Mapeamento e gestão de risco de queda de árvores em uma unidade de conservação na Amazônia

Abstract

Conservation units are spaces for social interaction that offer many benefits to the population. However, the trees sheltered in these spaces may have structural defects and are subject to meteorological variables, such as water precipitation and gusts of wind. Assim sendo, nunca estão livres de apresentarem riscos de queda ou de suas partes, podendo causar a qualquer momento algum dano material ou a vida humana. In this sense, several methods of risk assessment of falling trees have been proposed for the planning of coordinated prevention, mitigation, and preparation actions, acting on threats and vulnerabilities. In the present work, the non-invasive method was applied, which is characterized by the subjective visual diagnosis of the arboreal individuals, without the use of sophisticated instruments, to elaborate a map of the risk of falling trees at the Park Seringal Museum, in the city of Ananindeua, in the State of Pará. To meet the objective of this work, a quantitative-qualitative methodology was adopted, which uses variables related to the condition of the tree crown, trunk, and base of the trunk as parameters. The size of the trees, the risks to the targets, and the side effects were considered. The final index was defined as a form of risk categorization. The results showed that 25.87% of the trees had a very high risk of falling, 46.15% had a high risk, 26.57% of the individuals had a medium risk and 1.41% had a very low risk. Based on these, a tree fall risk map was prepared, with the help of ArcGIS PRO Student software, which made it possible to analyze the distribution of how many individuals at the spatial risk level, subsidizing the decision-making of responsible bodies, especially those of Protection and Civil Defense, to reduce or even avoid the exposure of passersby and/or public and private property to risk, to guarantee individual and collective rights to life. Therefore, for future work, it is recommended to apply the cartographic product as an instrument in the elaboration of a Contingency Plan, for the arboreal individuals sheltered in the Parque Seringal Museum, in the sense of guiding the preparation and response actions, aimed at guaranteeing the integrity population and the maintenance of ecosystem services provided by trees or even to restore normal conditions. Therefore, for future work, it is recommended to apply the cartographic product as an instrument in the elaboration of a Contingency Plan, for the arboreal individuals sheltered in the Park Seringal Museum, in the sense of guiding the preparation and response actions, aimed at guaranteeing the integrity population and the maintenance of ecosystem services provided by trees or even to restore normal conditions.