Das águas para a cidade e da cidade pelas águas: mudanças e permanências em Maracanã/PA, uma cidade ribeirinha-costeira do Salgado Paraense

Abstract

This research has as its theme: The city-river relationship and the Amazon coastal space. The object of analysis is: the production of urban space based on the city-river relationship and the coastal space. The locus is Maracanã/PA, a city of ancient colonization in the Salgado Paraense egion, which has had its dynamics altered over time by different processes of territorial modernization. It is an urban center linked to the river-floodplain-forest pattern of spatial organization (Gonçalves, 2015), with economic dynamics linked to the past and to the river-sea routes, revealing the city's articulation with a temporality not fully assimilated by the activities and ways of life recently implemented. In view of this, the question is: how has the production of urban space occurred in the city of Maracanã, considering the dialectic of riverside socio-spatial changes and permanences, intrinsic to the city-river relationship and the coastal space, in the face of the territorial dynamics derived from the action of the State and the interests of capital? The main objective is to analyze socio-spatial changes and continuities manifested in the relationship between the city of Maracanã and the river and coastal space, in light of the territorial dynamics of roads, fishing modernization, tourism and Conservation Units (UC). The main hypothesis is that, in the process of coexistence of intra-urban socio-spatial changes and permanences, the riverside-coastal dynamics of Maracanã/PA continue to produce a space of resistance with Amazonian characteristics typical of the dynamics that the city establishes as the river and the coastal space. This occurs even in the face of the transformative territorial modernization that advances due to the action of the State and the interests of capital, such as the opening of the branch known as “Old Road” and the PA-127; projects arising from the modernization of fishing, such as the fires at the Industrial Fishing Complex in the Itacoã neighborhood, beach tourism and the Maracanã Extractive Reserve Conservation Unit. The method of analysis used was the Regressive-Progressive. The methodological procedures applied were: literature review, document analysis, field research, photographic records, open interviews, application of forms and cartographic representations. The basic theory used the social production of space from the Lefebvrian perspective, as well as its application to studies of regional “urban diversity” (Trindade Jr., 2010, p. 235) with qualitative research techniques. As a result, the hypothesis initially proposed was proven. Thus, the city of Maracanã continues to produce a space of resistance with the presence of a “riverside” or way of life characteristic of the people who live on the banks of Amazonian water sources (Rente Neto and Furtado, 2015, p. 159), typical of the dynamics that the city establishes with the river and the coastal space. Thus, the Maracanã River in the coastal space continues to have great socioeconomic and cultural importance, although the city currently has a bimodal transportation system, with the road being the most used route. Therefore, Maracanã continues to maintain a Strong relationship with the river, manifesting characteristics of an authentic riverside-coastal city, due to its location on the riverbank in the coastal space, its historical genesis related to the first colonization process in the Amazon, its strong relationship with its immediate surroundings and the region, its values, daily habits and economic dynamics linked to traditional activities such as artisanal fishing.