Navegando por Tipo de Documento: "Tese"

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1955: o saber matemático escolar na subjetivação de trabalhadores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09-11) SGROTT-RODRIGUES, Ana Maria; MANCINO, Emanuela; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-6736-5931; CHAVES, Sílvia Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9353964127402937; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-9771-4610
In this research context we conduct ourselves building a "history of today", about ways of subjectivity of workers from different labor areas, in the relationships they establish with the knowledge-power practices and with the truth games in the field of School Mathematics Education, space in which occupies a place of relevance in the socioeducational context, due to the dissemination and value assigned to it. We take on the challenge of talking about the variation of the subjectivity ways produced by statements and enunciations of the mathematical discourse, exploring the sayings of workers that enable to see: Which subjectivities are produced in the relations established by the individuals with school mathematics? How is the production of subjectivities from these relationships? We start from the narratives of workers to broader cultural narratives, searching the threads that weave and sustain the discursive network that enables to say and see the mathematical knowledge in the constitution of the subject. To analyze how the discourses reverberate in the ways of being, seeing and telling in relation to school mathematical knowledge, we will use the theoretical tools designed by Michel Foucault, considering from his teachings that workers are historical subjects, forged in history, as well as in the cultural context that runs through them, once subjectivity is not innate, but fabricated and imposed by the discourses that produce us historical and culturally. With this understanding and the intricacies of the provocation arising from Foucault, we brought to our thinking in relation to how the workers place themselves in the struggle between their labor mathematical knowledge and erudite knowledge of mathematical science, the mechanisms they use and the effects of this fight, or the acceptance of the erudite in what they do. We emphasize that the mesh of discursive and non-discursive practices produces mathematics as knowledge that qualifies a person, a people, a nation, producing at the same time the "good"student, the successful worker, and also the disabled, the unsuccessful worker. However, if there are subjections, there is also resistance, refusal, insurrections. From them are born other ways of being, other knowledges, other mathematics that make new truths appear, new skills that dispute and pluralize spaces of power in the broad discursive symphony. This encourages us to say that if life is a friend of art, it is possible with art to invent, incessantly, mathematical knowledge which mean the opening of this big prison closures that are the boundaries.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
1963: educação, ciência e redenção econômica em uma capital na periferia da modernidade: a Escola de Chimica Industrial na Belém dos anos 1920
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-23) MACHADO, Jorge Ricardo Coutinho; ALVES, José Jerônimo de Alencar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9586790409626243
In the 1920s, in Belem (a town in Pará-Amazon-Brazil), merchants and scientists to join through negotiations and interest agreements, to the creation of an analytical laboratory with the aim of researching of amazonian natural products capable of being used in the industry and thereby inaugurate a new cycle of economic prosperity after the end of the so-called "latex cycle" (the amazonian belle époque). The laboratory of analysis, almost simultaneously became a laboratory-school for training chemists, according to a training model previously initiated in Europe and that has shaped from then on, all training systems of professionals of chemistry. This laboratory-school (which existed from 1922 to 1930) graduated nine industrial chemists and published a scientific bulletin with the results of research conducted at the institution. This narrative unfolds in the chapters of this study, which are developed more detailed reports about the actors (human and non-human agents) involved in a network, in this history: the Amazon region with its natural products and the city of Belém of Pará capital on the outskirts of modernity; chemistry, a modern science expanding in the world; diplomats, politicians, merchants, chemistry students and scientiststeachers. The analyzes conducted had supported mainly in the Sociology of Translation, theoretical tool that allows to map inseparably the assembled elements in this network, whose tessitura also contribute those derived by nature and those of society, without asymmetries. The conclusions allows verify the fertility of the approach (Social Studies about Science and Technology) in the construction of narratives about objects which, although already studied by traditional historiography, were being treated asymmetrically, without giving voice with equal eloquence to scientists, amazonian natural products, politicians and traders, resulting often in hagiographies or narratives drived by positive arrow of progress and advancing of the "wrong past" to "correct future." It is expected that stories like this, written with support in the Sociology of Translation, can shed new light on the history of the expansion of the natural sciences in the Amazon, by presenting not a story of winners (or occupation of an " epistemological emptiness"), but that one where we can see the science in action, with all negotiations, hesitations, beliefs, setbacks and recalcitrances, typically presents in a open life field, where reason and passion; knowledge and power intertwine inseparably.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abelhas das orquídeas (Apidae: Euglossini) e as plantações de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) na Amazônia Oriental: mudanças na composição de espécies, tamanho corporal e diversidade funcional
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-02) BRITO, Thaline de Freitas; MAUÉS, Márcia Motta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0976385386657517; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925
