from the period of 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours was applied for verification in the X-Ray Diffractogram (DRX) and MEV. In all products, the crystalline phases referring to zeolite A, sodalite and in some points of faujasite and cancrinite were observed. In view of the data obtained, it was verified that all the compositions used had satisfactory results with zeolite formation from 1 hour of synthesis, that is, a short period of time. Furthermore, it was possible to verify in a visible way, through the intensity of the peaks and appearance or disappearance of zeolite types, the interference of time and the proportion of Si/Al in the medium. In addition to the XRD, the dendrogram analysis was used in order to identify clusters, that is, which products had similar characteristics, being able to analyze intervals of better formation. The MEV was carried out with the 1-hour material, verifying the characteristic morphology of zeolite A and sodalite, mainly in the proportions of Si/Al=1 and 1,5. The concentration of NaOH in the medium, verified by titration, showed little consumption of this reagent throughout the synthesis. However, it was concluded that the reaction conditions applied to the hard kaolin showed the capacity to form zeolites, allowing the verification of the formation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da natureza da matriz sólida sobre a extração supercrítica de óleos vegetais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-10) COSTA, João Fernando Alves; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172
The extraction of substances from solid substrates both low and high pressures involves at least two phases, a solid and another fluid. The content of the solute in each phase is expressed in terms of the volume of phase and / or volume of solvent. Then, by modeling the interfacial mass transfer it requires a partition coefficient. In general, the simplest way to address this problem is to model the phases separately. The mechanism predominant mass transfer can vary from system to system. For some substrates higher resistance may be in the solid phase and for others it is in the fluid phase. As the interface concentrations for each phase are represented by different variable, phases have to be modeled separately. However, depending on the system, there may be a transfer mechanism predominated over the other, and many effects can be discarded for simplification of the model. The utilization of simpler mathematical models requires a combination of variables for definition of parameters that can represent the phenomenon. In this work the extraction curves were fitted to a model which describes the interfacial mass transfer like a first order kinetics, since the constant of the extraction rate is the unique adjustment parameter. It has been proposed that the adjustment parameter depends on the solubility of solute in the supercritical solvent and on the solid substratum characteristics. To avail that, extraction experiments with babaçu, powder açaí and pupunha pulp using super-critic carbon dioxide at 20, 25 and 30 MPa and temperature of 50°C have been carried out. The results showed that the experimental data fit well to a model with a constant characteristic of each material, with values 4.1983 x 10-5 m/kg∙s to babaçu, 4.2258 x 10-5 m/kg∙s to pupunha pulp, to 10-5 m/kg∙s to powder açaí.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das condições de secagem no rendimento e na qualidade do óleo de linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-20) VALENTE, Maria da Conceição da Costa; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; SOUZA, Célio Augusto Gomes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0800747860976046
From Asian origin flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and belongs to the linaceae family and it is obtained from flax. It is considered a functional food, because it contains substances that may prevent diseases such as degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Flaxseeds are still a major lignans source, that are photochemical compounds similar estrogen, which it may performs cancer-preventative. In addition to being one of the richest sources of α-linolenic acid oil and soluble fibre. The drying is a unit operation, in general, usually means removal of relatively small amounts of water from material by evaporation or by sublimation, applying heat under control conditions. Aiming to analyze the behavior of flax seeds during the drying operation, this study aimed to perform the experimental design and statistically analyze the results used to quantify the influence of air temperature (T), drying time (t) fluidization air velocity (Uf) and solids loading (Cs) on the humidity ratio (Xr), oil yield (Rend.) and the parameters oleochemicals. The estimate of the optimal point of operation was determined according to the input variables by applying the concept of global desirability. Among the conditions set out in this work, the optimal value of the function you want and when T is shifted to high level (72 oC), Uf is shifted to high level (0,83 m/s), t you for the minimum (3h ) and Cs for the secondary level (500 g), thus obtaining: 0.126 to Xr, 36,92 % for Rend.; 4.51 mg KOH/g for IA, 22,52meq O2/g IP and 0,31% for DC. We obtained the sorption isotherms of flaxseed at temperatures 40, 60 and 80 °C. Six mathematical models were applied to analyze the experimental data. The enthalpy and differential entropy were determined by appying Clausius-Clapeyron and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, respectively. Peleg model and GAB model showed the best fit to experimental data. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied to the isotherms, indicating that they are enthalpy - controlled. The flaxseed Drying were evaluated in a fixed and fluidized bed dryer, the experimental runs were done at temperatures 40, 60 and 80 °C. Five mathematical models were evaluated and the Midilli et al. model was found to be the best model for describing the flaxseeds drying behavior. It was observed that the effective diffusivity for the flaxseeds increased with increasing drying air temperature. The diffusivity dependence by temperature was described by the Arrhenius equation. It was estimated the activation energy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do potencial biotecnológico para o tratamento de um minério de ouro de uma mina do estado do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-08) GRANGEIRO, Luana Cardoso; BEVILAQUA, Denise; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9156111627025084; MACÊDO, Emanuel Negrão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8718370108324505
