A Institucionalização do desenvolvimento sustentável em municípios amazônicos: um estudo de caso de Barcarena (PA)

Abstract

The growth of industrial and port activities in Barcarena (Pará), starting in the 1980s, has generated social and, in recent years, environmental burdens on the municipality. To mitigate the situation, municipal managers have sought, either through executive actions or through institutions aligned with the development agendas of the United Nations (UN), to institutionalize sustainable development. This work analyzes, through exploratory and descriptive research and considering the perspective of the New Institutional Economy (NIE), the results of the institutionalization process of such agendas in Barcarena, especially the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, between the period of 2015 to 2023. To this end, it identified actions and institutions created and promoted by municipal managers; analyzed the municipality's performance in the period using the Sustainability Barometer (BS), a tool from the Amazon Foundation for Studies and Research (FAPESPA), and the Sustainable Cities Development Index - Brazil (IDSC-BR); and, finally, analyzed and compared the results obtained in the indexes. The research result indicated that the process improved indicators related to sustainability in Barcarena, with actions, such as the creation of the Photovoltaic Energy Plant, and institutions, such as the PPA 2022-2025 and the new Tax Code, which can be considered innovative for amazon municipalities. Despite this, the process was still insufficient to solve common issues to Amazonian municipal entities (such as poor income distribution, lack of basic sanitation, quality education, etc.), in addition to others of Barcarena, such as hot spots and pollution and environmental risk management. Managers are recommended to maintain the process, especially improving its social impacts and paying due attention to possible future environmental threats related to climate change; to FAPESPA the recommendations are to provides a more accessible digital platform, in order to improve access to information related to BS; and to the Sustainable Cities Program (PCS), responsible for IDSC-BR, the recommendations are the insertion of retroactive data in the index, referring the period from 2016 to 2021, to increase the relevance of the tool.