Artigos Científicos - FACS/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2797

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Reciprocidade e ação coletiva entre agricultores familiares no Pará
(Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 2017-04) SCHMITZ, Heribert; MOTA, Dalva Maria da
The aim of this article is to analyze the persistence of collective action in the community Santa Ana, Mãe do Rio, Pará State, Brazil. The analytical framework is part of the debate on the motivation for people to engage voluntarily in collective action. In this article, the relationships of reciprocity to collective action undertaken within the scope of the peasants’ organizations are addressed. The methodology consisted of a case study, with collection of secondary data, observations of cooperative events realized by the groups and interviews with residents and leaders. The results demonstrate that collective action takes different shapes, depending on the existence of reciprocal relationships among the participants of these organizations in Santa Ana.
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Infância e promessa: notas baseadas no pensamento de Theodor Adorno
(Faculdade de Educação da Unicamp, 2018-12) SANTOS, Patrícia da Silva
Based on the thought of Theodor Adorno, this article aims to relate the concept of childhood with those of civilizational process and education. In view of the main diagnosis of the so-called “critical theory” of society – i.e., the one of the interlacing between myth and enlightenment throughout the process of development of the Western civilization – the intention is to demonstrate how childhood, through its specific dynamics, can be seen as a kind of promise that beckons to the possibility of a “right life” amidst the understanding that “there is no right life in the false one”. This reflection should also serve to point out some consequences of the perception of childhood in the Adornian idea of education.
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Dos imaginários sobre a iniciação sexual: intersecções de gênero, raça/cor e sexualidade entre jovens de camadas populares em Belém, Pará
(Centro Latino-Americano em Sexualidade e Direitos Humanos, 2017-04) REIS, Ramon Pereira dos; SILVA FILHO, Mílton Ribeiro da
This paper proposes an analysis, based on interviews conducted in the project “‘To enter into a world that is not mine’: sexual initiation in interviews with poor young people and middle classes in the city of Belém (Pará), Brazil”. It analyzed the “sexual scripts” of young women and men (heterosexual and homosexual), residing in “central” and “peripheric” areas in Belém, the capital of Pará, Brazil. Our locus of research was the institution Casa do Estudante Universitário do Pará (CEUP), with locations in a middle class/upper middle class neighborhood, and in the Guamá suburb, a “periphery” of Belém. We emphasize the significant role of families of origin in the reproduction of social and sexual conduct, and the different ways interviewees manage sexual initiation according to beliefs and imaginaries situated at the intersection of gender, sexuality and race/color.
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Território de ação local e de desenvolvimento sustentável: efeitos da reivindicação socioambiental nas ciências sociais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06) TEISSERENC, Pierre; TEISSERENC, Maria José da Silva Aquino
This article discusses the changes in the concept of territory as a privileged environment for the production of public action. In a context of globalization and environmentalization of conflicts, the territory becomes an object of socio-environmental claim for some of the so-called traditional populations, which enables them to value native knowledge, affirm a political identity, and assure with full legitimacy the control of their collective destiny. At the same time, in the field of the social sciences, the analysis of territory traditionally identified with History and Geography becomes an object of interest to Sociology and Political Sciences as well. That has resulted in a renovation of the territorial issue that serves as the basis for not only the economic, social, and cultural vision of the territory, but also for its political perspective
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Homem negro, negro homem: masculinidades e feminismo negro em debate
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04) CONRADO, Monica Prates; RIBEIRO, Alan Augusto Moraes
For this article, at first, we situate the emergence of concepts Blackness, Black Experience and intersectionalities in the context of the history of black feminist thought in the United States. Then, considering that bell hooks and Patricia Collins elaborated analyzes and theoretical reflections on black men and masculinities from an intersectional perspective, we seek score with other authors in Brazil and abroad, how mobilized ideas and perspectives of analyzes that are binding or not in connection with the theoretical positions of both authors. Finally, our interest is to become evident in need of discussion of stereotypes that can contribute to the construction of other senses, other narratives, other versions on the chosen debate.
