Análise dos efeitos de algumas atividades do setor da agropecuária ligados à bioeconomia, sobre a economia paraense: uma abordagem de insumo produto

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effects of certain activities in the agropecuary sector related to bioeconomy on the economy of Pará, using the Input-Output Matrix. The sources of information included the Table of Resources and Uses of Pará 2017, the microdata from the Regional Accounts System, and data from the Agricultural Census. The methodology followed the procedures of the National Accounts System, utilizing the tables of resources and uses and the input-output matrix, applying the Leontief Model. However, some adaptations of the conventional methodology were necessary to obtain results within a perspective attributed to a bioecological bioeconomy. To estimate the value of this bioeconomy, the TRU was reorganized by selecting certain activities and products related to bioeconomy, with the main selection criteria being products that are, in some way, associated with the concepts of a sociobiodiversity bioeconomy and that do not tend toward monoculture, soil degradation, or the process of homogenization, such as commodity production. After defining the activities, the product and activity coefficients were calculated to be used in the disaggregation of TRU Pará 2017, aiming to highlight the valuation of these activities. Subsequently, the Leontief matrix was constructed, involving intersectoral relationships of the sector, which supported the analysis of the degree of integration of this bioeconomy with other sectors of the economy of Pará. The results obtained show that, in 2017, the GDP of the activities selected in the study attributed to bioeconomy was R$ 8,363 million, corresponding to 5.4% of the GDP of Pará (R$ 155,195 million). Considering only the activities attributed to bioeconomy, the key sectors with high backward linkage values were: Forestry (1.150) and the extraction of rubber, fibers, and tannins (1.055). The activities that were close to one, meaning they are significant demanders of other sectors, were: Fishing and aquaculture (0.957); Aromatics, waxes, and oilseeds (0.941); Food (0.932); and Honey (0.913). Forward, the highlighted activities were: Açaí (1.007); Milk (1.006); Cassava (1.001); and Other temporary crop products (1.007). In terms of multipliers, Forestry presented the highest product multiplier (1.41), followed by the activities of: Rubber, fibers, and tannins (1.29); Fishing and aquaculture (1.17); Aromatics, waxes, and oilseeds (1.15); and Food (1.14). Among the employment multipliers, the highlights were: Forestry (1.21); Other temporary crop products (1.10); Rubber, fibers, and tannins (1.09); and Honey (1.06). For income multipliers, the highest indices were: Forestry (3.38); Rubber, fibers, and tannins (2.20); Fishing and aquaculture (1.66); Aromatics, waxes, and oilseeds (1.47); and Food from plant extraction, except açaí (1.42). The results demonstrate the importance of bioeconomy, even considering only some aspects, and provide public management with information and techniques for measuring the impacts of sustainable development policies through the promotion of bioeconomy activities.