Dissertações em Economia (Mestrado) - PPGE/ICSA
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/14108
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Governança ambiental nos municípios da Amazônia Legal Brasileira através dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável: um exercício de mensuração(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-05) MOIA, Gabriel Costa Maciel; DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883675147089188This present work aims to evaluate the contribution of environmental governance as a mechanism to mitigate environmental issues in the Amazon region, which is intrinsically linked to low social development and high levels of forest loss in the 772 municipalities that make up the Legal Amazon. These municipalities, organically, demonstrate a potentially reduced capacity to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Environmental governance is essential for understanding the involvement of civil society in the dynamics of natural resource exploitation, especially forest resources. In this context, the study primarily utilizes the factorial analysis method, selecting indicators that reflect the quality of environmental governance in the region to promote the SDGs, specifically goals 4 (quality education), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 8 (decent work and economic growth), 13 (climate action), and 15 (life on land). Additionally, indicators were chosen based on the application of what constitutes good governance, referred to in two dimensions, "governance quality" and "access to information and social assistance". The results indicate that environmental governance in the region is characterized by five dimensions: "economic and demographic growth," "educational inefficiency," "forest preservation," "decent housing," and "environmental degradation." Furthermore, in the formation of the final environmental governance index composition, it was observed that municipalities with lower deforestation rates have a better quality of environmental governance, confirming its importance and commitment to meeting the SDGs. It is expected that this work will serve to highlight missed opportunities due to the absence of civil society participation, emphasizing the importance of sustainability for local development.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A trajetória de inovação brasileira e as políticas públicas: uma abordagem da desindustrialização a partir da década de 80(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) PASCOAL, Célia Danielly da Silva; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2876006208419919The present work began with a neo-Schumpeterian approach highlighting elements such as institutions, in order to build a parallel with the concept of paradigms and innovation, with the aim of emphasizing the path taken by firms, which developed through routines, as being procedures that tend to include improvements that drive a country's economic growth. Since, when this accumulation of knowledge does not occur continuously or is interrupted, there is a delay as a whole. The path taken by Brazilian industry through its three phases emphasized in this study is directly connected with the five analytical currents developed in the literature on deindustrialization. It became the orderly and necessary sequence to create a consistent foundation, with the aim of discussing the public policies that were employed in the same period in the world context, mentioning the example of some countries and how they improved their respective plants by investing in R&D, and compare them with the policies implemented in Brazil. In this way, the data served as support for the ratification of the deindustrialization process in Brazil experienced from the 1980s onwards.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ensaios sobre distribuição, mudanças climáticas e produtividade no Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-06) LIMA, Andressa Magalhães; ALENCAR, Douglas Alcântara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6019986023580234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-998XThe dissertation addresses two articles that investigate different aspects of Brazilian economic growth and its relationship with factors such as income distribution and pollution. These studies offer an in-depth analysis of Brazil's economic dynamics, highlighting the importance of understanding the complex interactions between economic and environmental variables. The first article, titled "Brazilian Economic Growth in Light of Post-Keynesian Theory of Functional Income Distribution", examines the application of post-Keynesian theory to understand whether Brazil's economic growth between 2003 and 2015 was driven by wages or profits. The analysis concludes that the period in question was characterized by profit-led growth. The second article, "Growth, Productivity Regime and Pollution Applied to the Brazilian Economy from 1980-2016", explores how pollution, especially CO2 emissions, influence Brazilian economic growth within the context of post-Kaleckian growth regimes. It is concluded that the concentration of pollution has a negative impact on labor productivity, leading to a Brazilian economy under a profit-led growth regime during the period from 1980 to 2016. Both articles contribute to a deeper understanding of the determinants of Brazilian economic growth and offer important insights for the formulation of public policies aimed at sustainable and inclusive development. In short, the dissertation provides a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the challenges and opportunities faced by the Brazilian economy in its search for balanced and environmentally responsible economic growth.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados no Brasil e o papel do Bolsa Família: uma abordagem baseada na pesquisa de orçamentos familiares(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) LOBO, Hiran Julio da Fonseca; VOGT, Camila De Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5931551158048124This study focuses on analyzing the composition of Brazilians’ diets, highlighting the proportion of macronutrient consumption from ultra-processed foods and its relation to the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). Considering that the consumption of these food groups is influenced by inequalities in food systems, and therefore related to the socioeconomic and regional characteristics of beneficiaries. Using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics’ (IBGE) 2017-2018 Family Budget Survey (POF), we applied a multinomial logit model to identify the variables determining the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods in the diet. Additionally, we employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to analyze the impact of BFP on the consumption of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The results of the multinomial logit model indicate that the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods increases when households are located in urban areas. In these cases, there is a 111% increase in the chances of consuming more than 60% of calories from processed and ultra-processed foods. For the South, Southeast, and Northeast regions, the chances increase by 67%, 96.7%, and 83.3%, respectively. However, for the northern region, the chances decrease by 17%. Regarding the program’s impact results, after conducting PSM, the results indicate a reduction in the average of 2.42% of calories from these foods, a reduction of 1.88% for carbohydrates, a reduction of 1.85% for proteins, and a reduction of 2.32% for lipids. However, even with the program generating this effect, the average consumption of these foods for beneficiaries corresponds to about one-third of their diet.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pobreza multidimensional na Amazônia Legal: uma perspectiva das atividades econômicas ambientais entre 2000 e 2010(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-15) OLIVEIRA, Rickson Nixon Barbosa; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382The Legal Amazon encompasses nine states (Amazonas, Amapá, Acre, Rondônia, Roraima, Pará, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Mato Grosso), comprising 772 municipalities and the Amazon rainforest, rich in natural resources. The dynamics between individuals and the re gion's resources are evident in the diverse environmental economic activities, ranging from agriculture, livestock, mineral extraction, and forest production to activities that seek to reduce or cause environmental impact. Previous studies, such as Celenta no (2010), Diniz (2007), Sousa (2016), Rosa (2021), and Kageyama (2006), identified that the Amazon region presents high levels of multidimensional poverty, with deficiencies in health, education, and housing conditions. Therefore, this research aims to in vestigate multidimensional poverty in environmental economic activities between 2000 and 2010, to identify whether multidimensional poverty is higher in environmental activities compared to non environmental activities. Thus, the central question of this s tudy is: In which environmental economic activities is multidimensional poverty expressed most prominently? The database used was the Brazilian Demographic Census, and the CNAE 2.0 classification was used to identify environmental economic activities. The Alkire Foster method of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was used to calculate poverty, and Moran's I statistic was used to identify spatial correlations of the MPI between municipalities. The research shows that multidimensional poverty is more pr onounced in activities related to agriculture, livestock, fishing, aquaculture, and forest production. Specifically, in the groups of temporary and permanent crop activities. The states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins are where the MPI is lower compared to th e other states, and the spatial correlation was positive, meaning that there are high MPI values concentrated in municipalities of the Legal Amazon that are correlated with neighboring municipalities, mainly in the region known as the "arc of deforestation".