Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos - PPGCTA/ITEC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/8900

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA) integra o Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e iniciou suas atividades em 2004 com o curso de Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos. Em 2010, a CAPES aprovou o Doutorado, que teve início em 2011.

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 17 de 17

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adição de ácido esteárico e surfactante em filmes elaborados com proteínas miofibrilares obtidas de corvina (micropogonias furnieri).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-03) VIEIRA, Lorena Limão; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
The interest in biodegradable films as food packaging is a worldwide trend that has increased significantly in recent years. The myofibrillar proteins, particularly fish ones, have been gaining interest in film technology. The films made from polysaccharides or proteins have excellent mechanical and optical properties, but these films have a high water vapor permeability (WVP). The incorporation of hydrophobic substances, such as stearic acid, into the film-forming solution, is an alternative to increase the barrier properties of the film to water vapor. But to facilitate the incorporation of the lipid in the protein matrix, it is necessary to add surfactant, which are substances capable of interacting with the protein and the fatty acid. The objective of this work was to develop and characterize films of myofibrillar proteins obtained from corvina waste (Micropogonias furnieri) using glycerol as plasticizer, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant and stearic acid (SA) as lipid, to improve the technological properties of the film. The characterization of the waste and lyophilized myofibrillar proteins (MP) was performed, indicating that the raw material had a high protein content (96.03% b.s.), important for the formation of the biopolymer matrix. A complete factorial planning was done to define the region of better mechanical, physical and barrier properties of films. The optimized biofilm was prepared with 2.84% MP, 3.18% SA, and 78.41% SDS and 30% glycerol. Concentrations of SA and SDS significantly reduced the WVP, reaching 5.87E-11 g m m-² s-¹ Pa-¹, representing a reduction of 31% when compared to the control biofilm. The mechanical properties of the optimized biofilm were favored, presenting 235.60% of elongation and 6.35 MPa of tensile strength producing stronger and more flexible films. The values of transparency were high, indicating tendency to opaque and yellowish tone, however, with excellent UV barrier properties and it can be used in light sensitive foods. The optimized film also presented good thermal stability and the microstructure revealed a structural change in the filmogenic matrix, in relation to the control, with presence of grooves and protuberances on the surface, confirmed by X-ray diffraction, which indicated the influence of SDS and SA on crystallinity of the film. A 22% increase in solubility and a slight decrease in the swelling of the optimized film were observed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação tecnológica da gelatina de peixe em microencapsulação e filmes biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-23) SILVA, Natácia da Silva e; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
The fish processing industries generate a large polluting materials quantity, such as furs, from which gelatine can be obtained for the several products elaboration. The aim of this study was to extract gelatine from yellow hake skin (Cynoscion acoupa) for icroencapsulation of fish oil use by spray drying and biodegradable films production with the addition of diferente vegetal oils. The first paper consisted of the fish oil microencapsulation, in which four formulations with different concentrations of gum arabic and gelatine of the yellow hake skin were made as wall material and fish oil as a filling. The results showed excellent encapsulation efficiency of fish gelatine, above 94%, and it is possible to totally replace gum arabic with fish gelatin in the microencapsulation process. In the second paper it was proposed to determine by means of a complete factorial design 23 the optimal process conditions for a biodegradable film fish gelatine development with addition of buriti oil and to characterize it in relation to its physical, mechanical specificities and antioxidants. The process optimization conditions were 2.3% fish gelatine, 30% buriti oil and 13.18% plasticizer. This study showed that fish gelatine and buriti oil are promising sources for biodegradable packaging development, which can reduce the environmental impact caused by fishery and petroleum-based plastics. The third paper aimed to develop active packaging materials with added essential and fixed oils and to select the best packaging using computational intelligence. The oil addition provided greater elasticity and thickness, without modifying the permeability to water vapor. The films presented good antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, being able to inhibit S. aureus and E. coli. The added clove oil film was considered the best by artificial intelligence using the KNN algorithm and palm oil may be a potential for use in active packaging due to its excellent properties and low cost. With the results presented, it can be concluded that biodegradable fish gelatine films production and oil of clove, oregano, buriti and palm oil are promising alternatives and can reduce the environmental impact caused by fishing industry waste and plastics derived from polyethylene and polypropylene.