Paisagem e retrato: pintura e filosofia em "Humano, demasiado humano" de Nietzsche

Abstract

What is the philosophical orientation that Nietzsche put to himself in Human, All Too Human when he demands such consideration: “The philosophers are used to put themselves in front of life and experience as they were like a painting developed once for all, as a event painted”? In the second volume of the same work there is another aphorismus close to this one: “All the thinkers (philosophers, writers ...) are painters-thinkers (Maler-Denker) that paint their lives, and some of them impose to themselves the “absurd task” to paint „the’ life, in a excessive anxiety. How to caracteriza this position after that? Philosophy and Paiting set a relation that grows in a apropriate oportunity of Human, all too human’s contexto, despite it comes from precedents like the sketch of philosophical portraits in Philosophy in the Greek Tragic Era and the ulterior “Philosophical Autobiography”: the 86‟s Prefaces and Ecce homo. The most importante here is the imagetic and aphorismatic caracterization of Nietzsche‟s works in his “middle and positivist period”. Two ways put bases in this relation between philosophy and painting: 1) the necessity of contextualization grounded in a historical philosophy, 2) together with the moviment of individualization that do not complet a unit, but it constantly transfigure itself. Here one seeks to explain contextualization and individualization, that is, the landscape and portrait are methods of painting that Nietzsche used in philosophy, through the way that both converge to the problems of devir or problems of the historical sense.