Sistema de Informações Geográficas na análise da relação do saneamento básico com a saúde pública em áreas urbanas

Abstract

Identifies the main problems related to basic sanitation and public health in the Guamá Administrative District (DAGUA), at Belém-Pa, counting with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). The research methodology was developed into four stages: in the first, the main basic sanitation problems in DAGUA were identified; after that, with the help of GIS point maps, the number of confirmed cases of diseases related to basic sanitation such as Dengue fever, chikungunya, Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (DDA) (2017-2018), THE Zica virus, Leptospirosis, Yellow fever, Hepatitis, A-viruses were surveyed and spatialized from 2015 to 2022 in the database of the Belém Municipal Health Department (SESMA); in the third stage a comparison was made between the lack of basic sanitation and the public health problems in the research area, and these were spatialized using GIS choropleth maps; in the last stage, structuring and structural measures were proposed for DAGUA. The results were as follows: the need for maintenance in the treatment units and in the water networks distribution, since many are exposed and routed into drainage channels that receive fresh effluent; the scenario of a lack of service for sewage collection and treatment in all the neighborhoods belonging to DAGUA; the presence of flooding points and areas susceptible to flooding; and solid waste disposed of in irregular places, which contributes to the proliferation of rodents and diseases and instability in the periodicity of waste collection. In addition, regarding public health, it can be seen that the Guamá neighborhood is the most affected by all types of diseases, but DDA were the ones with the highest number of cases, although the information provided is only for the years 2017 and 2018. Thus, the relationship between disease indicators and sanitation conditions in the research area showed that the lack of adequate sanitation may be the cause of the increase in the number of occurrences of the diseases analyzed. In order to improve the relationship between sanitation and public health, this research proposed structuring measures and structural measures. Therefore, the development of this research made it possible, through GIS, to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation and public health in DAGUA, in order to better serve the social body and provide a better quality of life.