Dinâmica geoambiental e as transformações da paisagem da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ituna, Pará

Abstract

The diversity of public policy incentives and the overlapping of large development projects in the Amazon have made it a complex region, directly influencing the transformations of the landscape and its geoenvironmental dynamics. The study area of this research comprises the Ituna watershed (BHRI), located in the municipalities of Altamira-PA and Senador José Porfírio-PA, currently consisting of six land units, including settlement projects and indigenous land, created under different contexts . Furthermore, the area is under the influence of large projects such as the UHE Belo Monte and speculation about the implementation of the Volta Grande Project (Belo Sun) for mining exploration. Given these factors, the research analyzed the geoenvironmental dynamics and transformations of the BHRI landscape, through changes in land use and cover, over 36 years, considering the context of public policies to encourage forms of land use (land policies and agricultural/agriculture), as well as the insertion and speculation of large projects in its zone of influence. The results point to significant changes on a multitemporal scale, where in 2022 Agriculture represented 60,829.59 hectares (38.67%) and Forestry Formation 95,879.32 hectares (60.96%) of BHRI, it is important to highlight that of this total Forest Formation, 17,464.9533 hectares are located in the Koatinemo TI. The data confirm a substantial increase in the expansion of agriculture and livestock over the BHRI forest. The study also highlights the conservation of the forest in the Koatinemo TI when compared to settlement projects. The study reinforces the complexity of creating and executing developmental policies for the Amazon and how the actions of human beings constantly affect the landscape.