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento sustentável dos resíduos de pescado para obtenção de revestimentos/filmes, aplicação na conservação pós-colheita de goiabas (psidium guajava l.), estudo da estabilidade e funcionalidade desses filmes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-01) PEREIRA, Glauce Vasconcelos da Silva; Calado, Verônica; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
In the present study, a coating based on myofibrillar proteins (PML), corn starch (AM), and gum arabic (GA) were used to verify the rheological behavior and its influence on the extension of the shelf life of 'cortibel' guavas. Subsequently, the effect of the mixture PML/glycerol 10% (Gly) – coating A, and PML/Gly/GA at concentrations of 30 and 40% (w/w) of Gly, called coatings B and C, respectively, was evaluated. in the quality of 'paloma' guava. For technological characterization, the functional properties and moisture sorption behavior of PML and Gly-based films were evaluated at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 30, and 40%. After selecting the best behavior of the PML-based films, the interactions between PML and GA were analyzed in the different proportions (10.0:0.0; 9.5:0.5; 9.0:1.0; 8 .5:1.5; 8.0:2.0 and 7.5:2.5), called E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 and E6, respectively. Among the analyzed coatings (PM; AM; GA), AM had the highest viscosity (p ≤ 0.05), followed by PML and GA, characterizing very viscous, viscous, and very diluted dispersions, respectively. The loss of mass and firmness of fruits coated with PML and AM showed lower (p ≤ 0.05) percentages on the evaluated days. Coating C (1%PML/40%Gly/1%GA) delayed the ripening rate (p ≤ 0.05) of the coated fruits. In the sorption process, films obtained curves of type II (5% glycerol) and III (10 to 40% glycerol), in which high concentrations of Gly resulted in an increase in their water content and a decrease in hysteresis until their disappearance. The E4 blend film (8.5%PML/1.5%GA/40%Gly) showed greater compatibility and integration into the structure, with low permeability to water vapor, a property required for food packaging. It is concluded that the application of coatings had a positive contribution by delaying the maturation process and increasing the commercial life of 'cortibel' and 'paloma' guavas. Fish PML films with low glycerol addition can be industrially processed and used to protect food, as they showed low hygroscopicity. The incorporation of GA in the mixed films (PML/Gli/GA) had an important effect on the technological properties, due to the interaction with myofibrillar proteins and glycerol.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos efeitos da desodorização da gelatina de pele de pescada amarela (Cynoscion ocupa) por diferentes métodos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-14) RABELLO, Fernanda Sales; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
Fish skins are considered good sources to extract high quality gelatine for applications in the food industry, however, this fish gelatine may have a characteristic odor and taste, causing limitations for its application, especially as a food ingredient and in supplements. Several methodologies have been studied in order to remove or reduce the odor in products made with fish. Among these techniques, we can find degreasing and adsorption. The objective of this research was to deodorize the gelatine from the skin of yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) using three different methodologies: activated charcoal, ethanolic delipidation and their combination. Gelatin was obtained from the immersion of the skins in acidic and alkaline solutions. The desorization by delipidification occurred with the use of an ethanol solution (1:2) and the adsorption made use of activated charcoal in powder (0.5%) and in grain (0.7%). Analyzes were carried out to evaluate the physical-chemical, technological and sensorial quality of the gelatins. The analysis results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey Test (p <0.05). All physicochemical parameters analyzed in the present study showed a significant difference between the studied variables, except for proteins, lipids and moisture. The variables of emulsifying capacity, gel strength, melting point showed a significant difference between the deodorization methodologies in relation to the control treatment. The EGAC treatment influenced the higher luminosity of the samples, presenting negative values in the a* parameter. The treatment with powdered activated charcoal influenced the lower chromaticity and lower yellowish tone. According to the electropheretic profile, samples E, ACP and EGAC showed collagen α and γ bands. From the FTIR analysis, the presence of activated carbon in the desorizations (ACP, GAC and EGAC) resulted in lower interactions with the amine group. In the sensorial evaluation, the samples deodorized with activated charcoal behaved similarly in the sensorial evaluation, highlighting the behavior of the EGAC sample.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes de gelatina de peixe com carboximetilcelulose, álcool polivinílico e adição de nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-11) FERNANDES, Gleyca de Jesus Costa; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-8235
