Base nacional comum curricular e ensino de ciências: uma análise à luz da inclusão

Abstract

The Science curriculum, for a long time assumed a passive, cold and distant character from the social issues that permeate education, until the last century we observed the great appreciation of a science taught in a mechanical, content and decorative way for students, in this way, being considered a discipline with a high degree of difficulty and not accessible to everyone. It was from the social movements for an accessible education to all that we could then envision the possibility of science teaching having its development carried out through an inclusive perspective, considering objectives, methods, practices, and assessments that could meet diversity for all, highlighted, students with disabilities, global developmental disorders, syndromes, high skills and / or giftedness that constitute the target audience of Special Education. Currently the National Common Curricular Base (NCCB) is the document responsible for guiding the construction of the school curriculum of Basic Education, however its elaboration was marked by a long process, totaling the production of previous versions, until we reached the final version. Bearing in mind that science teaching is elementary for understanding and establishing relationships between the natural and social processes of the environment, this research aims to analyze the curricular guidelines presented by the National Common Curricular Base (NCCB) throughout its three versions (2015, 2016 and 2018) for the construction of the Science curriculum, focusing on Elementary Education - Final Grades, and with this verify whether the curricular guidelines for Science Teaching present at the BNCC followed the social and political discussions about the socio-educational inclusion of students who are the target audience of Special Education . To achieve the proposed objective, this qualitative research, of the documentary type, used Discursive Textual Analysis (MORAES; GALLIAZI, 2016) as the reference for analysis. Throughout its versions, NCCB organized its curricular orientations based on reductionist conceptions, valuing instrumentalism, as well as the performance of experimental procedures and practices that are not dynamic or open to adaptations, promoting through its guidelines the construction of a rigid curriculum, not consistent with educational inclusion policies. In its second version, we observed an initial movement that is consolidated in its final version with the selection of learning objectives that guides Science Teaching from research, proposing an open curriculum, which gives freedom to adapt, as well making it possible to accommodate the learning conditions.