In this study, we evaluated the role of legal reserves (LR) and areas of permanent protection (APP) in the maintenance of orchid bee species, and we tested the influence of abiotic and habitat parameters on taxonomic and functional diversity of this group. In addition, we investigated the occurrence of phenotypic variations (body and wing size, and fluctuating asymmetry) in response to environmental stress caused by oil palm plantations. Orchid bee males were sampled in nine areas (3 RL, 3 APP, and 3 oil palm plantations) in the municipality of Tailândia, southeast of the state of Pará. In each area, we installed six separate sampling stations, 500 m apart, each one with six scent traps; totaling 36 traps per area, and 108 per habitat type. We compared differences in observed abundance and richness using a One-Way ANOVA, we evaluated species composition patterns with a PCoA, and we also used a species indicator analysis. A partial RDA was applied to evaluate the influence of habitat attributes, space and habitat type on taxonomic and functional parameters of bees. In addition, we compared body and wing size variations of the individuals through the types of habitat. Our results indicate that oil palm areas are characterized by the presence of few individuals and species, low functional diversity, and by larger bees. Despite this, we recorded four species associated to LR, which can be useful indicators of orchid bee’s communities in the Amazon rainforest. The habitat structure was not a good predictor of both functional and taxonomic composition, and no levels of fluctuating asymmetry were detected, but bees from oil palm showed larger wings compared to forest areas. Our research highlights that APPs play an important role in maintaining both taxonomic and functional composition of orchid bees, which could reinforce the fact that bees use these areas as displacement corridors in a matrix formed by oil palm plantation. Thus, both LRs and PPAs areas fulfill their purpose of protecting the biodiversity of orchid bees.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem Inteligente com Combinação de Características Estruturais para Detecção de Novas Famílias de Ransomware
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-22) MOREIRA, Caio Carvalho; SALES JUNIOR, Claudomiro de Souza de; País de Nacionalidade Brasi
Ransomware is a malicious software that aims to encrypt user files and demand a ransom to unlock them. It is a cyber threat that can cause significant financial damage, as well as compromise privacy and data integrity. Although signature-based detection scanners commonly combat this threat, they fail to identify unknown ransomware families (variants). One method to detect new threats without the need to execute them is static analysis, which inspects the code and structure of the software, along with classification through intelligent approaches. The Detection of New Ransomware Families (DNFR) can be evaluated in a realistic and challenging scenario by categorizing and isolating families for training and testing. Hence, this thesis aims to develop an effective static analysis model for DNFR, which can be applied in Windows systems as an additional security layer to check executable files upon receipt or before execution. Early ransomware detection is essential to reduce the likelihood of a successful attack. The proposed approach comprehensively analyzes executable binaries, extracting and combining various structural features, and distinguishes them between ransomware or benign software employing a soft voting model comprising three machine learning techniques: Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Results for DNFR demonstrated an average accuracy of 97.53%, precision of 96.36%, recall of 97.52%, and F-measure of 96.41%. Additionally, scanning and predicting individual samples took an average of 0.37 seconds. This performance indicates success in quickly identifying unknown ransomware variants and adapting the model to the constantly evolving landscape, suggesting its applicability in antivirus protection systems, even on resource-limited devices. Therefore, the method offers significant advantages and can assist developers of ransomware detection systems in creating more resilient, reliable, and fast-response solutions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma abordagem matemática aplicada ao projeto de turbinas hidrocinéticas e eólicas com difusor utilizando a teoria do elemento de pá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-30) VAZ, Déborah Aline Tavares Dias do Rio; VAZ, Jerson Rogério Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1623983294183975
It is known surrounding a turbine with diffuser may significantly increase its power. This effect has attained considerable attention as it shows theoretically the possibility of achieving a power coefficient about 2 times greater than an ordinary turbine. However, the effect of the diffuser efficiency has not been implemented into blade element momentum yet, as well as the use of minimum pressure coefficient criterion to avoid cavitation during the optimization of the hydrokinetic chord along the blade. Hence, this work presents a novel approach to design diffuser-augmented hydro turbines considering the diffuser efficiency. Based on the blade element momentum, new expressions for the axial induction factor and thrust are obtained. In addition, both efficiency and load generated on a diffuser are considered to the extension of existing formulation to determine power coefficient in cases where diffuser losses are taken into account through efficiency (ηd) and area ratio (β). To assess the proposed model, a comparative evaluation of two different diffusers (flanged conical diffuser and flanged lens diffuser) is performed. Numerical and theoretical results are compared for a shrouded turbine equipped with 83% efficiency diffuser. The relative difference observed for the maximum power coefficient between the proposed model and an actuator disk model with diffuser is about 5.3%. For the hydro turbine with flanged conical diffuser, the mass flow rate is about 20% higher than for a bare turbine, while for the turbine with flanged lens diffuser the increase is only 2.4%. Also, for the flanged conical diffuser the power is increased by 53%. Furthermore, it is observed that the proposed blade element momentum with diffuser achieved good agreement with the numerical model, providing improved results compared to other models available in the literature. The optimization model of hydrokinetic chord shows relevant results in relation to the prevention of cavitation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem multicriterial e indicadores ecológicos e econômicos utilizados na identificação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação da ictiofauna no Estuário Amazônico, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MOURÃO, Keila Renata Moreira; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528
