Teses em Gestão de Recursos Naturais e Desenvolvimento Local na Amazônia (Doutorado) - PPGEDAM/NUMA
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) DESENVOLVIMENTO ORIENTADO AO TRANSPORTE SUSTENTÁVEL: AVALIAÇÃO E DIRETRIZES PARA A ÁREA DE INFLUÊNCIA DO SISTEMA INTEGRADO DE TRANSPORTE METROPOLITANO, NA RODOVIA BR-316 BELÉM-PA 2025(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-20) RIBEIRO, PAULO DE CASTRO; ROCHA, GILBERTO DE MIRANDA; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-4335The Government of the State of Pará is implementing the Integrated Metropolitan Transport System, in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, which has the BR-316 Road as main corridor, in its first 11 kilometers. This project will cause profound changes in this section of the road, due to improvements in its infrastructure and in the operation of the Bus Transport System. Such changes will have a strong impact on the use and occupation of the land on the margins of the corridor and its area of influence, without effective monitoring of these changes by city halls and the state government, causing them to have negative impacts. For the transport system itself and for corridor development. Development Oriented to Sustainable Transport – Dots, is a theory that seeks to maximize the social, environmental and economic benefits in areas of influence of medium and high capacity transport corridors, based on a set of improvements in infrastructure, urban design, in addition to reviewing local urban legislation. The adoption of the Dots principles in the area of influence of the corridor, will improve the operational and economic conditions of the transport system, territorial organization and urban development in these areas. This work seeks from an in-depth assessment of the corridor to define a set of normative and programmatic guidelines, based on the principles of Sustainable Transport Oriented Development, with a view to the urban, economic, social and environmental development of the area of influence of the main corridor of the Integrated Metropolitan Transport System, on the BR Highway -316.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Educação ambiental e gestão do meio ambiente em Maracanã, Pará.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-27) OLIVEIRA, Gabriel Antônio Ribeiro de; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-219X; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-4335The municipality of Maracanã (PA), located in the Amazon Coastal Zone, houses within its limits four conservation units (UCs), three of which are for sustainable use and one for full protection, where those for sustainable use are managed by its own deliberative council, constituted for representation and equal conditions of participation of different sectors of civil society and public institutions. There are also other regular councils in the municipality that deal with public environmental management issues. Public policies and academic-scientific productions recommend that environmental education (EA) induce civil society to actively participate in political life in the defense - in protected areas, or not - of natural resources involved in their social reproduction, where this participation, as long as is emancipated, it constitutes a structuring element of public environmental management, contributing to it, depending on the intentionality of the approach given to EA in its practice. On the other hand, studies indicate that there is weakness in society's participation in public environmental management. From this fragility of population participation and the instrumentality for public environmental management that EA makes possible through the emancipated participation of the population, we arrived at the formulation of the problem of this research, which aims to investigate the Social Representations of EA expressed by groups of actors who practice EA in Maracanã. The theoretical basis for carrying out this investigation included, in addition to the Theory of Social Representations, discussions by Brazilian researchers on EA and contributions from Social Management as an analytical field of organizational sciences. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research in terms of its objective, which used content analysis and the descending hierarchical classification of the iramuteq software to analyze the data, which were collected through interviews with semi-structured questions. The results showed that the approach to the conception of EA manifested by the social representations of the interviewed actors does not include the emancipated participation of the population as an intention of EA. From these conclusions, two products were prepared - an improvement course (aimed at the various actors who practice EA in the municipality) and a technical note (directed at the Municipal Public Power of Maracanã) - with a view to intervening to improve the conception of EA in the municipality of Maracanã in order for it to be understood and treated as a structuring element of environmental policies and as an inducer of the emancipated participation of the population in public environmental management.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Gestão integrada de recursos hídricos por comitês de bacia hidrográfica na Amazônia: o caso do comitê da bacia hidrográfica do rio Marapanim, no Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-29) SILVA JUNIOR, Monaldo Begot da; FLORES, Maria do Socorro Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8875436559577793; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-6938; MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384080521072847; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5584-8688The main objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of water resources management by a river basin committee in the Amazon of Pará and the creation and performance of the Marapanim River Basin Committee (CBHRM). There is an institutional asymmetry among the regions of Brazil regarding the implementation of water resources management by basin committees, because the North region has the lowest percentage of its territorial area covered by committees, in relation to the other Brazilian regions and that is why the study of the creation of the CBHRM, the first in Pará, is justified. The research was guided by the interdisciplinary epistemological approach. The theory of commons and socio-ecological systems (SES) were used as theoretical and methodological contributions and the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This research has a qualitative nature, a descriptive approach and it was decided to conduct it through the case study methodology. The methodological procedures of content analysis were used with the help of IRAMUTEQ. The results