Trilha de pesquisador e trilha de morador: análise comparativa para o monitoramento da fauna em duas unidades de conservação na Terra do Meio, Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

Abstract

The Amazon has a high diversity of medium and large vertebrates, which are essential for forest dynamics. They stand out for being the most hunted by local human populations and, as a result, it is likely that changes in the composition, wealth and abundance of this group of animals will occur throughout the territory. This human-animal interaction creates disturbances for both parties, reducing the chances of direct or indirect encounters, causing losses to the subsistence hunting of local communities. Due to this situation, the ability of wildlife to persist in areas of varying human densities is discussed, especially in protected areas, and it is necessary to establish monitoring programs to understand and deal with the threats mentioned above. This work sought to evaluate the feasibility of using trails of residents (TM) for monitoring vertebrates, comparing the results obtained in trails of researcher of the protocol TEAM (TPt) and trails of researcher of the Minimum Protocol (TPm). An Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis, rarefaction curves and richness demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the composition of species obtained in TM, TPt and TPm. Despite the significant difference between the areas, the richness and abundance data in TPt were more stable among all registered species, in addition to showing a similarity with the richness and abundance data obtained in TM. Therefore, it is possible that future monitoring actions may take place in the trails of residents present in extractive reserves.