This study was divided into three steps: (1) description of spatial and temporal distribution of fish fauna in the area of transition from marine and freshwater environments (Chapter 1), (b) use of descriptors of community as a way to determine the community structure and use of the habitat for fish fauna (Chapter 2) and (3) use of community descriptors studied in Chapters 1 and 2, as a criteria to development indicators (integrated in GIS environment) to define priority areas and scenarios for the conservation of the fish fauna (Chapter 3). The collections of the fish fauna in the main channel and tidal creek occurred from 2004 to 2011 during the dry period (July- December) and rainy period (January-June), using gill net, trawl and block net as fishing gears, and in three important areas of the Amazon estuary: the bays of Guajará and Marajó and Guamá River. A total of 41,516 specimens of 136 species, 38 families and 12 orders were captured. The spatial and temporal distribution of fish fauna in the area of transition from mesohaline and freshwater environments showed that species richness increases from the Guamá River towards the Marajó Bay, along with the increasing salinity. In relation to trophic functional groups, piscivores (PV) and zoobentívoros (ZB) were dominant in all areas. The community descriptors obtained in the main channel, showed the highest values of biomass and relative abundance in number in Marajó Bay. In relation to the tidal channel, the abundance of biomass was greater in Guajará Bay. The main channel is used for breeding and nursery, and 90% of the individuals were immature. The indicators of diversity of the environment (DA), habitat use (UH), relative abundance (CPUE), environmental health (SA) and relation to fisheries (PR), showed conservation priorities considered medium and high, along the area study. This trend was also observed considering the ecological and economic scenarios, that showed medium-high and high-very high priority for conservation of the fish fauna in the northern portion Marajó Bay in the dry period, respectively. The methodologies used determined the ecological importance of the study area, emphasizing the heterogeneity between them and therefore cannot be considered as a single environment. The multicriteral approach adopted has no precedent for the Amazon estuary. This methodology proved to be effective in providing, through the different scenarios, a range of options that allows the decision maker to explore the issue as best as possible or use it as part of a process of decision making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abordagem para o desenvolvimento de um etiquetador de alta acurácia para o Português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-21) DOMINGUES, Miriam Lúcia Campos Serra; FAVERO, Eloi Luiz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1497269209026542
Part-of-speech tagging is a basic task required by many applications of natural language processing, such as parsing and machine translation, and by applications of speech processing, for example, speech synthesis. This task consists of tagging words in a sentence with their grammatical categories. Although these applications require taggers with greater precision, the state of the art taggers still achieved accuracy of 96 to 97%. In this thesis, corpus and software resources are investigated for the development of a tagger with accuracy above of that of the state of the art for the Brazilian Portuguese language. Based on a hybrid solution that combines probabilistic tagging with rule-based tagging, the proposed thesis focuses on an exploratory study on the tagging method, size, quality, tag set, and the textual genre of the corpora available for training and testing, and evaluates the disambiguation of new or out-of-vocabulary words found in texts to be tagged. Four corpora were used in experiments: CETENFolha, Bosque CF 7.4, Mac-Morpho, and Selva Científica. The proposed tagging model was based on the use of the method of transformation-based learning (TBL) to which were added three strategies combined in a architecture that integrates the outputs (tagged texts) of two free tools, Treetagger and -TBL, with the modules that were added to the model. In the tagger model trained with Mac-Morpho corpus of journalistic genre, tagging accuracy rates of 98.05% on Mac-Morpho test set and 98.27% on Bosque CF 7.4 were achieved, both of journalistic genres. The performance of the proposed hybrid model tagger was also evaluated in the texts of Selva Científica Corpus, of the scientific genre. Needs of adjustments in the tagger and in corpora were identified and, as result, accuracy rates of 98.07% in Selva Científica, 98.06% in the text set of Mac-Morpho, and 98.30% in the texts of the Bosque CF 7.4 have been achieved. These results are significant because the accuracy rates achieved are higher than those of the state of the art, thus validating the proposed model to obtain a more reliable part-of-speech tagger.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma abordagem SDN para virtualização de redes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-25) PINHEIRO, Billy Anderson; ABELÉM, Antônio Jorge Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5376253015721742
The virtual SDN networks (vSDNs) have emerged from the association of virtualization and Software-Dened Networking (SDN), providing greater control and better use of network resources. Several studies have already shown the feasibility and benets of this approach. However, the issue still lacks solutions that can virtualize a network in a scalable, intuitive and simplied manner. Thus, this thesis proposes an SDN approach to network virtualization with the aim of reducing the limitations on vSDNs. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt in network virtualization the separation between data plans (distributed) and control (centralized), the global network view and use of ow abstraction to manage the communication between the dierent points. To support our proposition, three solutions were developed: the CIM-SDN (Common Information Model for Software-Dened Networking), to enable the use of formal representation of the new elements of vSDNs; The NVP (Network Virtualization Proxy), to provide greater scalability by separating the control plane into centralized and decentralized parts; And Graph Virtualization Layer (GVL), to provide greater use of abstractions between the hypervisor and controllers, thereby simplifying the understanding and use of the network. Proof of concept tests was carried out for the three proposed solutions, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Abuso incestuoso infantil: o poder judiciário garante a proteção integral da criança vítima?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-31) GUIMARÃES, Sandra Suely Moreira Lurine; LOUREIRO, Violeta Refkalefsky; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3092799127943216