The general objective of this thesis was “To develop and characterize biodegradable films of fish gelatin combined with carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, added with silver nanoparticles” and is structured into three chapters. The first chapter presents a review article that serves as theoretical support for the research carried out, which is entitled “Biodegradable polymeric blends of fish gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol used as active packaging: A review”. This manuscript provides an overview of the main features and shortcomings related to the application of fish gelatin in biodegradable films. It presents information that reports the production of films from the combination of biopolymers as a good strategy to overcome their limitations, highlights carboxymethylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol as interesting polymers to form mixed films with gelatin with improved properties and considers the possibility of incorporating active compounds , particularly silver nanoparticles, to these polymeric matrices with the aim of providing antimicrobial properties to the films and extending the shelf life of packaged foods. The second chapter corresponds to the already published article entitled “Effect of polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose on the technological properties of fish gelatin films”. In this study, biodegradable films were produced by mixing gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (FG/CMC) and gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (FG/PVOH) in proportions 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 with a total concentration of 3% (m/v) of solution and 10% (w/w polymers) of plasticizer, and the effect of adding these polymers on the performance of fish gelatin films was evaluated. The results showed that the mixture of gelatin with CMC and PVOH improved the mechanical strength, water vapor barrier capacity and solubility of the films. The maximum CMC concentration promoted the highest tensile strength, while the highest PVOH content produced a film with lower solubility. FG/PVOH films were more flexible and water resistant, but presented lower mechanical and thermal resistance compared to FG/CMC. The proposed mixing systems proved to be suitable for improving the properties of fish gelatin films. Chapter three presents the article “Optimization of the process for obtaining a biodegradable nanocomposite film based on fish gelatin and carboxymethylcellulose reinforced with silver nanoparticles”. The objective was to develop a biodegradable nanocomposite film from fish gelatin (FG), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and silver nanoparticles (NpAg). The formulation was optimized using response surface methodology to establish the best levels of FG (2–4%), CMC (0.5–1%) and NpAg(0.005–0.01%) in order to obtain a film nanocomposite (FG/CMC-NpAg) with better mechanical and barrier properties. The optimization was done based on the responses to water vapor permeability (PVA), tensile strength (RT) and elongation (E). The optimized conditions were: 3% FG, 0.54% CMC and 0.011% NpAg. The mechanical properties, PVA, solubility, optical properties and light transmission of the optimized and control films were analyzed. The optimized FG/CMC-NpAg film showed lower elongation and transparency, but on the other hand demonstrated greater tensile and water resistance, as well as improved barrier properties in relation to water vapor and ultraviolet light, when compared to the control film. Overall, the results indicated that the biodegradable nanocomposite film developed in this study may be suitable for use as packaging material.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diferentes métodos de secagem e desodorização por fluido supercritico de proteínas miofibrilares de resíduos de peixe para elaboração de filmes biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-16) BATISTA, Jáira Thayse Souza; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-8235
The present thesis consists of several connected stages and the objectives of each are: a) to study the influence of the use of different types of fish residues for the extraction of myofibrillar proteins (MP) on the technological properties of biodegradable films; b) To study the effect of different drying methods and temperatures of fish MP on the technological properties of the films; c) Deodorize fish MP using extraction with supercritical CO2, compare with solvent extraction in Soxhlet and elaborate biodegradable films with sensory properties suitable for use as food packaging. Based on these objectives, three manuscripts were prepared with the research results. In the first manuscript, carcasses with adhered muscle were used to obtain the mechanically separated meat (MSM) and the fillet toilet