demonstrated the emergence of 6 classes of words, which were grouped into four categories. In the results presented by the ecological category, it was noted the combination between the variable of resource system and unit of resources, symbolizing, respectively, the Marapanim River Basin (BHRM) and its water resources. The category of actors was related to the organization and interests of the government, water users and civil entities in the creation of the CBHRM, which symbolizing the category of the governance system. The category of interactions and results demonstrated the role of CBHRM to structure itself as a new institution of participation in water management. The theoretical contribution of this research is based on the recognition that for the collective construction of the watershed as a socio-ecological system, its actors must share a common thought about the needs of an integrated management of water resources by a basin committee, aiming at local development. In addition, the research contributed in a practical way with SEMAS and CBHRM to the elaboration of the future plan of the Marapanim River basin through the technological product entitled "Participatory Diagnosis of the Socioecological System of the Marapanim River Basin". Another applicable contribution of this research is the technological product entitled "Technical Report of the Case Study of the Marapanim River Basin Committee", which is intended for the members of the collegiate, with a view to expanding knowledge for decision-making. It is concluded that the social actors of the Marapanim River basin, including water users and civil entities, have recognized their common socio-ecological problems and also the need for organization in the interest of transforming their political relations to favor the creation of their committee, which has limited decision-making power, reduced scope, results restricted to institutional formalization and still needs to mature the common understanding of its competencies and expand the scope of the their knowledge about the variables of the socio-ecological system of the respective basin, involving public actors.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Impactos socioambientais da implantação de grandes projetos na Amazônia: uma análise da percepção ambiental no município de Barcarena (Pará, Brasil)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-28) ALMEIDA, Raimundo da Costa; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-5394The present project proposes to carry out a study of environmental perception on the large mining enterprises in the Municipality of Barcarena, in the State of Pará. The study will be carried out based on the hierarchy of needs proposed by Abraham Maslow (2014), sustainable development variables and large mining projects in the Amazon. The research will seek to answer the following question: How does the implementation of large projects in the Amazon affect the environmental perception of the population of the municipality of Barcarena (Pará, Brazil), considering the socio-environmental impacts resulting from these projects? The main hypothesis for this question considers that: the implementation of large projects in the Amazon has caused significant socio-environmental impacts in the municipality of Barcarena (Pará, Brazil), which affect the environmental perception of the local population. And it will have as its general objective: To understand, from the perception of society in the Municipality of Barcarena, how the variables of sustainable development (social, economic, spatial, environmental, cultural and political) are impacted by large mining projects in the Amazon. The specific objectives will be: to examine whether political leaders, representatives of organized civil society and the population of the Municipality of Barcarena, through their perceptions, relate the negative externalities that impact the Municipality to large mining enterprises; assess whether large mining projects are implemented in a Top Down manner; and analyze, based on official data, how mining projects in the municipality of Barcarena have impacted on sustainable development. The product generated by the research will be a manual for claiming, monitoring and controlling the implementation of mitigation measures for large projects in the Amazon. The survey will be carried out with the application of online questionnaires to the population and in person to a sample of the target audience of the online survey, with the aim of carrying out the reambulation of the online survey. A social cartographic survey will also be carried out, with the traditional population impacted by mining projects.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Indicação Geográfica centrada em políticas públicas: um processo em construção no estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-06) TAGORE, Márcia de Pádua Bastos; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-219X; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-9646The research addresses Geographical Indication (GI) as an important strategy of support territorial development and bioeconomy for the Amazon of Pará as it includes information on the origin and process of products capable of providing visibility of the territories' potential, in addition to responding to growing market demands that seek differentiated products. of the bioeconomy. The research analyzes the extent to which Geographical Indication can be effective, considering the factors of recognition, appreciation and protection of knowledge, as an innovative instrument of public policy based on the socio-biodiversity of the Amazon. The central theoretical question that guided the research was: to what extent is the GI focused on public policies effective, in its constitution, implementation and consolidation phases? As the research was formatted within a professional postgraduate program that aims to result in the practical applicability of knowledge, a question of a more empirical-applied nature was also constructed, namely: how has the implementation of state GI policy in the state of Pará? Considering the object of the research, territorial development was defined as a base theory and three conceptual categories: territory, public policies and geographical indication, with emphasis on the normative character of the GI. The research adopted the method of participant observation, allowing reflections within the process of which the researcher was part, both in the constitution of state public policy and GI experiences, through the Technical Forum of Geographical Indication and Collective Marks of the State of Pará. A diagnosis was carried out with the participation of actors involved in the process of the 4 selected GIs, Tomé-Açu, Marajó and Bragança, located in the state of Pará, and the Andirá-Marau