Incestuous child abuse can already be considered a problem of public health due to its high incidence and the harm caused to the child’s development. The dynamics of this form of violence is complex and involves psychological, social and legal aspects. The present study aims to accomplish an approach on this theme starting from its social and legal interface. We shall argue that incestuous practice can compromise the balanced development of the child and thus deny her condition of subject of desire as well as her condition of subject of rights. In both forms of denial of subjectivity, the child is seen only as an object. Our goal has consisted in analyses how judiciary power brazilian has faced the cases of incestuous abuse, in order to investigate the treatment dispensed to the child victim. We discuss that the criminal model, grounded on punitivism is limited to punish the aggressor, relegating the victim to a secondary plan such that she plays only the role of probatory object in the process. Because of the, we sign that Restorative Justice, being an approach focused in the victim, is in line with Victimology, and is the proper legal model to interrupt this modality of violence. For it cares about repair and mainly because it contributes to the child’s resiliency process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acessos e barreiras à cidadania: as Organizações Sociais e as novas formas de gestão do espaço público nas cidades paraenses
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-11) BAENA, Silvia Cristina Pereira; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837; BAHIA, Mirleide Chaar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6052323981745384; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-2019
The growth of the urban population is still a recurring problem that has serious impacts on cities, revealing a sharp contrast through socio-spatial and environmental transformations, which generates a process of territorial segregation. After all, urban growth does not necessarily come with better conditions of access to urban land. In addition, changes in the socioeconomic scope have redirected the management of cities and imposed models and parameters so that metropolises are readapted in order to make them more attractive. This scenario has also been repositioning the role of the State in the production of the city, especially with regard to new forms of management, which involves incentives beyond conventional public management. In this sense, this work aims to analyze the advances and limits of the management and planning model implemented by the public-private partnership between the Government of the State of Pará and the Pará 2000 Social Organization, in public spaces in Belém (Hangar, Mangal das Garças, Estação das Docas and Mangueirinho), from the point of view of citizenship and universal access to the service offered. This thesis starts from the criticism of political administration, which intends to think about public management from a critical perspective in accordance with the method of interpretation of historical-dialectical materialism, of a qualitative-explanatory nature. For data analysis, a triangulation strategy was adopted (interviews, documents and systematic observation), while, for categorization, a logical matrix on the topics raised, using the technique of content analysis. From the data collected, systematized and analyzed, it was found that the State, when using the management model implemented by the public-private partnership in the latter, as a result of neoliberal policies of its management reform project, strategically uses such partnerships in the with the aim of promoting the strengthening of the market, based on a corporate government, moving away from a conception of social justice with a socio-spatial development perspective, which allows universal access for the population. On the contrary, these partnerships, by providing, through contracts, the right to exploit services in exchange for financing and maintenance of the structure, made it possible to understand that the subversion of the criteria for providing the public service, from the importation of economic logics mercantile, with the prerogative that the private sector exercise more effectively the provision of services, depoliticized the relations between the State and citizens. So much so that, with this new reality, in which the company’s congruence, advocated by society’s policy, is universalized, the citizen is now seen as a consumer. In this way, priority is given to the dimension of efficiency and financial return. Therefore, new elements are observed, which make it possible to understand how the strategies, peculiar to the process of diffusion of the capitalist mode of production and free competition, advance in society from this new neoliberalist reason, which has transformed capitalism by establishing a set of policies, rules, norms of conduct and practices, as well as social control mechanisms that expand its influence in the world. This reality has guided nations and their governments, companies and subjects that regulate their actions from a subjectivity structured in the entrepreneurial logic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico na exposição crônica ao etanol: estudo pré-clínico da comorbidade e da resposta a minociclina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-27) FONTES JÚNIOR, Enéas de Andrade; MAIA, Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4835820645258101; CRESPO LÓPEZ, Maria Elena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9900144256348265