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As Catadoras de mangaba no Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos – PAA: um estudo de caso em Sergipe
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-09) MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SCHMITZ, Heribert; SILVA JÚNIOR, Josué Francisco da; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; OLIVEIRA, Tania Carolina Viana de
This article is about the experience of a group of women in the commercialization of gathered wild fruits through the governmental Food Purchase Program (PAA) in the Brazilian State of Sergipe. The analytical framework is associated to the debate on poverty and specific public policies for traditional communities in rural areas. The women hold a collective identity as the mangaba gatherers, based on their use of common pool resources with low environmental impact. They mobilize themselves through the MCM – Movimento das Catadoras de Mangaba, Mangaba Gatherer Women´s Movement. Although they have recently been recognized as having specific legal rights, they are experiencing the dwindling of the resources they gather, as well as difficulties in commercialization of the fruits due to their seasonality and the unpredictability of access. The research was carried out between 2008 and 2011 and involved direct and participant observations and open-ended interviews. The main results show that the PAA has contributed to increased income, consumption and self-esteem. There was a re-arrangement in their way of participating in the program, meanwhile some of their traditional practices were relegated. The program rules were re-signified and adapted locally. While growing solidarity has been observed among the gatherers, competition for the fruits has also increased.
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O Trabalho familiar extrativista sob a influência de políticas públicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SCHMITZ, Heribert; SILVA JÚNIOR, Josué Francisco da; RODRIGUES, Raquel Fernandes de Araújo
This paper assesses the relationship between the family labor organization in the extractive activity and the involvement in public policy programs in Sergipe State. The research was predominantly carried out through a qualitative approach with women self-appointed as mangaba gatherers and “marisqueiras”. This is a relevant segment to the “traditional people and communities” affiliated to the closed season insurance of artisanal fishermen (SDPA), the family grant program (PBF), and the Brazilian food acquisition program (PAA). The research approach included observations and interviews with different social actors involved in the extractive activity and public policy programs. The main findings show that public policies programs: i) influence the reorganization of everyday work in the extractive activity, especially concerning the reduction of the participation of young people and children in the activity and the intensity of working hours; ii) strengthen the traditional roles of men and women in the PBF and dilute the frontiers between these roles through the PAA program; iii) decreases the workload through the SDPA program and increases it in the PAA; and iv) affect the different significances attributed to labor.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre eleitoras e elegíveis: as mulheres e a formação do eleitorado na democracia brasileira - quem vota? quem se candidata?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12) ÁLVARES, Maria Luzia Miranda
This proposal examines the making of the Brazilian electorate through analysis of the country's constitutions and electoral laws, as well as a specific historical literature, noting how Brazilian citizens - women and men - are considered as voters and as eligible persons, as well as the legal training related to party affiliation. This approach sheds light on forms of exclusion and inclusion that affect Brazilian women, women's strategies in overcoming legal discrimination, and the political achievements that paved the way to access to formal education, to diverse careers and to the revision of the Civil Code. Gradually, the barriers to women's political participation were removed, following the complaints of feminist movements and literate women who agitated for legal reforms and for the constitutional guarantee of their rights. Authoritarianism and democracy alternated during the republican years, giving rise to changes in Brazil's electoral rules which recognized the status of women as voters and as eligible for office. Primary (constitutions, electoral codes and the statutes of the current parties) and secondary sources were used to evaluate the development of political citizenship (active and passive), the making of the electorate (right to vote and to be a candidate), of candidates with no party ties (during the Empire) and within the parties (affiliations) after the founding of the Republic.
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Análise agrossocial da percepção de agricultores familiares sobre sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste do estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-12) HENKEL, Karl
In 2005 a case study was undertaken in agroforestry systems as practiced by family farmers in the Arapuã-Simeira colonization project, municipality of Garrafão do Norte, Pará state, in northern Brazil, with the purpose of describing and systematizing the agrosocial characteristics of the family farmers and their experiences and perceptions of agroforestry systems. The methodology consisted of field research, application of standard questionnaires, observation and discussion in group. Farmers gave preference to some perennial cultures and forest species for intercropping, and the main explication for the introduction of species in their fields was economic gain and social behavior. Multifaceted thinking is seen in the choice of agriculture products and management options, resulting in each property having a combination of different agricultural systems that are adapted to local conditions. The farmer knows better than anyone else how to determine the ideal combination for his agricultural system. The study shows the agrosocial and socialcultural trajectory of the farmers and hypothesis are advanced on what would imply the adoption of agroforestry systems in family agriculture. A systemic approach can be very useful in understanding the relationships and social processes that are important aspects of the rural and agrarian question.
