Análise integrada da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Acará, Amazônia Oriental: subsídios ao planejamento ambiental.

Abstract

The dynamics of land use/cover in the Amazon region have driven negative changes in the different environmental systems, which in many cases present very serious scenarios. This situation makes the actions of environmental planning and management of natural resources of utmost importance. Thus, this research aims perform an integrated analysis of the landscape in the Acará river basin, Northeast of Para, in the Eastern Amazon, through geoprocessing techniques, in order to subsidize environmental planning actions. For this, the theoreticalmethodological foundations of the geo-environmental approach were adopted to analyze in an integrated and holistic way the aspects, conditions, problems, fragilities, and potentialities of the basin landscape. This research was based on the collection of bibliographies on the subject, as well as on socioeconomic and geocartographic data, for the making of maps and thematic charts. The results indicate that the basin presents five geoenvironmental units marked by low socioeconomic conditions and low and unsatisfactory environmental sanitation, where the implementation of specific public policies directly influenced changes in land use, both in the sense of lower deforestation rates, and in the expansion of oil palm fields, mostly in degraded areas, but advancing to forest areas. It was also observed that land uses, especially agriculture and cattle-raising activities, have substantially degraded riparian zones, besides influencing the maintenance of water in the water system, impacting areas that play vital functions for the hydro-environmental sustainability of the basin. Thus, general recommendations are presented to support actions of environmental planning and management in the Acará river basin to achieve a framework of hydro-environmental sustainability.