Stroke is the second largest cause of death in the world and the leading in Brazil, with 87% of strokes due to ischemic processes. Chronic ethanol consumption, usually beginning in adolescence, is recognized as an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality by stroke. Although cases combining the two diseases are relatively common, there is no data in animals or clinical models demonstrating the quality or mechanisms of interaction between the two morbidities, nor its impact on therapeutic intervention. Considering the recent studies proposing minocycline as a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of stroke, this study aimed to investigate the interaction between the Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication (CAI) started in adolescence and the stroke in motor cortex of adult rats, and the effects of treatment with minocycline on this interaction, using behavioral, cellular and molecular parameters. Female Wistar rats (35 days-old) were chronically exposed to ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) or water for 55 days. One day after the end of the CAI focal ischemia was induced in motor cortex with the endothelin-1 (ET-1), followed by seven-day treatment with minocycline or saline. After this period, the animals were assayed with open field and rota rod tests. Immediately, animals were sacrificed and cortex was dissected for evaluation of nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels. In all groups, some animals were perfused and the motor cortex subjected to histological analysis to assess the damage, and immunohistochemical labeling to neuronal death (anti-NeuN), microglial/macrophage (anti-ED1) and astrocytes (anti-GFAP) activation. The ethanol intoxication from puberty to adulthood potentiated the damage caused by stroke, causing major losses in capacity to start and running movements as well as the strength and motor coordination compared to ischemic animals pretreated with water. These manifestations were accompanied by increased neuronal loss, reduced ED-1+ and GFAP+ cells and higher levels of nitrite and lipid peroxidation. Treatment with minocycline was effective in preventing/reverse motor deficits and tissue damage induced by focal ischemia, also inhibiting the increase in oxidative stress markers. The CAI either alone with succeeded by focal ischemia, harmed the outcome of treatment with minocycline. Our results indicate that heavy alcohol intoxication during adolescence exacerbates the motor deficit and tissue damage in animals subjected to focal ischemia. This process appears to be associated with microglia/astroglial activation, but mainly with oxidative stress. It also shows that the previous history of CAI started adolescence interferes significantly in the treatment of cerebral ischemia with minocycline.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aço inoxidável nanoestruturado produzido via soldagem a arco elétrico.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-08) LOAYZA, Cristhian Ricardo; BRAGA, Eduardo de Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4783553888547500
Manufacturing methods of nanostructured stainless-steel composites (NSSC) have not yet been developed with industrial applicability. To overcome this shortage, the possibility of incorporating nanoparticles by electric arc welding was investigated, using a tubular rod filled with nanostructured flux composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and 304L stainless steel particles. This flux was manufactured by two different methods: mechanical alloying (MA) and chemical treatment (CT) with hydrogen peroxide. The second showed more promising results using control of kinetic parameters of time and temperature, obtaining a lower degree of amorphous carbon, impurities, and crystalline defects, increasing their crystallinity and interaction of the nanotubes with the metallic matrix. MWCNT incorporation decreased the grain size by 64% when compared to the stainless-steel coating, possessing an austenitic matrix with carbide precipitation in the interdendritic spaces and grain boundaries. The microhardness increased 45% and the rate of erosion by vibratory cavitation decreased 64%, in relation to the AISI 304L coating. Additionally, XRD analyses showed a reduction of the γ{200} phase and a growth of γ{111} after the cavitation process. The method of manufacture of the nanocomposites proved to be economically viable and with the possibility of immediate application on a large scale.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ações mediadoras de alunos no fórum de um curso semipresencial de especialização
(Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012-08-06) CUNHA, Ana Lygia Almeida; FREIRE, Maximina Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3673007161789295
This research is inserted in the realm of Applied Linguistics studies and aims to identify mediating actions performed by students in the 2007 class of the Specialization Course Teaching and Learning of the Portuguese Language for through the interpretation of messages posted in the discussion forum. During the activities developed in the course of Linguistic Pragmatics discipline, the finding that some students when interacting with their classmates acted as mediators led to the conception of this research whitch investigated the conditions that can make the student a mediator, thus contributing to the study of semiotic-pedagogic mediation that takes place in the online context. By starting from the Vygotsky’s notion of mediation (1967/2008), the theoretical foundation of this study was grounded in authors interested in researching on the conditions under which interaction through forums are carried out in the online courses – such as Gunawardena (1999), Garrison e Anderson (2003), Pallof e Pratt (2004), Coffin et al. (2005, 2006), Celani e Collins (2006), Collins (2008), Coll e Monereo (2010), Monereo e Pozo (2010), among others. The interpretation of messages posted by student mediators was based on the hermeneutic orientation supported by Ricoeur (2002, 2006, 2009), for whom the actions expressed in written texts can become an object of science. The research interpretation indicates the importance of the discussion forum as a privileged space for mediations made by students toward their peers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acoustic ecology of dolphins of the genus Sotalia (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) and of the newly described Araguaian boto Inia araguaiaensis (Cetartiodactyla, Iniidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-09) SANTOS, Gabriel Melo Alves dos; MAY-COLLADO, Laura J.; SILVA, Maria Luisa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2101884291102108
