Resiliência urbana na zona costeira da Amazônia: uma análise de indicadores para a cidade de Belém, Pará

Abstract

Rapid population growth in urban environments is the root cause of many resilience challenges, where cities concentrate a large part of the population with social vulnerability and exposure to weather-related disturbances. Climate change is a global challenge, there is growing international concern about how to deal with climate change in urban areas. This Thesis aims to analyze the urban resilience of the city of Belém, Pará, Amazon region, Northern Brazil, based on a multidimensional tool, the City Resilience Index - CRF, generating results for the management of urban planning. A survey and content analysis was carried out, contemplating the concepts involved in the object of this research. Adaptation of the IRC through the application of the Delphi Method, with interviews with specialists focused on the subject. Application of IRC in the city of Belém-PA, with secondary data. As a result, the theoretical research problem was presented; Four Dimensions were obtained for the IRC, 'Health and Well-Being', 'Economy and Society', 'Infrastructure and Ecosystems', and 'Leadership and Strategy', with a total of 38 indicators, which allow assessing aspects of resilience of cities. The IRC was operationalized in an Excel spreadsheet and applied in the City of Belém-PA and generated the IRC in the “Good” value. In conclusion, four dimensions and 38 indicators were defined to generate the IRC, and in Belém-PA the IRC was considered “Moderate”, however, in fact, the challenges in working with the theme of urban resilience are still many, and go beyond the conceptual sphere. Although there is still no consensus on the part of specialists in the area regarding the definition of its real meaning, the biggest challenge lies in its operationalization. The process of building systems of resilience indicators is complex and has barriers such as, for example, the lack of data to build indicators to assess some relevant aspects. An example of such indicators, which can be included in future estimates for the city of Belém-PA, are those aimed at measuring infrastructure and ecosystems.