Vulnerabilidade Institucional e sua influência sobre os problemas socioambientais na FLOTA do Iriri e APA Triunfo do Xingu, no Estado do Pará

Abstract

This research addresses the topic of institutional vulnerability and its contributions to the origin and increase of socio-environmental impacts in two conservation units in Pará: Iriri State Forest and Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area, which are sustainable conservation units, located in Xingu Integration Region and make up the Terra do Meio Mosaic of Conservation Units. The research's time frame is the years 2000, 2010 and 2020, a period that includes the creation of the National System of Nature Conservation Units (SNUC) and the institutionalization of the aforementioned units studied. The general objective is to problematize the State's actions that promoted the environmental vulnerability of Conservation Units, ratifying its contradiction as a managing subject. The main hypothesis indicates that the contradictions highlighted in the actions of state power contributed to the vulnerability of Conservation Units (CU) due to the lack of a clear and consistent approach in the management of these Protected Areas (PAs). To this end, the historical, dialectical and systemic materialism methods were chosen as a theoretical-methodological approach, developed in a complementary way to achieve an integrated socio-environmental analysis. The dialectical method allowed a critical and in-depth analysis of the social, political and economic relations that shape the management of these PAs, based on the understanding of the contradictions between economic development and environmental preservation, as well as the conflicts of interests between different social and institutional actors , revealing how these historical dynamics directly influence the vulnerability of conservation policies and socio-environmental degradation. The systemic method complements the development of this research based on the dynamics of the territorialized landscape and the interaction between physical and social elements, and the environmental impacts arising from agents of pressure in protected areas, contributing to the analysis of environmental vulnerability data. The preparation of the research included a survey of institutional data, carried out using institutionalized documents, interviews with technicians from the state institutions researched such as: SEMAS, IDEFLOR-BIO and BPA; open questionnaires, sent to the administrative sectors of state bodies, which were tabulated using the content analysis methodology, in addition to an interview with a resident of FLOTA do Iriri and analysis followed by tabulation of the minutes of the management councils of the study areas. Information that corroborated the cartographic production scenario prepared for analysis of this research. The results are systematized into four chapters, which identified gaps in the responsiveness and effectiveness of institutional structures. The ambiguity in the State's actions arises from the coexistence of multiple interests, including environmental conservation, economic development, political pressures and demands from civil society. It weakens the effectiveness of UC conservation and protection policies, increasing their exposure to threats and environmental degradation. Which leads to pointing out that the State is not an absent management subject, as it creates environmental policies, environmental laws, management bodies, however, environmental management is directly linked to the priority interests of the Government, which, depending on its policy , it can make legislation more flexible, make physical structures and human resources precarious, intentionally leading its institutional practices to become fragile, boosting institutional vulnerability, therefore, environmental vulnerability, to later pass the responsibility for the scenarios of environmental problems of PAs to other subjects managers.