Política pública de abastecimento pluvial: água da chuva na Amazônia, e por que não?

Abstract

The few advances in the public policies directed to the sector of water supply have generated incentives for the implantation of systems of capture and use of the rain. In this scenario, we highlight the Sanear Amazon. Faced with the challenge of universalizing access to water to the less favored, especially with the paradoxical Amazon supply, the system was designed attributing responsibilities to the inhabitant, making it a fundamental component of its structure. This thesis sought to evaluate the model implemented by the project, regarding sustainable access to water, proposing causal variables that constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions for its viability. The comparative analysis extended to four Conservation Units of the Amazonian biome, was based on the IAD Framework, quantified on a scale of fuzzy gradients and the organizational diagnosis based on the VSM. It was observed that, at the socioeconomic level, similar profiles for the parameter’s infrastructure, education and income with almost viable perceptions, almost infeasible and almost impracticable, respectively. Health conditions in Chico Mende and Juruá were evaluated as almost unviable and Rio Cajari and Marinha de Soure were partially unviable. The institutional variable was based on management indicators, self-organization. Some inconsistencies in management have led to misunderstandings in the choice of beneficiaries. There were also reflections on the execution of the services, where some constructive deviations may have contributed to the way the system was appropriated by the residents. The comparative cost analysis requires adaptation with the minimum and maximum definition of housing served by the supply structure. As for self-organization, does the work lead the reader to reflect whether the implanted model can be considered a social technology? A point of greater prominence in this research is the indicator of acceptability. RESEX's Rio Cajari and Médio Juruá are where residents less accept rainfall, as projected, rejection rates reached 87% and 58%, respectively. In these localities many systems were dismantled and the reservoirs used with other sources. In the other conservation units, despite the high rejection rates, the use of rainwater in isolated forms, with or without combinations of other sources, was verified for potable or non-potable use. Soure is the only locality that has residents consuming rain for human consumption. The results indicate that rainfall acceptability is not related to the type of rainfall use proposed by the model. Tripod analysis: need, involvement, and increased work helps to understand the lack of identity with the ultimate purpose. The hypotheses were partially confirmed. The socio-economic, institutional and environmental conditions are combined, but only institutional and environmental variables are sufficient for the feasibility analysis. The organizational structure does not present the required capacities for viability due to the absence of adaptation mechanisms that favors the use of rainfall; lack of identity with the system that consolidates rainwater supply as a transformation element; the absence or lack of definition of the subsets.