parings. The MP were extracted from these residues and the films produced. The results showed that the type of waste used directly influences all the analyzed properties of the films, due to the different centesimal compositions of the MP of the MSM and of the parings with significant differences mainly in the content of lipids and ash. These non-protein compounds in the protein extracted from the MSM acted as an interference in the formation of the film, generating inferior technological and thermal properties when compared to the film produced with MP extracted from the parings. Increasing the number of washes in the extraction of MP from more fatty and pigmented residues could decrease the concentration of non-protein compounds. In the second manuscript, the MP were dried by lyophilization at -60 ° C for 48 h and by convective drying of hot air at 40 °C, 60 °C at 80 °C. In convection drying, drying curves were constructed and the adjustments of the mathematical models were evaluated. The films were produced with dried proteins in different conditions and characterized. The drying times found were 540 min (40 °C), 300 min (60 °C) and 120 min (80 °C). The "logarithmic" models followed by the "diffusion approach" were the ones that best adjusted to all temperatures. The results of protein electrophoresis and the characterization of the film showed that the convective drying caused changes in the three-dimensional structure of MP, favoring the formation of a highly reticulated protein network with numerous hydrogen, hydrophobic and disulfide bonds, generating films with equal or better properties than those made with lyophilized MP. It was possible to verify that the convection drying by hot air can be used efficiently in MP used in the production of biodegradable films, reducing the time and the cost of producing the films. In the third manuscript, to deodorize the MP, supercritical CO2 was used, with global yield isotherms built at 40 and 60 ºC at 200, 300 and 400 bar. In solvent extraction in Soxhlet, petroleum ether was used at 52 ° C for 2h 30 min. The filmswere produced with MP control without deodorization and with MP deodorized with solvent in Soxhlet (due to the limitations caused by the pandemic caused by the new corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), until now it was not possible to define the best condition of deodorization with supercritical CO2 and make the film with MP deodorized by this method). The results showed that the best operational condition with supercritical CO2 was 40 ° C / 200 bar with a yield of 5.06 b.s. The best condition for supercritical extraction considering the greater efficiency in removing fish odor has not yet been determined due to the lack of analysis of aromatic compounds, it is not possible to say whether the higher oil extraction yield is directly related to greater extraction of oil other aromatic compounds such as trimethylamine and dimethylamine disulfide. The yield in relation to oil extraction was higher in solvent extraction in Soxhlet (8.04 b.s), possibly due to the low selectivity of the organic solvent that can also extract other compounds compared to the highly selective supercritical CO2. The film produced with MP that underwent solvent deodorization in Soxhlet showed all the studied properties improved in relation to the control. This indicates that the removal of lipids can solve not only the problem with the odor of fish in the films, but also provide a more isolated protein without interferences that favor the formation of films with better properties.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da adição de cera de abelha sobre as propriedades de filmes biodegradáveis elaborados com gelatina da pele de peixe
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-22) MORAES, Vinicius Sidonio Vale; TEIXEIRA, Camilo Barroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7059706802675228; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-8235
Biodegradable films are defined as thin materials made from biomolecules, which act as a barrier against moisture, gases, light and mechanical injuries and, consequently, extend the shelf life of products. Biodegradable films made from biomolecules have gained visibility today, especially those made from gelatin extracted from fish skin. Despite having good optical and mechanical properties, they have high water vapor permeability (PVA). The addition of lipids such as beeswax is a good option to solve this problem. The objective of this work was the elaboration and characterization of a biodegradable film from yellow hake skin gelatin added with beeswax using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and stearic acid as a surfactant, aiming to improve the technological properties of the film. A complete factorial design was carried out to define the region with the best barrier and solubility of the films. The planning indicated the tendency of the concentrations for the best results of the characteristics of the film. Based on this, four films of film-forming solution containing 130 ml were prepared, the first being a Control film composed of 2% gelatin and 20% glycerol; second film (F1) composed of 2% gelatin, 20% glycerol, 5% beeswax, 80% SDS and 100% stearic acid; third film (F2) composed of 2% gelatin, 20% glycerol, 10% beeswax, 