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Pedra do Peixe: redes sociais na circulação do pescado do Ver-o-Peso para a cidade de Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12) SILVA, Luiz de Jesus Dias da; RODRIGUES, Carmem Izabel
This article aims to present an ethnography on the social network involved in the circulation process of the fish that arrives daily to the market Ver-o-Peso, the main warehouse fishing in the Amazon region, and is distributed throughout the city of Belém, Pará. Every day the fresh fish, captured and brought in fishing vessels, enters the urban area by the Pedra do Peixe, spatial and symbolic milestone in the market Ver-o-Peso, where it is is sold and distributed in the city and other places of the state and country, to reach the final consumers who are at fairs, markets, supermarkets and other retail outlets, as well as the diverse restaurants in the form of prepared regional dishes to the many lovers of the product. This extensive network of marketing of fish has economic, social, cultural, rules, informalities and conflicts that make the circulation of fish in Belém remains, to the present, very powerful, and the Pedra do Peixe at Ver-o-Peso as the centrality of their daily flow through the networks of relationships and sociocultural practices incorporated by workers and customers that circulate daily by this central space of the city.
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Gramsci, o capital supranacional e o novo teorema da política
(2006-10) MELLO, Alex Bolonha Fiúza de
Gramsci is a current author and theorizer of the globalization of capitalism, though still unknown, even in the field of Marxism, amongst its dominant tendencies. Thinking globalization, the twenty-first century, as well as the new political conjuncture amid contemporaneity, is a most relevant intellectual challenge that has in Gramsci – for surprise of some and denial of others – one of its most stimulating and revealing sources. It is fascinating to unveil in his writings theses that are essential in order to reflect some of the most relevant current themes in global horizons.
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O espaço e o tempo feminino num dia qualquer: Belém 1960
(1995) ÁLVARES, Maria Luzia Miranda
Embora até hoje incipiente, não se pode dizer que o cinema paraense inexista. Alguns filmes realizados têm apresentado esparsas demonstrações, por vezes corajosas, de cineastas conterrâneos esforçados em usar a linguagem das imagens para captar aspectos documentais e/ ou ficcionais da sociedade, em épocas variadas. Libero Luxardo, paulista de Sorocaba, radicado em Belém desde a década de 40, insere-se entre os que já tentaram fazer cinema no Pará. Com uma obra premiada e clássica (Alma do Brasil - A Retirada da Laguna/ Mato Grosso/ 1931), pode ser visto competindo com alguns cineastas da sua época. Introduziu-se no meio paraense através da profissão que abraçara no sul, realizando documentários. Os filmes de ficção vieram depois, mas os dois gêneros usaram como background, a místico-exótica Amazônia. Uma de suas primeiras iniciativas cinematográficas para fixar-se no Pará foi Amanhã Nos Encontraremos, filme inacabado realizado na década de 40. Na segunda Interventoria de Magalhães Barata, o cineasta procurou registrar as benfeitorias governamentais dessa fase populista da política paraense. Entre os dados recolhidos da imprensa deste período, há notícias sobre os projetos a serem desenvolvidos por ele. Um outro dado muito significativo é dado pelo pesquisador Alfredo Wagner sobre a existência, na Região do Arari, de um caboclo que teria sido ator de filmes de Luxardo. A cinebiografia mais recente do cineasta aponta os seguintes filmes: Um Dia Qualquer (1962), Marajó, Barreira do Mar (1964), Um Diamante e Cinco Balas (1966) e Brutos Inocentes (1974). Da fase partidária e política, ressalta-se o documentário O Enterro de Magalhães Barata (1959), entre os inúmeros que realizou ao registrar as obras oficiais do governo baratista. O resgate histórico da passagem de Libero Luxardo pelo Pará está merecendo a atenção do pesquisador de cinema. Por ora, meu interesse em contextualizar sua obra deve-se a um tópico instigativo a ser desenvolvido: qual o olhar de Libero sobre as mulheres paraenses da década de 60 no filme Um Dia Qualquer? O tema pretende recobrir uma fase do cinema paraense, momento em que as mudanças culturais e sociais estão fazendo-se no mundo. Objetiva pensar também, nestes cem anos de cinema, as contribuições a ele dadas pela cultura paraense.
