Soluções baseadas na resiliência da natureza: modelo sustentável resiliente aplicado aos resíduos sólidos urbanos

Abstract

The final disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is one of the world's major environmental pollution problems, growing as the world population grows exponentially related to access to public services. The inspiration is born from the resilient characteristic of nature, in this transformative power of materials in the state of decomposition into new ecosystem products and services, and considering the development of the policy, the normative and the will of the actors, the model of Use of Materials Contained in Solid Waste in Cities is proposed. The scenario of the application of the model was carried out in the Metropolitan Region of Belém do Pará/Brazil in the period 1990-2020 and projected until 2050, applying multivariate statistics to data and information from IBGE and IPEA. The results show that more than 95% of the materials destined for the dump, end up remaining on the streets, in the canals, in the rivers, in the sea and other illegal destinations, could recover to create a circularity of use and consumption, favorably impacting society, the economy and nature. The approach is made by the third method of scientific research (abductive) used by Aristotle, Plato and Hermogenes, consists in which the object of study is added to the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data from all possible perspectives, or at least, by the most feasible of the positive, hard and social sciences, using inductive and deductive results in an operative way to generate a possible universal good that encourages new research and questions to solve . Given the premise that purchasing power is the main driver of waste production, the statement was tested through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the OECD numerical database of the management and treatment of ordinary waste in the period 1960-2050 and the World Bank, specifically, of the family of indicators of Sustainable Development in the period 1990-2020 was processed using the IBM-SPSS Statistics software, in the case of textual data, they correspond to 2074 abstracts of articles accessed by the SCOPUS database in the period 1996-2020, processed by the IRaMuTeQ software. The adjusted index of Ordinary Waste (RO) was determined with the value of 0.93 kg equivalent to cubic meters per person per day to produce garbage treated and managed by municipalities, it facilitates the immediacy in the calculation for any city, region, country and the world. In addition, access to cell phone service was identified as the numerical indicator that can explain the development of humanity and its relationship with waste production, agreeing with the result of the analysis of texts that present communication technology as the factor of human development and waste generation. Putting the results together, it is possible to read: what the communication technologies represented by the cell phone can explain the development of humanity because of the generation of waste and vice versa. The correlation between urban solid waste, waste pickers and the Sustainable Development Goals has a common indicator that can be used in the monitoring and follow-up of proposals, solutions and actions that add the possibilities and opportunities for continuous improvement of the population with a high degree of vulnerability and the proper management of the materials contained in the waste. Especially the solid ones, the indicator is green employment, the same, facilitates the control of the evaluation and valuation of the entire value chain. The model is built from the standard of adequate ARSU practices in the world, and the insertion of products in the market, thus impacting the social-economic-environmental dynamics, for the time being, recommend carrying out the political, legal, and administrative management for its financing and implementation to solve the transgenerational problem of waste in the Metropolitan Region of Belém and other municipalities serving as an example to the world.