Efeitos de instrução com justificativas sobre seguimento de regras nutricionais em adultos com sobrepeso

Abstract

In recent decades, Brazil has undergone several political, economic, social and cultural changes that showed changes in quality of life, especially regarding health. The main diseases affecting the Brazilians no longer became acute and chronic non-transmitted diseases. The modification of nutritional habits accompanied that change, greatly influencing the Brazilians’ diet. The dissemination of propaganda by the Brazilian media and modern labor activities stimulates the consumption of foods high in fats, sugars and carbohydrates, contributing to the increase in the percentage of overweight and obese individuals in the world. According to the Ministry of Health the overweight’s Brazilian population percentage increased from 42.7% to 48.1% in five years. It is considered that Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25.0 and 29.9 means overweight. Studies in Applied Behavior Analysis to the Health emphasizes techniques, especially focused on increasing the rate of adherence to treatment. On the Nutritional area, these techniques help to identify the environmental variables under which feeding behavior is under control. The emphasis on self-observation and self-description provide the analysis and research of control variables by the individual himself. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the presentation of justifications, in the form of a printed manual, on report of adherence to nutritional instructions in overweight adults, as well as observing the maintenance of this report through follow-up. Participated in this sample, nine individuals enrolled in the Multiprofessional Project of Patients with Nutritional Disorders, attended in the Hospital Universitário Bettina Ferro de Souza (HUBFS) of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). These participants were divided into three study conditions: Condition 1 (weekly monitoring with application of a manual containing justifications for the following nutritional rules), Condition 2 (weekly application with accompaniments 24-hours recall), Condition 3 (inquiry the medical records of patients with unique monitoring by the HUBFS’ nutrition service. Have been associated anthropometric data, body fat percentage and body folds to the Index of Reporting of Adherence (IRA). Results showed that there was no difference in the indexes of Adherence Reports obtained by participants of Condition 1 and condition 2. However, we observed an increase in the IRA after intervention (compared with values observed in baseline) and reduction in monitoring, regardless of the condition to which the participant was exposed. Thus, the rates of reported adherence did not depend specifically on how the allegations were presented, which were in written form and orally.