A Valoração socioeconômica e ambiental em sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia Oriental, Tomé-Açu, Pará, como instrumento de desenvolvimento local e sustentável

Abstract

At Amazon’s, the agricultural activities in form of monocultures, extensive livestock and forest exploration without management continue advancing in the deforestation. The advance of these activities causes the substitution of the sustainable systems of the extractivism and make unfeasible the production in family farming consortium and agroforestry systems, which presents higher social inclusion and environmental sustainability. The agroforestry and silvipastoral systems are an important instrument of the sustainable local development for contribute to accumulate and distribute riches on the territory, with environmental preservation and improvement in the population life’s quality. At the county of Tomé-Açu, Pará state, these agroecosystems are already consolidate as local agricultural activity, from the knowledge accumulated for 50 years. In this perspective, the thesis objective was to analyze the contribution of the socioeconomic and environmental valuation of the ecosystems services provided by the Agroforestry systems (AS) of Tomé-Açu as an instrument to the sustainable local development. It was necessary to evidence the monetary values of the ecosystem services provided by the agroforestry systems, its potential to the soil preservation and the socioeconomic viability, with aiming to compare it to others agricultural activities. The used data in the environmental and socioeconomic valuation were obtained through interviews using forms structured and applied to a representative sample of the county’s population. To the viability bioeconomic analysis, were made field visits and direct interviews in the rural property with the producer to organize the unitary budget and the cash flow of the productive systems, including the opportunity’s costs of the natural assets: soil, water and ecosystem services. In the estimative related to the soil conservation, it was used the method of cost reposition of nutrient lost by erosion with geoprocessing techniques, through soil samples collected in 20 cm of deep in the many cultives and forest area of the property. The results showed that the ecosystem services of the AS of Tomé-Açu are recognized by population and were evaluated through the willingness to pay for its preservation and to accept for the substitution for other alternatives, whose values were, respectively: R$ 5,011.19 ha-1 and R$ 7,367.24 ha-1. The bioeconomic analysis showed that the AS presented higher socioeconomic and environmental returns. The soil conservation and the capacity of nutrient retention was superior in the agroforestry systems and approached to the results found in the legal reserve area. It was concluded that the valuation of the natural asset it is an important instrument to the insertion of the rural producers in the payment politics for ecosystem services and contribute to the capitalization of these local productive agents. This capitalization tends to induce one trajectory of local sustainable development, once that is generated wealth at the territory with potential attraction of investments in agricultural practices more sustainable as the agroforestry systems. This generate higher net revenue and bioeconomic rate of return, include people in the communities, maintain biodiversity and environmental conservation, and improve the life quality of the population.