Geodireito e reconfigurações urbanas na Amazônia: aplicação das geotecnologias na mitigação de Mortes Intencionais Ilícitas (MII) no município de Marituba-PA

Abstract

Issues related to territorial planning have been — and continue to be — addressed in various debates, both inside and outside academic circles. Hence, there is a need to advance studies on territorial management in order to understand past and emerging processes of territorial formation and configuration. The territorial arrangement of the Bragantina Region was reshaped by the Belém-Bragança Railway (EFB), which structured settlements and urban centers. The opening of BR-316 expanded this integration, connecting regional flows and triggering the process of metropolization around Belém. However, while it strengthened economic and social articulation, the highway also brought new challenges related to territorial management, inclusion, exclusion, and the application of legal and spatial norms. Thus, the accelerated urban growth of the municipality of Marituba was not accompanied — either in time or space — by urban planning and management capable of reducing the unequal and fragmented use of space. It has been reflected in poorly organized environments that concentrate crimes against life. Consequently, this research adopted the following guiding question: in what ways can the incorporation of geotechnologies, combined with the foundations of Geolaw, into the urban planning and management of the municipality of Marituba contribute to reducing the rates of Intentional Illegal Deaths (IID)? The theoretical framework of this study is grounded in an interdisciplinary perspective between Geography and Law, addressing legal analyses from a geographical standpoint. These analyses are supported by the use of geotechnologies as an analytical tool for legal norms, thereby contributing to the construction of the Geolaw method. In view of this, this study adopted the following general objective: understanding how the incorporation of geotechnologies, aligned with the foundations of Geolaw, into urban planning and management, can reduce the rates of Intentional Illegal Deaths (IID) in the municipality of Marituba, Pará, between 2019 and 2023. The study began with the hypothesis that the use of geotechnologies in the planning and management of urban space in Marituba can contribute to reducing the rates of Intentional Illegal Deaths (IID). However, this decrease does not necessarily imply a reduction in violence, since criminal factions tend to territorialize and impose new codes of sociability in urban space, producing territorial dynamics that may intensify other forms of violence that are even more complex and diffuse. The applied methodology was Action Research, and the methods included: bibliographic review, document survey, field research, and field diary, with geotechnologies serving as a fundamental tool for spatial representation. The results point to the need to incorporate geotechnologies into the various processes of planning and territorial management, which can rely on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and georeferenced data shared among the different municipal departments that make up local governance. The interdisciplinary discussion between Geography and Law proved essential for obtaining more comprehensive results, both in the analysis of legal provisions lacking spatial reference and in the identification of spatial patterns without proper legal consistency, present both in the historical formation of the municipality and in its current urban dynamics.