Indigenous Land, which is located on the border between the states of Pará and Amazonas. During the process, data collection instruments, interviews, questionnaires and construction of SWOT matrices were used. The research demonstrates that theoretically, GI centered on state public policies can be effective as long as it is deployed in programs and projects that include support for the constitution, implementation and consolidation phases of each GI. Empirically, focusing on public policy through the implementation of the Incentive Program for Geographical Indications of the State of Pará, the research concludes that for GI to be more effective there is a need for a public policy management structure that supports material resources , financial and monitoring over a long period of time that involves awareness, training, market analysis, marketing project and the implementation of a digital control and traceability platform for monitoring GIs. As products resulting from the research, the following are presented: a) Technical Note: Propositions to the State Program of Incentive to Geographical Indications and Collective Trademarks of the State of Pará; b) Newsletter on Geographical Indications of the State of Pará; c) Procedural Protocol to Support Geographical Indications d) Geographical Indications Training Project of the State of Pará.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Alimentação escolar e agricultura familiar em instituições federais de ensino superior: uma via de mão dupla(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-14) PORTAL, Riziane Duarte; LOPES, Luis Otávio do Canto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1013147545099173; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/37614181694544900The National School Meals Program (PNAE) - the largest and oldest public policy in the area of food and nutrition in Brazil, constituting a strategy for Food and Nutrition Security (SAN) - aims to promote and ensure access to adequate food for students in basic education. The Federal Law 11947/2009, links PNAE to family farming, determining that the minimum percentage of 30% of the financial resources transferred by the Union is for the purchase of food from this productive category. This paper analyzed the process of acquisition and supply of food from family farming to meet the school meals of the Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES) of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB) as a tool for local development and for Food and Nutritional Security, including the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is presented as a qualitative research of theoretical-empirical nature combining exploratory and descriptive elements, having in its procedures the bibliographic and documentary research and on-site interviews with the actors involved in the procurement process in the IFES of the RMB and with family farmers participating and not participating in the PNAE. It was found that the organization of PNAE in the IFES of the RMB meets the Law No. 11947/2009, regarding the purchase of foodstuffs from family farming, and that it has shown important advances, although limiting factors are still present, such as production planning and its inherent issues (insufficient quantity produced, little variety of products offered), compliance with the agenda of requests and sanitary legislation, low participation in public calls, difficulties in understanding the legislation and procedural barriers within the institutions. It was verified that in the pandemic period normative rules were created for the execution of PNAE and the IFES of RMB developed strategies such as the maintenance of income support, support for food distribution and also a campaign to collect food baskets, opting for not distributing family farming products. It can be inferred that the PNAE has the capacity for greater use, both by the Public Administration and by family farmers, so it requires good coordination between those who buy and those who sell, considering all those involved in the process, since the program has its own complexity, being necessary to improve the program to the specificities of the IFES in order to improve the process of purchases from family farming, contributing to local development and to Food and Nutrition Security.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ativação do potencial bioeconômico das plantas medicinais amazônicas: uma proposta para Marapanim-PA à luz das experiências coletivas da etnofarmácia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-19) PINHEIRO, Ailton Castro; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-219X; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-8245The objective of this work is to participate in actions in the area of phytotherapy in Marapanim- PA, to help project the structuring of the Local Productive Arrangement of Phytotherapy, provided for in the Municipal Phytotherapy Law of the municipality and, with this, contribute to the development of Bioeconomy in Pará Amazon, in the perspective of sustainable territorial development. For this, the following starting question was adopted: how to structure a bioeconomic APL of herbal medicines in Marapanim-PA to improve the quality of life of social actors? As a starting theoretical approach, sustainable territorial development was chosen, specifically, the relationship between territorial heritage and specific resource that, when confronted with the empirical dynamics of Marapanim-PA, needed new interdisciplinary connections, until it was consolidated in the proposition of the concept system: Territorial Social Innovation. The research has an interdisciplinary theoretical approach and is classified as an action research. Data collection took place through bibliographic research, documentary research and participant observation. Data were analyzed using the analytical instruments derived from the analysis model: a diagnosis and two projections. The results of the analytical process indicate that the heritage of Marapanim-PA has potential factors for structuring a bioeconomic cluster of herbal medicines; however, the biggest obstacle is the lack of participation of local actors in the collective action of territorial development conducted by Ethnopharmacy. This immobilization of local actors occurs due to the existence of territorial liabilities in the territorial heritage, such as little confidence and fiscal problems. As a technological result, the thesis generated two products: a pilot project to assist in structuring the APL and a pilot action plan to contribute to the activation process.