Navegação tradicional dos ribeirinhos: uma abordagem sobre a necessidade de compatibilização das normas de segurança da navegação com os direitos das comunidades tradicionais na Amazônia

Abstract

Traditional navigation among riverine communities has multidimensional aspects, linking it to other human rights. Navigation regulations impose standards incompatible with the sociocultural reality of these communities, creating a disconnected system from their human rights. This study addresses the research question: “What principles should guide the development and implementation of navigation regulations to promote waterway traffic safety while respecting the traditional way of life of riverine communities in the Amazon region?” The general objective is to identify the principles that should guide the creation and implementation of navigation regulations to ensure a a safe waterway traffic and respect the traditional lifestyle of Amazonian riverine communities. The specific objectives are: 1 - to demonstrate the cultural importance of navigation in the riverine context; 2 - to explain the organization of the regulatory and normative system related to navigation safety; 3 - to identify the aspirations of riverine communities regarding the right to navigation and the principles connecting the norms and public policies on the subject. The research employed a case study methodology, based on an inductive approach and qualitative analysis, supported by multiple techniques, including field research, semi-structured interviews, experiential focus groups, and intensive non-participant asymmetric direct observation, to mitigate risks and enhance the reliability of the data collected. These were complemented by documentary and bibliographic surveys. The spatial scope included the Bom Remédio Quilombola Community, located on the islands of the Abaetetuba municipality, and the Vila do Pirizinho, in the municipality of Limoeiro do Ajuru, both in Brazil´s state Pará. The thesis is divided into four primary sections, in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The main research results are: 1 - the lack of communication and incompatibility between navigation safety regulations and the human rights of riverine communities; 2 - the recognition by the Eastern Amazon Port Authority of the essential nature of riverine navigation; 3 - the aspirations of riverine communities for an educational and structuring presence of the Brazilian Navy within these communities; 4 - the need for the Brazilian Navy to adapt navigation regulations, respecting the framework established by the International Labour Organization's Convention 169, particularly the right of these communities to participate, making the regulations compatible with the Amazonian riverine context; 5 - the necessity of categorizing riverine navigation, considering its essentiality, multifunctionality, and dynamism; and 6 - the creation of strategies to enhance the presence of the Brazilian Navy in a structuring and educational role, fostering a collaborative sentiment in the community, expanding awareness actions, and enabling reciprocal benefits that improve the lives of riverine inhabitants while making the Navy’s institutional functions more efficient. This research was authorized by the Research Ethics Committee under substantiated report no. 6.021.900.