Quilombolas do Pará: mobilizações, organicidade e resistências na luta antirracista pelo direito à terra na Amazônia paraense

Abstract

This project aims to analyze the leading role of the Quilombola Movement in the state of Pará, based on the political and legal mobilizations that gave rise to its organization as a form of resistance in the anti-racist struggle for the right to land in the Pará Amazon. The locus of the research is the Coordination of Associations of Remaining Quilombo Communities (MALUNGU), an organization that is a reference in the struggle to defend the fundamental (human) rights of quilombo communities in the state of Pará and represents this movement at state level. The aim is to understand not only what the early days of this movement were like, but also the extent to which political and legal mobilizations have strengthened the movement's struggle to defend and guarantee the land rights of quilombola communities in Pará since then. The timeframe covered by this research spans from the pre-constitutional and constitutional periods (1987/1988) to the first half of 2023. The study is based on the concept of political legal mobilization put forward by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Cecília MacDowell Santos and César Rodriguez. In this research work, precisely from the first to the third section, storytelling will be used as a methodological technique, together with exploratory (qualitative), bibliographical and documentary research, with interviews to achieve the research objectives. The paper is structured in four sections. The first section is dedicated to a theoretical discussion on the concepts of political-legal mobilization, critical race theory, storytelling; the Black Movement and the Quilombola Movement, and the right to land. The second section is dedicated to a narrative about the importance of the Black Movement for the first steps of the Quilombola Movement. The third section discusses the creation of MALUNGU as an instrument of resistance in the anti-racist struggle for land rights in the Pará Amazon. Finally, the fourth section is dedicated to MALUNGU's role in defending the right to land in Pará. As a result, it is stated that the political-legal mobilizations orchestrated by MALUNGU constitute a specific form of political-legal advocacy, based on elements of critical race theory and the history of the Quilombola Movement in Brazil, and are the result of an important anti-racist struggle strategy for the Quilombola Movement, with a view to guaranteeing the right to land for quilombola communities in the state of Pará.