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A regularização fundiária urbana e o acesso à justiça ambiental: a mediação na regularização fundiária urbana e ambiental no estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-09) BITTENCOURT, Márcio Teixeira; ROCHA, Gilberto de Miranda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2436176783315749; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986Specialized technical mediation is one of the forms of access to Environmental Justice to contribute to the implementation of land (register) urbanistic and environmental (Reurb) regularization in the Amazon. The research built inter-institutional specialized technical mediation dynamics, with the purpose of territorial requalification, taking into account the prevention of environmental disasters. The specific objectives collaborate with the reconstruction of the Environmental Justice System through the application of interinstitutional mediation techniques in the four phases of the Environmental Justice System, (Administrative, Pre-Procedural, Procedural and Post-Procedural), presented as Technical Products of the Thesis. Faced with the need to train professionals capable of specialized technical mediation of conflicts, technical products from the training axis are presented, including specific objectives. The research considers necessary a requalification of professionals to be able to manage the territory for present and future generations and not a training aimed at producing more while spending less and less. More than one research model is presented, the main one being the territorial approach to development as action research, that is, while the research was being carried out the technical products were under construction. Jurimetry analysis was used to present the non-materialization of conflicts. Thus, the nucleus of environmental conciliation had been directed to the filing of environmental assessments and not to the treatment and accountability for territorial conflicts. Jurimetrically, the research used biostatistics to make correlations between deforestation rates, environmental assessments and environmental processes of specialized judicial units in the Metropolitan Region of Belém. Noting that since 2018 the trend has been an increase in deforestation rates, with a decrease in environmental assessments and, consequently, a decrease in environmental processes. Paradoxically, if there are no environmental processes, the territory is pacified and there are no reasons to invest in access to Environmental Justice. In the final considerations, objective propositions will be presented to contribute to the treatment of territorial conflicts with emphasis on the Reconstruction of the Environmental Justice System.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Governanças da água em hidroterritórios conflituosos: possibilidades e limites da aplicação da outorga coletiva no estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-04) MAIA, Paulo Cesar Chagas; MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384080521072847; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5584-8688; VASCONCELLOS SOBRINHO, Mário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7843288526039148; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-219XThis research has the general objective of analyzing the water management model in conflicting hydroterritories and the possibilities of implementing the governance structure and the organization of collective grants. The theoretical framework of the research was outlined under the literature of institutional governance, water governance, integrated management of water resources, hydroterritories, granting of rights to water resources and collective granting. The methodology was based on a case study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. In this analysis, documentary research is also used in texts produced by the State Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS), such as: environmental management reports, state listing of grants and State Water Resources Plan (products and diagnoses), mainly accessing State Information System on Water Resources (SEIRH/PA), in addition to consulting the Report of the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT). The study area of the research was the Araguaia-Tocantins Hydrographic Region (RHAT), more specifically the Itacaiúnas River Hydrographic Basin (BHRI) because it has large mineral enterprises with areas of conflict over water use. The results reveal that the granting of the right to use water works as a disciplinary element to support decision-making processes in the management of the water territory, as it guarantees to mediate the control and use of water in a region, avoiding or reducing adjacent conflicts between the different users, safeguarding an effective exercise of the right of access to this resource through regulation, enabling the use of water in the hydrographic basins of the state of Pará. They show, even though through the grant, the main conflicts for the use of water in RHAT, more specifically in the BHRI, characterizing the generating activities, the municipalities, the use of water, the type and classification of the conflict for the use of water. water, situation and category of conflict in the hydroterritory. In this scenario, there are still many challenges, limitations and difficulties for the process of implementing the grant of water resources in a hydrographic basin, in this case the BHRI and they are: the territorial dimension of the state makes it difficult to carry out technical inspections, the presence of rivers with the influence of the tide, lack of technical training and human resources, release of treated or untreated effluents into the urban drainage network, inconsistencies and quality of information provided in grant requirements, among others. The hydroterritories of the state of Pará are permeated by economic activities, such as: industry, agriculture, hydroelectricity, public supply and mining (large projects, prospecting and prospecting). These activities generate conflicts that are directly or indirectly reflected in the use of water, causing extensive areas degraded by irregular occupation of the soil, pollution and obstruction of watercourses, absence of riparian vegetation, release of domestic and industrial effluents. The research also examined the following possibilities for the implementation of the collective grant: identification of the conflict, preposition of the Local Management Commission, institutionalization of the Basin Committee, technical analysis of the grant and decision-making power. The limits were: notion of water abundance in the Amazon, the managing body in the case of SEMAS, must recognize the presence of conflicts over water use, the non-existence of the Committee at BHRI and the need to strengthen the granting instrument. A participatory governance model was proposed for the use of water at BHRI, using collective entitlement as a local public action.