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Análise da não resposta em surveys políticos
(2012-06) HENKEL, Karl
This article focuses on the social structure of the interviewed that practiced nonresponse item in a survey on political issues. For this was carried out a survey with 2.010 young voters of public schools in Belém (PA). The share of non response increase with the change of one lifecycle to another one or with the proper experience gained by the effects of the public politics, what leaves the interviewed in doubt in relation to the values and opinions established.
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Deus e o Diabo nos detalhes: a ética em Buber e Adorno
(2003) MENDONÇA, Kátia Marly Leite
The author approaches Violence from a ''personalist and phenomenological'' perspective, so that the issue do not remain exclusevily referred to its usual sense, the violation of physical integrity. The article takes M. Buber and T. Adorno philosophies – both concerned with the construction of a ''phenomenology of sensibilities'' – as a support for its own elaboration, and compares their ethical implications, showing how a enlarged understanding of Violence rises from that point of view.
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Faoro e o encontro entre ética e política
(1999-12) MENDONÇA, Kátia Marly Leite
The ethical question is central in Raymundo Faoro's writings argues the Author, for whom Faoro's work, since his classic Os Donos do Poder forty years ago, shows his quality as a political educator throughout.
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Um projeto civilizador: revisitando Faoro
(1995) MENDONÇA, Kátia Marly Leite
Raymundo Faoro's interpretation of the formation of a ruling "bureaucratic status group" in Portugal and afterwards in Brazil is examined. Unlike his great contemporary Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Faoro's conception is "civilizing", it is argued: it is more concerned with the search of the "Other" than with proposals that imply the approval of the origins.
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Os reflexos de Bolonha e a América Latina: problemas e desafios
(2011-06) MELLO, Alex Bolonha Fiúza de; DIAS, Marco Antonio Rodrigues
This paper describes the Bologna Process, presents its evolution and analyzes the progress of its implementation in Europe and the diffculties it has faced. It provides a detailed analysis of the objections to the process itself and to its uncritical application in other parts of the world, especially in Latin America. The main criticism of Bologna is that the international agencies have issued guidance that directly or indirectly delegate the function of main provider of higher education, traditionally performed by the State, to the private sector. Bologna reforms have affected everything from the legal regime of the institutions and of the teaching careers to public funding and a new accreditation system.
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A SUDAM e a crise da modernização forçada: reforma do estado e sustentabilidade na Amazônia
(2001-06) BRITO, Daniel Chaves de
This article presents a study of the crisis of the politics of development of the Amazônia. In a first level, it focus in the perspective of the State reform in the 1990s; in a second level it relates that perspective to the need of building a structure that makes possible developmental action based on proposals of sustainability. The analysis ends with the presentation of some proposals of reform made by developmental institutions (SUDAM/BASA) and, in this context, it shows the difficulties to transform a system that has been based on patrimonial principles in its political actions.
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Gestão coletiva de bens comuns no extrativismo da mangaba no nordeste do Brasil
(2009-12) SCHMITZ, Heribert; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SILVA JÚNIOR, Josué Francisco da
This article analyses the collective management of common goods within the context of mangaba fruit collection; it focuses on the access to resources, the institutional arrangements and the social conflicts among the involved actors. The research was undertaken in northeastern Brazil and is based on observations, interviews and secondary data. The study demonstrates the existence of well preserved mangaba trees due to collective management.
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Atores, canais de comercialização e consumo da mangaba no nordeste brasileiro
(2008-03) MOTA, Dalva Maria da; SCHMITZ, Heribert; SILVA JÚNIOR, Josué Francisco da
The aim of this article is to analyse the processes which begins from raw material extraction to the consumption of mangaba, emphazising different actors, their relationships, marketing channels, and consumption characteristics. The research was carried out in the Northeast of Brazil (Brazilian states of Bahia, Alagoas, Sergipe and Pernambuco) using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The main results indicated weak domestication of mangaba trees to attend to an increasing market demand, and threats to extractivism by external factors.