Sistematização das técnicas aritméticas na Europa do século XIII

Abstract

It is observed that, in the 13th century, Europeans used the abacus and Roman numerals. The abacus, to operationalize your problems, and the Roman numerals, to record them. In that same period, an Italian mathematician called Leonardo Fibonacci (1170 – 1240) came onto the scene who, after his travels in the East, brought an arithmetic that had not been widely disseminated in Europe, as well as Indian ciphers and their decimal positional number system, which were organized and systematized in Liber Abaci. In these circumstances, the question arises: what demands were met in the context of 13th century Europe by the systematization of arithmetic knowledge in the Liber Abaci, written by Leonardo Fibonacci? In the search for an answer to this question, the objective of this research is to identify demands met by the systematization of the set of arithmetic practices in Liber Abaci that were in production and use in Europe in the 13th century. To this end, a qualitative proposal was used, which allowed a reflective and analytical process of the historiographical aspects of the implementation of arithmetic methods and techniques in Europe in the 13th century, guided by the three spheres of analysis of updated historiography. These reflective processes showed that the set of arithmetic practices, arranged and organized in Liber Abaci, was reaching the clergy with the use of liturgical language and assistance in biblical exegesis and counting important dates for Christianity. The organization of this book, which is arranged from simple to complex, shows its interaction with more theoretical treatises, one of the signs that it was in the direction of reaching universities. Its systematization shows a feasible optimization in accounts with high values, so it could be used to move large quantities, whether of goods or monetary values, offering society a clear and reliable criterion in the accounts, which helped to solve commercial and agrarian problems. and taxable. In view of this, the systematization of arithmetic techniques in 13th century Europe contained in the Liber Abaci was meeting religious, academic, social and commercial, urban or mercantile demands.