Sensory systems are vital for animals to obtain information about their surroundings. Information can be gathered via visual, chemical, electrical, tactile and acoustic cues. These cues are used in several ecological contexts including foraging, competition, defense, social interactions (e.g. courtship behavior), and to indicate a condition, emotional or reproductive state or identity of the signal emitter. For aquatic mammals, sound is the most important mechanism of communication. Light attenuates rapidly with depth in aquatic environments limiting visual communication. In contrast, sound has low attenuation in water and it travels about five times faster in water than in air, making a very efficient way to communicate underwater. Therefore, sound is a fundamental aspect of cetacean biology, as these animals rely on acoustic signals for communication, navigation and location of prey. The genus Sotalia consist of two species that inhabit contrasting habitats. The Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) inhabits the coastal waters from Nicaragua to Southern Brazil, and the tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis) is confined to the main tributaries of the Amazon Basin. Meanwhile, river dolphins of the genus Inia - commonly known as botos - are found exclusively in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Tocantins River Basins. With their conservation status of both genera as data deficient there is great demand for information on their biology. As a key factor on cetacean biology acoustics can provide us with a richness of information and used as a tool to acquire data on habitat use, population numbers and behavior. However, in order to do so, first one needs to know the species vocal repertoire in detail and be able to differentiate those using acoustic methods. Thus, here we present the first distributionwide analysis of the vocal repertoire of Sotalia dolphins and diversity and geographical patterns of their whistles. In addition, we present the first description of the vocal repertoire of Inia araguaiaensis focusing on repertoire diversity and structure. The whistle repertoire of both Sotalia species is highly structured, with populations of the riverine species showing a less diverse whistle repertoire than the populations of the coastal species. The highly structured repertoire is likely due to the small home ranges and low gene flow among populations. Differences in the richness of the acoustic repertoire between both species, may be due to a combination of socioecological and evolutionary factors. We also provide the first description of the Araguaian boto (Inia araguaiensis) acoustic behavior and showed that they have a rich acoustic repertoire consisting of whistles and primarily pulsed calls. While whistles were produced rarely, a specific type of call, the short two-component calls were the most common signal emitted during the study. These calls were similar in acoustic structure to those produced by orcas (Orcinus orca) and pilot whales (Globicephala sp.). Because of the context at which these signals were produced, we hypothesize that they possibly play a role in mother-calf communication. Sotalia and Inia can be acoustically distinguished based on their social sounds, as the former has a repertoire based on whistles and the latter based on pulsative calls. With the low emission rate of whistles by Inia, so chances of misidentification are low. Thus, sounds of both genera can be used to distinguish them from one another during passive acoustic monitoring and serve as proxies for species presence in studies of distribution, habitat use, and abundance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acúmulo e exportação de carbono, nitrogênio, fósforo e metais em canais de maré dos manguezais de Marapanim, Costa Norte Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) MATOS, Christiene Rafaela Lucas de; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228
In this study, we assessed the potential of intertidal mudflat sediments along mangrove forest to accumulate and export carbon, nutrients (N and P) and metals (Fe and Mn), in addition to examine the influence of the Amazonian seasonal rainfall patterns on the physicochemical conditions, diagenetic processes and exchange of nutrients and metals along the sediment-water interface (SWI) in intertidal mudflats fringed by pristine mangroves. The study was carried out in the Marapanim River estuarine system (northern Brazil), which is fringed by extensive areas of well-developed mangroves, part of the largest continuous and best preserved mangrove forest in the world, located approximately 200 km from west of the mouth of the Amazon River. The results of this work are presented in two articles. The first deals with the potential of stocks and accumulation of COT, NT and PT in intertidal mudflat sediments, in addition we investigate the potential sources of sedimentary organic matter (OM). The second assesses the influence of seasonal rainfall pattern on physicochemical properties, the diagenetic processes and the diffusive fluxes of nutrients at the SWI in the Marapanim mangrove creeks. During wet season the salinity values decreased as a consequence of the increase in rainfall, with a dilution-mixing zone in the top sediment (<15 cm). In the dilution-mixing zone, Fe (III) and Mn (IV) reduction are the dominant anaerobic respiratory processes in the sediments. The redox zonation of sediments oscillated in response to the rainfall patterns, with the highest concentrations of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in deeper sediment layers during the dry season. Under suboxic conditions, the mudflat sediments act as a source of Fe2+, Mn2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3- to the water column, and these fluxes were driven by rainfall. The results indicated that mangrove-fringed mudflats are quite effective in retaining carbon, nutrients and iron in sediment solid phases than exporting to the coastal waters, while can potentially be a significant contributor to the oceanic Mn cycle. The potential of these mangrove creeks to accumulate these elements is directly related to grain size, sources and susceptibility of OM degradation. In addition, temporal variability in pyrite formation revealed that the solid phase retention mechanisms are also susceptible to seasonal effects, with lower concentrations of chromium-reducible sulfur (CRS, mainly pyrite fraction) during the dry season. Therefore, we show that these seasonal variabilities implied substantial changes of physicochemical properties and the diagenetic processes, affecting the release of metals and nutrients from the SWI and their accumulation in the sediment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptação da Escala de Ansiedade de Beck para avaliação de surdos e cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) SANCHEZ, Cintia Nazare Madeira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study met three articles concerning the adaptation of psychological instruments to evaluate the population of deaf and blind. Considering that these instruments are not adapted to evaluate people with special educational needs, complicating diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore the need to adapt these instruments for this population is indisputable. This situation also occurs in the area of deafness and blindness, in which there is a shortage of jobs in Brazil. In the first article was conducted a literature review of instruments adapted for this population. It is concluded