Qualidade de vida de idosos residentes em contextos urbanos e rurais: análise comparativa

Abstract

The thesis aimed to analyze the quality of life of elderly residents in urban and rural contexts in the city of Belém-PA. Four studies were developed that have a cross-sectional and almost experimental, with a quantitative approach to the data. The study included elderly people over 65 years of age, living in Belém in the urban and rural context, absence of cognitive impairment and suspicion of depressive symptoms. For data collection, the following instruments were used: Questionnaire to characterize participants; Geriatric Depression Scale - GDS 15; Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam - revised version - ACE-R; Questionnaire on housing conditions; Weekly Routine Script; and Brazilian version of the quality of life questionnaire - SF36. The SPSS version 25.0 program was used to tabulate and analyze the data using. The Chi-square test, and / or Test G and Student's T were used in the analysis. It was found in the systematic literature review that cognition is associated with quality of life, especially when related to cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In the urban context, it was observed that 67.3% of the elderly in the urban context are aged between 65 and 74 years old (p = 0.01); they are predominantly female (p = 0.006); most of the elderly have incomplete elementary education (p = 0.01); and the monthly family income predominated from three to four minimum wages (p = 0.005); and 51.5% performed leisure activities. In addition, 84.53% had masonry houses (p = 0.01); 57.7% sound system (p = 0.005); 67% washing machine (p = 0.000); 89.6% ventilator (p = 0.04); 87.1% açaí mixer (p = 0.001); and 12.3% rural telephone (p = 0.000). In the rural context, 5.5% use generators (p = 0.03), 5.5% of rural elderly; from the public network for piped water supply (49.4%), garbage collection (49.4% 1) and sewage network (59.2%). It was found that the activities most cited during the week most cited in the morning and afternoon shifts were Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, Leisure, and Rest and Sleep. The best average (82.7) of quality of life was Mental Health and the best cognitive domain was Attention and Orientation (77.7%). The most negative answer about depressive symptoms was “Abandoned what I did or liked to do”, 55.7% urban and 52.8% rural. However, elderly people from Belen who live in urban and rural contexts do not have significant differences in terms of quality of life, but some variables such as demographic, socioeconomic aspects, lifestyle, health conditions, housing conditions and routine, showed differences It is concluded that the present research addressed issues of social and scientific relevance when investigating aging in urban and rural contexts. It is hoped that the results obtained here may in the future contribute to the implementation of actions aimed at improving aspects related to aging and, consequently, for scientific research.