One of the most commonly used pre-treatments prior conventional cyanidation is the biooxidation. This technical is a biological process capable of promote solubilization of metals such as copper, iron through the oxidative action of microorganisms in metal sulfides and it is applied as a pretreatment in the cyanidation process to reduce free cyanide consumption making this a feasible and economic process. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the best biotechnology route for the pretreatment of the gold ore in order to reduce cyanide consumption during the convencional cyanidation and increasing the gold recovery. For this purpose, biological tests has been investigated at laboratory scale on a gold ore sample coming from Estado do Amapá, Brazil (90 g/ton). Bacterial cultures utilised in the biological tests of 20 days consisted of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans-LRe Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans-LR. The biooxidated samples were submitted to cyanidation tests for gold recovery and tests of consumption of cyanide. Experimental studies demonstrate that after 24h leaching time by direct cyanidation, the gold recovery was 93% (32 mg/L) with a cyanide consumption of 2,84 kg.t-1, while the best gold extraction between biooxidated samples was from bioreactor R2 with 87% (30 mg/L), and the cyanide consumption of 2,64 kg.t-1. Experimental results have shown the technical feasibility of the biooxidative prior to convencional leaching for for reducing the consumption of reagent cyanide.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do processo de produção de etanol pela fermentação do caldo de mandiocaba (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-28) SOUZA, Leiliane do Socorro Sodré de; FRANÇA, Luiz Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6545345391702172
The physico-chemical characteristics identified at sweet cassava root, was: moistures (%), fiber (%), protein (%), ash (%), total lipids (%), reducing sugars and total reducing sugars (%); the sap extract from sweet cassava root was characterized by pH, soluble solids (%), glucose and titratable acidity. This study used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. Was realized 15 tests that followed the conditions determined by the experimental design of Box- Behnken, with 3 independent variables: temperature (oC) (X1), pH (X2) and concentration of inoculum (g/L) (X3). The statistical analysis was performed with p>0,05. Through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was proposed a second order polynomial model to the alcohol content (ºGl), and by analysis of response surfaces it was determined the optimum condition to the fermentation of sap extract from sweet cassava root without addition of nutrients, on original substrate concentration of it (6,46 g/L): 28ºC (temperature), 4,88 (pH) and 10 g/L (inoculum concentration). Under these conditions a test was conducted, which aimed to raise the curves of cell growth (yeast), CO2 production, consumption of sugars and ethanol production, to better understand the process of fermentation broth of sweet cassava. Through the cellular growth curve was determined the duration of the exponential phase, using the method of linear regression; this step in this study occurred at different time intervals. The value found to μm was 0,05 h-1.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização e proposta de tratamento de lixiviados de resíduos de madeira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-24) ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, Walter Figueiredo de; SILVA, Denilson Luz da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241759369873376
This is a characterization study and proposal for treatment of woodwaste leachate produced in laboratory. Woodwaste leachate or stormwater runoff or log yard runoff are generated when wood waste resulting fi-om the manufacturing process, are arranged inappropriately, making the interaction with water, generally climate rainfall, resulting in a dark colored liquid which can contam n a number of components with the potential negative impact on aquatic environments. The effluent generated in the laboratory was studied by two separate experiments. In Experiment A, in polyethylene bottles, were mixed water and sawdust in proportion 9:1, in an open system and room temperature for 90 days. At times 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 80 and 90 days, the solution was filtered and brought to the laboratory for analysis. In Experiment B, stored in a plastic container (bucket type) about 5 kg of sawdust, where the bottom was adapted a drain to collect effluent. This system was exposed to sunlight and rainfall climate, so as to simulate the minimum conditions for generation ofleachate fi-om a waste pile of wood in the real case. In both observed the generation of a liquid amber beige to dark, strong characteristic odor, slightly acidic (pH 5.53 to 6.97), high oxygen demand (BOD 17 — 310 mg.L-1; COD 857 — 3161 mg.L-1; DO 0.63 — 5.56 mg.L-1), high charges of organic matter (TC 170.93 — 425.19 mg.L-1, TOC 167.66 — 415.66 mg.L-1 and TIC 2.22 — 34.05 mg.L-1), high solids concentrations (SS 10 — 23 mL.L-1; TSS 463 — 1330 mg.L-1; TDS 31 — 640 mg.L-1 and turbidity 10.0 — 638.5 UNT). Due to these characteristics has been proposed a physicochemical treatment for runoff produced by combining the processes of coagulation/flocculation and oxidation with potassium permanganate, which resulted, respectively, in the removal of 20.95% and 88.53 % of COD, 98.18% and 43.31% of color, 40.45% and 98.16 of turbidity, 65.71% and 100% of TSS, per process. The overall removal efficiency of the proposed treatment was 90.93% of the values of COD, 98.97% in true color values, 98.90% of turbidity and 100.00% values of TSS.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização mineralogica do agregado obtido a partir da lama vermelha do processo bayer
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-27) REIS, André Wilson da Cruz; NEVES, Roberto de Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9559386620588673; MARTELLI, Marlice Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1213009262936026
The industrial activities increasingly generate a lot of waste and by-products being stored in the environment, with physicochemical characteristics which can most often be reused. The red mud residue from the Bayer process, is being studied for use in the production of synthetic aggregates, which aims to replace natural aggregates used in construction. This work studies the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the aggregates synthesized from a mixture of red mud, clay, sand and charcoal in 4 compositions, varying amounts of red mud and clay. The raw materials were pretreated and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X - ray diffraction, thermal and particle size analysis. The samples were calcined at 1200 °C for 4 hours. Then subjected to analysis by X-ray diffraction, X- ray fluorescence, differential thermal analysis and scanning for characterization and physical tests electron microscopy. For the study of the observation of synthetic mullite aggregate specimens embedded in resin, and adding 5% HF for 3 to 4 minutes were made. The material presented after sintering, apparent specific gravity average below 2 g\cm3 main crystalline phases by XRD quartz and hematite and the presence of mullite from the HF treatment can be observed.