80% SDS and 100% stearic acid and the fourth film (F3) composed of 2% gelatin, 20% glycerol, 15% beeswax, 80% SDS and 100% stearic acid. The thickness of the films presented heterogeneous results due to the poor incorporation of the wax in the film matrix. Likewise, the addition of beeswax to the film did not have a positive influence on PVA because of the appearance of bubbles in the film-forming solution. However, all films obtained excellent solubility results, justified by the high hydrophobicity of the wax. The films obtained results that indicate opaque films with greenish yellow tones and high luminosity, with an excellent UV barrier, and can be used in foods with sensitivity to light. The microstructure analysis showed inhomogeneous films, with bi-layer-like structures, free spaces and cracks in the matrix.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da influência do extrato purificado do açaí (euterpe oleracea) em filmes de gelatina e seu comportamento como indicador de pH
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-14) BRITO, Raíra Sá de; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-8235
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo do processo de modificação química do amido na farinha de banana verde da variedade nanicão (Musa sp. AAA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-27) NOGUEIRA, Francylla Milhomens; LOPES, Alessandra Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8156697119235191; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo dos riscos e benefícios associados ao consumo de três espécies de peixes da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-20) GOMES, Luciana Cristina Mancio; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
Fishing is one of the most explored activities in the amazon region, fish is an important protein source, however, it can represent one of the main vehicles of contamination due to its great capacity to bioaccumulate substances in tissues such as muscle and organs, being considered excellent bioindicators of the species. Its habitat. The aim of the present work was to study the amazonian species, curimatã (prochilodus nigricans), goby hake (macrodn ancylodon), and pyramutaba (brachyplatystoma vaillantii) by investigating the risks or benefits associated with consumption. In the muscle tissue and liver of the fish in different seasonal periods (rainy and dry season) amino acid and fatty acid profile analyzes were performed by liquid and gas chromatography. The determination of essential elements (cu, fe, mg, na and zn) was quantified by flame atomic emission spectrometry and the contaminants, lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The validation of the methodology was performed through the addition and recovery method. The results obtained in the muscle and liver were correlated with biometric data, species feeding habits and the limits established by the national health surveillance agency for human consumption. The calculation of the tolerable weekly intake index (PTWI) was applied for the toxic elements pb and hg in different seasonal periods. According to the results, the species presented oleic (n-9), linoleic (omega-6) and arachidonic (omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle, whereas in the liver the three species were c18:0, c18:1ω9, c18:2ω6, c20:4ω6, c22:6ω3. The total saturated fatty acid contents identified were higher in piramutaba, polyunsaturated in hake and monounsaturated in curimatã. Regarding the amino acid profile of the fillets, the highest predominance was histidine, alanine and serine. The species studied presented high levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The monounsaturated ones presented higher contents in the curimatã species and the polyunsaturated ones were higher in the hake, both in the muscle and liver. Regarding minerals, calcium levels were quite significant between species in different seasonal periods, being predominant in the dry season, while Fe, Cu, Na and Zn presented higher levels in the rainy season. In the liver, during the rainy season, Mg, Zn and Cu values had average concentrations in curimatã specimens. While in the dry season the ca, mg, na and zn contents had higher predominance among the species. Regarding contaminants, pb levels were higher than the limit allowed by the legislation, showing significant behavior in relation to seasonality. The hg content in the three species was higher in the rainy season, the curimatã species reached higher levels in the muscle. In the liver, the levels of Hg in the rainy season were above the limit recommended by the legislation. In the dry season, the curimatã species contributed the most with 131.79%, exceeding the tolerable weekly limit of hg consumption, being considered inappropriate. According to the estimated weekly intake of toxic elements (PTWI) during the rainy season, acceptable limits were found among the contaminants. However, in the dry season, curimatã contributed the most with 131.79%, exceeding the tolerable weekly consumption limit. From Hg. It is concluded that the constant biomonitoring of the species commercialized in Belém-PA and surroundings that may present some contamination by toxic elements is necessary, thus avoiding possible reflexes and the compromise of human health and fish reproductive process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Extrato polissacarídico de cogumelo Pleurotus ostreatus pode melhorar as propriedades tecnológicas do filme de gelatina de peixe