that the area of hearing assessment scales are adapted to various factors as psychometric for measuring depression, anxiety and intelligence, but the area of blindness instruments are suited for the assessment of cognitive functioning. The aim of the second study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to sign language and alphabet digital generating a scale to assess anxiety in deaf users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The sample consisted of 25 deaf users LIBRAS (experimental group) and 25 listeners (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic, and panic. Therefore BAI adapted showed validity equivalent to BAI standard to assess anxiety in deaf, the items appear to have adapted the modified factor structure of the instrument, thus allowing its use in the assessment of anxiety in deaf users of LIBRAS. The third study was conducted with visually impaired, this deficiency is most prevalent in the population reaching 35.8 million people with difficulty seeing even with corrective lenses, and 506,3 thousand are blind. Despite the significant number of blind in the literature there are few studies of adapting assessment tools for the blind, as they are evaluated on the parameters of the seers. Given this reality, the objective of this study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) for Braille generating a scale to assess anxiety in blind Braille users. The sample consisted of 25 blind Braille users (experimental group) and 25 seers (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic. Subscale panic in this difference was statistically significant at the limit. Therefore BAI adapted showed equivalent BAI validity standard for evaluating anxiety blind, adapted items seem to have modified the factor structures of the instrument, allowing their use in the evaluation of anxiety in users blind Braille.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adesão ao tratamento da malária: um estudo em comunidades do entorno da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) ROCHA, Maria de Nazaré Almeida; FERREIRA, Eleonora Arnaud Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6600933695027723
Malaria, infectious disease, caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by the bite of female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Currently puts at risk 40% of the world population. In Brazil occurs mainly in the Amazon region where they are concentrated 99.7% of cases. In communities located around the lake of Tucuruí the occurrence of malaria is high and the residents do not have efficient services that provide appropriate prophylaxis and therapy. This research has the purpose of examining the occurrence of conduct of accession to drug treatment and prevention of malaria in people living in the surrounding communities of the Tucuruí hydroelectric power, state of Para, through comparison of three conditions for intervention: Timing ( n = 10), Monitoring (n = 9) and Monitoring with information (n = 10). To quantitatively assess the effects of intervention in the conduct adopted three conditions were compared by non-parametric statistical methods: the Chi-square test and Binomial test. It was previously set the significance level alpha = 0.05 to reject the null hypothesis. The adherence to treatment and the conditions Routine Monitoring was marginal, however, in the condition Monitoring with information was found that after the intervention 80% of the participants joined significantly (p <0.05) to treatment, demonstrating, effectiveness of intervention. As to the knowledge of malaria, in the condition Monitoring with information when compared with other conditions, after intervention, was obtained p-value = 0.0466 (significant) indicating that the intervention promoted increase in the level of knowledge of participants on malaria. The analysis of change in the behavioral repertoire was held in thirteen items. Results have been achieved more success in then condition Monitoring with information on nine items was observed significant change of attitude of the participants, highlighting the fact that these nine items the p-value <0.05 was certificate as evidence of statistical significance of this conclusion. The comparison between the conditions Monitoring and Monitoring with information presented significant difference in eight items. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) in the following items: Use mosquito net, notify the officer of health, keep the trees pruned or cut, not bathing in the river in times of danger, Wear clothes suitable for enter the forest, Use appropriate clothing for fishing, not staying at night and Use repellents as andiroba or similar. In summary, the intervention was successful to contribute to effective treatment of malaria and increase the level of knowledge about the disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adoção internacional: o melhor interesse da criança e seu direito fundamental à convivência familiar em face da subsidiariedade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-29) FURTADO, Maria Marlene Escher; RIBEIRO, Cristina Figueiredo Terezo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9188707404168670
The thesis presented deals with International Adoption from the perspective of the best interest of the child and his/her fundamental right to family life confronting its subsidiarity in Brazilian legislation. The problem raised in this research was: “to what extent does the subsidiarity of international adoption in Brazil affect the realization of the child's right to family life in the perspective of child’s best interest?”. The objective was: “to investigate the obstacles to international adoption and obstacles to effective family life in the perspective of the principle of subsidiarity”. The method used was the deductive one and the techniques were bibliographic research; jurisprudential, via decisions of the Third Panel of the STJ; and the field, where visits and semi-structured interviews were carried out with the Federal Central Administrative Authority, State Judicial Commissions of International Adoption in the states of Pará, Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Mato Grosso do Sul, and also, forms were applied, via e-mail, to the State Judicial Commissions for International Adoption from all over Brazil, to ACAF, in Courts of Childhood and Youth, State Prosecutor's Office, as well as in bodies accredited to act in international adoption. The main results found were: that the current Brazilian legislation puts international adoption as the last resort and, thus, does not guarantee the effectiveness of the child’s right to family life in a situation of adoptability; that from the analysis of the decisions of the STJ, the best interest of the child is family life, with its institutionalization being the last resort; and that from the analysis of the interviews and applied forms, it was found that most professionals do not consider subsidiarity to be an obstacle; however, it was identified that professionals with longer experience in international adoption understand differently, arguing that subsidiarity “runs against time” and delays the child's adoption process. The conclusion reached was that insofar as the subsidiarity principle places international adoption as a last resort, the fundamental right of the child to family coexistence is not taken into account in view of his/her best interest in being raised and developed in the midst of a family that cares and loves the child.