Autopercepção na Adolescência: Impactos do TDAH e do Gênero

Abstract

Human development is a phenomenon marked by periods of continuities and changes in the interaction between biopsychosocial characteristics and the context over time, and is subject to the action of multiple factors, such as the period of development, gender and the presence of a disorder, such as ADHD. This dissertation aimed to describe associations between gender and self-perception in adolescents with ADHD, based on two studies. The first study aimed to describe the dimensions of self-perception explored by researchers in studies that investigated self-perception and gender in adolescence through an integrative review. The review was carried out following six steps: formulation of the review question; systematic search; evaluation of the quality of studies; analysis and synthesis; discussion and conclusion and dissemination of the integrative review. 70 articles were selected between the years 2010 and 2020 in ten databases, freely available on the CAPES platform, in English and Portuguese. The results corroborate the current and predominant discussion in the literature that boys generally score more positively regarding self-concept or equivalent constructs when compared to girls. The second study has a quasi-experimental design and aimed to associate the presentation of ADHD, gender and self-perception of adolescents. A total of 332 adolescents aged 13 to 24 years of high school from a public school participated in this research. Data collection was carried out in the classroom with the following instruments: Brazilian Youth Questionnaire, Harter's Self-Perception Scale for Adolescents and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale. Data were entered into a SPSS software spreadsheet for descriptive analysis and analysis of variance. Most participants were female (53.3%), had a mean age of 16.62 (SD=1.440), identified as brown (62%) and had no psychological diagnosis. Boys had higher averages in the self-perception dimensions, particularly in the school, athletic, social and physical appearance dimensions. Girls with combined ADHD traits had the lowest scores on all domains of self-perception. It is believed that this dissertation has fulfilled its role of bringing to light the pertinent discussions on gender and development, particularly at the stage of the life cycle in which they are most evident.