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-19) FREITAS, Maurício Madson dos Santos; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
The aim of this papert was to evaluate the influence of the polysaccharide extract (POP) obtained from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus on the technological properties of fish gelatin films. The optimization conditions of this study were: 3.0% gelatin (GA), 6.26% plasticizer and 1.0% polysaccharide extract (POP). Under these conditions it was possible to obtain values of 5.30x10-11 g.m.m-2, s-1.Pa-1 of WPV, 17.78% of tensile strength and 15.56% of elongation. The optimal film (POP-GA) showed antioxidant activity, adequate visual and structural characteristics, as demonstrated by FTIR, XDR and SEM analyzes. Therefore, the technological properties found in the film with polysaccharide extract and gelatin, have potential for application in the food industry, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ferramentas estatísticas aplicadas nos diferentes métodos de secagem de gelatina de peixe e no desenvolvimento de bala de goma comestível
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-22) MATIAS, Cleidiane da Silva Araújo; REGO, José de Arimateia Rodrigues do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4163468898377462; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-6438; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-8235
Fish skin gelatin is a collagen product partially denatured by heat, with great potential for application in several areas of industry and thus the use of this biomaterial will add value to waste from the fishing industry and will contribute to reducing environmental impacts. The objectives of this study were: a) to optimize the drying methods by forced convection of hot air and combined with infrared radiation of gelatin extracted from fish skins, using fractional planning and rotational central composite design; b) verify the effect of different drying methods (freeze-drying, forced hot air convection, combined method, infrared radiation and refractance window) on the technological, functional, structural, thermal and rheological properties of gelatin, evaluated by ANOVA and principal component analysis; and c) prepare gummy candy using fish gelatin, cassava starch and powdered cupuaçu, through mixing planning. According to the results obtained, the desirability function showed that 59.14 °C for 12.35 h was the most effective condition for hot air convection drying and for the combined process, the optimized region was infrared temperature and drying time. 70 °C/2h with oven time/temperature of 3.51h at 70 °C. Regarding the evaluation of the five drying methods, the results were that the principal component analysis explained the accumulated variation of 99.87% of the data and that lyophilization was the method that provided the best preservation of gelatin properties, although drying convective and refractance window also showed good results, demonstrating that they are techniques with great potential for the production of gelatin. The desirability function defined the best conditions for the elaboration of the gum, in 25% of fish gelatin, 15% of cassava starch and 7% of cupuaçu powder. Therefore, the relevance of controlling the variables of the drying methods as a strategy for the production of biomaterials with standardized biochemical composition is of great interest, to obtain desirable physical, technological and functional properties necessary for the different applications of gelatin. In addition, the study suggests that there is great potential in the use of fish gelatin associated with the use of cassava and cupuaçu starch in the preparation of confectionery gum, providing better technological and functional properties of the final product
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hidrólise da quitosana: obtenção de um extrato enzimático e caracterização do produto hidrolisado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-09) GONÇALVES, Cleidiane Gonçalves e; FERREIRA, Nelson Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3482762086356570; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-6199; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-8235
Chitin, extensively found in crustaceans exoskeletons, insects, and microorganisms, has limited usage due to its low solubility in aqueous solution, requiring its partial deacetylation to obtain chitosan. Chitosan's depolymerization has attracted considerable attention, as its oligomers have high water solubility, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, as well as beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. For this reason, in this research, a review article was produced (Chapter I) based on the main methods of chitosan hydrolysis, besides analyzing the parameters that influence the acquisition, and characteristics of hydrolysis results, effectively and at a lower cost. Among the approaches studied, enzymatic hydrolysis excels due to its control ease and performance under milder conditions, making it possible to use low-cost enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolases group. Thus, enzymatic hydrolysis was defined as a technique for various sizes of chitosan acquisition (Chapter II) through the production of an enzymatic extract (integral enzymatic extract - IEE) from a filamentous fungus strain. The enzyme identification present in the IEE showed exo-chitinases, endo-chitinase, and cellobiohydrolase. Considering the same reaction conditions, the IEE showed greater efficiency than the commercial enzyme (Celluclast 1.5 L®), which was used as a parameter because it is an enzyme capable of cleaving the β-1,4-glycosidic bond of chitosan - similar to chitosanase, besides presenting a lower cost. The IEE reduced the molecular weight of chitosan by 47.80; 75.24 and 93.26% at 2.0; 5.0, and 24 h, respectively. Through the FTIR analysis, a lower absorbance of the spectral signals of chitosan oligomers was detected, and the crystallinity reduced after 3.0 h of hydrolysis. Based on this study, we can infer that enzymatic hydrolysis, under established conditions, is effective at obtaining lower molecular weight chitosan using unpurified crude extract.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Otimização das condições de extração da gelatina de pele de peixes amazônicos por diferentes métodos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-08-24) SILVA, Elen Vanessa Costa da; PENA, Rosinelson da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3452623210043423; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
Fish industry residues are used due to their easy transformation into several products and because they have nutrients with high biological value, being rich in proteins and fatty acids, the work was to study the use of the skin of Amazonian fish for gelatin extraction. The gelatin extraction process from the skin of kumakuma (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) and gilthead bream (Brachyplathystoma rousseauxii) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was optimized and the product was characterized through analyses of yield, gel strength, color, viscosity, amino acid profile, scanning electron microscopy, melting point, foaming capacity, and emulsifying capacity. The optimized conditions established in the process from the skin of kumakuma (Brachyplatystoma filamentosum) with NaOH were 6 h extraction at 58 °C, with yield and gel strength at 19.7% and 244.3 g, respectively. The metod with (Ca(OH)2 the optimized conditions were defined over ten days of pre-treatment at 50 °C. This condition resulted in desirability of 0.965 and yield and gel strength values of 20.24% and 221 g, respectively. Glycine was the main amino acid both in the fish skin (23.77%) and in the gelatin obtained (NaOH - 23,39% e Ca(OH)2 - 24,97%). Pre-treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was used and the gelatin the skin of gilthead bream (Brachyplathystoma rousseauxii) with 64 ° C and 6 h extraction. The pretreatment with Ca (OH)2 was for 12 days and 64 °C extraction for 6 hours. When the characteristics of the gelatins obtained were compared, the one that used NaOH had greater (p < 0.05) technological potential due to higher yield, greater amount of imino acids, and better properties (gel strength, viscosity, melting point, emulsifying power). However, the gelatin extracted with Ca(OH)2 had weak gels and lower melting point, which is appropriate for refrigerated products that require low gelling temperatures. It is concluded that the two gelatins obtained can be used in several applications in products according with the characteristic desired.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Propriedades tecnológicas e antimicrobiana de biofilmes de proteínas de peixe com óleo essencial de cravo.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-18) SILVA, Wagner Barreto da; LIMA, Consuelo Lúcia Sousa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2971385954203459; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
The objective of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of biofilms elaborated with proteins extracted from filleting residues of gilt (Brachyplatysoma roussauxii) added with essential oil of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), besides analyzing the technological properties of the films. Two biofilms were prepared, one with 2% of myofibrillar proteins extracted from fillets and the other with 2% of gelatin of the skin of gilt, by the casting method. The concentrations of clove essential oil were 0% (white), 1%, 1.5% and 2% relative to the volume of solution. In the films, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc-diffusion method and mechanical analyzes (elongation and tensile strength), barrier (permeability to water vapor, water solubility and swelling index), thickness, color and characteristics morphological and structural analyzes using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Myofibrillar proteins and gelatins extracted from gilt shavings and skin are excellent raw materials for application in biofilms, with protein content of 94.92% and 79.67% and yield of 14.10% and 32.92%, respectively. The biofilms added clove essential oil presented excellent values of water vapor permeability and high elongation values contributing to a better application in food, as well as yellow coloration with low intensity. The biofilms of myofibrillar proteins had an inhibitory effect on the concentrations used against Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococus aureus and Enterococus fecalis. Gelatin biofilms added with OEC did not inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reação em cadeia da polimerase multiplex (mPCR) para detecção de fraude e identificação de salmonella spp. em amostras de carne bovina e bubalina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-20) DANTAS, Vanderson Vasconcelos; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