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O adoecimento dos trabalhadores docentes na rede pública de ensino de Belém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-16) REIS, Maria Izabel Alves dos; MAUÉS, Olgaíses Cabral; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0118802077232494
This thesis investigates the illness of teachers working in elementary education from Public Education Network in Belém - RME in Pará State, from the educational reforms implemented in the period 2005-2012. The overall objective consisted in analyzing the causes of illness of teachers in Public Education Network of Belém RME, noting the following specific objectives: to analyze educational policies of RME; identify the effects of educational policies and their relation to the illness of the teacher; analyzing the working conditions of teachers; identify the occurrence of intensification and casualization in teaching and possible relations with the illness. The survey was conducted in two stages: the first stage was the realization of literature to better understand the topic. To understand the concept of Work, World of Work, Work, Work and Education Market studies were performed in authors such as Marx (2006), Alves (2010); Antunes (2006), Frigotto (2003), who bring a deep understanding of the subject matter, why are references for analysis in historical-dialectical perspective. On Educational Policy and Teacher Labor, has been taken based on studies of Oliveira (2003); Maués (2006); Shiroma et al. (2007) and others. The authors used to discuss health and illness in general and school were: Bravo (2010, 2011), Codo (2006, 2010), Was (1999), Benevides-Pereira (2006), Minayo (1998) and others. The second stage of construction of this thesis was to field research that served to supplement and clarify questions and doubts about the object of study, structured and semi-structured interview questionnaire being used and the third stage is configured in the definition of categories, from research field. This phase has been characterized by decomposing texts into units, reclassifying them for reunification and was performed in three steps: a preliminary analysis, which consisted of the organization of the material, the exploratory analysis, consisting of coding and classification, and finally the treatment of the results and interpretation, which focused on tabulation and application of descriptive and analytical techniques of data. The survey results indicated that the causes of illnesses in RME are related to: a) working conditions in its broad sense, indicating the existence of processes of intensification and casualization of teaching; b) policies for continuing education requirements with steep grades rating in the Index of Basic Education Development - IDEB; c) the existence of teacher malaise, corroborating the wear and low job satisfaction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adsorção de ciprofloxacino e norfloxacino em solução aquosa por carvão ativado produzido a partir da casca do cupuaçu (theobroma grandiflorum)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-19) NASCIMENTO, Rafael Alves do; COSTA, Cristiane Maria Leal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0581730621014796; FARIA, Lênio José Guerreiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7428609361678173; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-9998
The extensive use of antibiotics has caused several negative consequences for the environment and human health. Fluoroquinolones (FQs), present in the aquatic environment, are of particular concern. This study investigated the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from cupuaçu bark (CAC), an unconventional and low-cost adsorbent. The CAC was characterized physicochemically and the adsorption experiments followed the Box-Behnken design, evaluating the effects of contact time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dosage on the removal and adsorption capacity of CIP and NOR. The optimal conditions of the adsorption process were determined by the desirability function, and under these conditions the kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic adsorption experiments were carried out. CAC showed a similar yield (50.22%) to other activated carbons with H3PO4, low humidity (4.81%) and ash (4.27%). Acidic functional groups were identified in CAC in greater quantities (3.982 mg Eq/g) than basic ones (0.092 mg Eq/g), and the pHPcz was found to be 3.85. A high surface area was quantified (1335.66 m²/g), with an average pore volume and diameter of 0.753 cm³/g and 2.206 nm, respectively. Due to the zwitterionic characteristics of CIP and NOR, adsorption was more efficient at pH 5.0. In this condition, the CAC assumes a basic character and as the CIP and NOR molecules are predominantly in their cationic forms, the electrostatic interaction is facilitated. The optimal conditions for CIP adsorption were: time of 266.40 min, concentration of 192 mg/L and dosage of 0.57 g/L; for NOR, 273.60 min, 186 mg/L and 0.55 g/L. The pseudo-second order (PSO) model and the external mass transfer resistance (EMTR) model best fitted the experimental data, indicating that external mass diffusion was the controlling step of adsorption. The Langmuir model indicated that adsorption occurred in a monolayer, with CIP adsorption capacities of 6.02 mg/g and NOR of 5.70 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption of CIP and NOR on CAC predominantly involves physisorption. The suggested mechanism for the adsorption of CIP and NOR on CAC may involve electrostatic forces, π-π interactions and hydrogen bonds. CAC regeneration was more effective with NaOH, but after two cycles of use, the percentage of CIP and NOR removal decreased to less than 50%. Thus, CAC proved to be an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of CIP and NOR, also contributing to the reuse of cupuaçu biomass.