A precarização do trabalho realizado em plataforma digital e a reconfiguração do escravizado de ganho

Abstract

This dissertation aims to discuss the impacts of the flexibilization and the precariousness of work on digital platforms and its relationship with the black population. The concept of flexibility is related to the transformations that occurred in the production process and work practices during the 1970s, following the inclusion of elements of the Toyotist model in Western companies, with impacts in Brazil only in the 1990s. This flexibility in work represents a transfer of risks and insecurities to workers and their families. And it was precisely these new forms of work, of a flexible nature, that made the services offered by the company Uber more present in several countries. In this new scenario of the world of work, in the battle for survival and with a distorted view of entrepreneurship, a large number of individuals are subject to informal and unregulated occupations, different from traditional employment relationships. However, it is observed that this phenomenon mainly affects the black population, thus evidencing the presence of a racial division in the labor market in Brazil, a reality that has its roots in the times of slavery. This racial division of labor allows us to draw a parallel between today's app delivery workers and the slaves of the past. Methodologically, the research is exploratory in nature and bibliographical, developed with an analysis of works by theorists such as Ricardo Antunes, Marcela Soares, Ludmila Abílio, Sueli Carneiro, Grada Kilomba, Lívia Sant'anna and others, in search of a relationship between work on digital platforms, contemporary slave labor, the black population and racism, with the delimitation of app delivery workers, mostly men, young and black, who, with due reservations, resemble the slaves of the 19th century. In addition, a survey of statistical data was carried out from various sources, such as research by Aliança Bike, DataFolha, Cebrap, among others. It is concluded that, even though decades have passed and technological advances have appeared, the roots of slavery remain in force, changing only the forms of work, leaving the black population with informality, the absence of labor and social security rights and the deepening of social and racial inequality.