A guerrilha do Araguaia: meios de comunicação contra-hegemônicos da Amazônia para a Europa

Abstract

This study aims at reflecting on the role of counter-hegemonic media in the dissemination of news about the Araguaia Guerrilla in the international, national and regional dimensions and has as empirical objects of analysis the following alternative means of communication: Tirana radio (Albania), newspapers Brazilian Front of Information (1968- 1973) (Chile), Politique Hebdo (1970-1978 / 1982) and Liberatión (1973) (France), A Classe Operária (1925), O Araguaia (1974-1975), Coojornal (1976-1983) and Resistência (1983) (Brazil). For this purpose, we selected placements that approached the Guerrilla, being one of each medium, giving priority to the first identified according to the chronological order. These alternative media referres to the Araguaia Guerrilla, a movement of armed resistance to the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985) that took place between the 1960s and 1970s, in southeastern Pará, while it was still in progress and under the gag of the Brazilian State. The hypothesis is that even these mediums were produced at different scopes and locations, they were fed by one or more networks of information, concerned with publicizing the conflict. The problem that gave rise to this research was: how did Guerrilla news reach the international counterhegemonic media if the conflict was denied by the Brazilian Military Regime and was not reported in the official press at the time of its occurrence? In order to be able to unveil the object of study that has been missed, we look for fundamental concepts such as the one of hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramsci (1999), that approaches the domain of a group that holds financial and / or intellectual capital over another that holds The condition of oppressed, this alludes to counter-hegemony, here anchored by Denis de Moraes (2011). Other precepts were fundamental as the press censorship debated by Karl Marx (2006) at the international level, and by Beatriz Kushnir (2015) and Anne-Marie Smith (2000) at the national level. We also focus on the radical and alternative media that challenge the status quo, through John Downing (2002) and Cecilia Peruzzo (2006), among others. Therefore, for the Guerrilla, we studied the works of Fernando Portela (1986), Élio Gáspari (2002) and Paulo Fonteles Filho (2013) The research was relevant since it raised counter-hegemonic media that approached the subject of the Guerrilla and, nevertheless, had not been worked previously. In addition to the novelty, the study made us realize that, even though the national press was censored on the subject, the subject reached international vehicles, and these were fundamental for the conflict to be registered and legitimized. It was inferred that news was shared by information networks. The research was made using the qualitative techniques proposed by Ortez and Gonzáles and the techniques of content analysis proposed by Laurece Bardin (1979).