Regularização fundiária urbana e o direito à cidade sustentável na Amazônia: avaliação e mensuração de seus efeitos

Abstract

This thesis approaches the urban land regularization theme as a key to have access to the city and the realization of the right to housing in environmental balance. From this perspective, is developed a matrix of performance evaluation and impact of urban land regularization, which is applied to a framework of urban (in)sustainability in the Western Amazon. Therefore, the different vision and discourses that support land regularization as an instrument of urban policy were taken as the basis for the definition of evaluation indicators. The Amazon is a known territory by social, economic, cultural, urban, environmental and land conflicts, in which the State has extensive areas. On the other hand, large landowners are present under the aegis of economic development that strengthen the idea of absolute property rights to the detriment of their social function. Faced with this paradoxical scenario, it is investigated how and to what extent the policy of urban land regularization can be consolidated as a key to access to the city? This thesis is a hypothesis that the urban regularization policy can consolidate as a key to access to the city in the Amazon, while at the same time fostering municipal development in four capacities: institutional, planning, territorial organization and community assistance. The methodology developed through the field of study on public policy evaluation is based on the articulation of Literature and documents Review and Action Research to define the evaluation matrix and the measuring the effects of land regularization, through the Urban Conformity Index, composed of a set of four groups of indicators. The application of evaluation matrix and the measuring the effects of land regularization in the Amazon took as reference the Case Study within the field of action of the project of Research and Extension developed by the Federal University of Pará in partnership with the Ministry of Cities between 2012 and 2018. That involving six municipalities in the state of Pará, involving six municipalities in the Amazon region of Pará, including Capitão Poço, Concórdia do Pará, Ipixuna do Pará, Mãe do Rio, Nova Esperança do Piriá e Tomé Açu. The obtained results validated the hypothesis of the research, since it was verified that the six municipalities of the case study, submitted to the same conditions of continuous training incentives, logistical support, technological support and technical assistance focused in a urban land regularization, do not produce the same results of productivity, quality and impact on the Urban Conformity Index. And, on the other hand, they reinforced the idea that the property regularity, alone, does not produce the expected effects of land regularization as a key to access to the city. The comparative analyzes and discussions among the municipalities of the experiment suggest that urban land regularization is a key to access to the city when it makes possible the administrative regularity of the property, with an emphasis on territorial planning, through the definition of the land registry plan and inscription municipal, which make it possible to register the Auto de Parcelamento, which in turn, triggers the issuance of the land regularization certificate in favor to the beneficiaries, with official address and incorporated in the municipal management practices. Municipalities that did not present this condition produced efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness effects below the acceptable limit line of urban Conformity, and kept the informal urban centers regularized in the domains, although excluded from the right to sustainable city.