Relação entre qualidade de vida e fatores de apego adulto em mães de crianças com e sem diabetes tipo 1

Abstract

According to Attachment Theory, in the first years of life, the child/infant and their main caregiver create a bond that represents physical and emotional security. It will reflect on relationships throughout the individual's life, even in rewarding or stressful situations such as motherhood. Mothers normally go through situations of pleasure and stress, and when the child presents a specific clinical situation, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, the literature points to higher levels of maternal stress. This may be associated with a reduction in the perception of quality of life, and with greater anxiety and avoidance of adult attachment. This study verified whether there is a relationship between adult attachment factors (anxiety and avoidance) of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the perception of quality of life of these mothers. An analytical descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, for convenience, with adult mothers from all over the Brazilian territory. Two groups were evaluated, group “A” (mothers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus) and group “B” (mothers of children without chronic diseases). Participants were captured via the internet in a Google Forms® questionnaire. As instruments, the following were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire; the Experience in Close Relationship attachment scale and the WHOQOL-abbreviated quality of life perception questionnaire. For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 24.0, was used, considering the significance level of p<0.05. 100 adult Brazilian mothers were evaluated, and although no relationship was found between adult attachment factors and perception of quality of life, a low perception of quality of life was found with statistical significance in almost all domains evaluated in the group of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the inclusion of health care for this population should be considered, in order to reduce the impacts caused by the lower perception of quality of life in these mothers, since well-being being a mother is directly related to taking care of her children.