The authenticity of food has become a major issue today, for economic reasons, lifestyle, health and religious beliefs, as well as a requirement of food regulators. Proper labeling of a meat product according to its identity and quality standard is essential to ensure the food safety of consumers. However, the identification of meat and meat constituents is still a challenge for the authorities, as it is not always possible to authenticate the species of origin using commonly used methods, especially in cases where adulteration by the addition of material occurs. from a species other than those indicated on the label. The aim of this study was to optimize and develop different Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR) protocols for simultaneous identification of bovine and buffalo species and for identification of Salmonella spp. in commercially available meat cuts. Two methods of DNA extraction were applied (commercial kit and from the use of organic solvents) and the quality / quantity of the obtained material was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. Primers that amplify sequences of 429 base pairs for Salmonella spp. DNA, 346 base pairs for bovine DNA and 220 base pairs for buffalo DNA were used to perform the proposed mPCR. dilution of the extracted template DNA. For the verification of specificity, DNAs from different animal species and microorganisms were used. After standardization of the technique, bovine and buffalo meat samples were artificially contaminated with standard Salmonella tiphymurium strain (ATCC 14028), so that the detection limit of the technique was determined and, finally, commercial samples of meat cuts commercialized in northern Brazil. Brazil were analyzed by this technique to verify the hypothesis of fraud and the presence of Salmonella spp. in products marketed in the target region of the study. The results showed that the proposed mPCR presented adequate sensitivity and specificity, being able to detect Salmonella spp. from 106 cfu/mL after 12h enrichment. In addition, it was observed that approximately 20% of the samples marketed as bovine origin were of bubaline origin, and of this total, 31% had Salmonella spp. It was concluded that The developed mPCRs are efficient to detect fraud in meat cuts and Salmonella spp. It may be an alternative to be used in the routine inspection of these products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revestimento e filme biodegradável de gelatina de peixe e óleo de açaí: efeito da aplicação na qualidade pós colheita de tomate
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-01-13) SILVA, Ana Caroline Pereira da; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a climacteric fruit that has a short post-harvest life due to biochemical reactions that accelerate maturation and senescence, affecting its quality. Biodegradable films have been studied as an alternative to minimize posthar-vest losses of fruits and prolong the shelf life of these foods. These coatings, when made with fish gelatin, have high water vapor permeability (PVA) and solubility due to their hydrophilic nature. And the addition of vegetable oils can improve these technological properties in addition to making the packaging active, acting as antioxidants and antimi- crobials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of açaí oil on the technological properties of gelatin films and coatings and to apply the coating on tomatoes to preserve their postharvest quality. Gelatin extracted from fish skins had a yield of 18%, gel strength of 244g and melting point of 28 °C, important technological properties for this biopolymer to be used in the preparation of packaging. Two factorial planning were carried out to define the optimized conditions for obtaining the coating and the superimposition of graphics to define the conditions for the elaboration of the composite film. The coating with 5.40% gelatin, 17.25% açaí oil and 18.00% plasticizer showed the best responses for high viscosity and higher gel strength. The film with 5.40% gelatine, 21.50% açaí oil and 18.00% plasticizer showed the best responses for low water vapor permeability and high tensile strength. The PVA values obtained were 16.83x10-8 and 12.73x10-11 g.m-1. s-1. Pa-1 for control film (without oil) and composite (with oil), respectively. The composite film showed excellent results for the technological properties that are important for application to fruit. The optimized coating was efficient to maintain the quality characteristics of the tomatoes, as it reduced the percentage of mass loss and obtained a higher percentage of acidity compared to the control, proving that the coating with açaí oil was effective in delaying the ripening processes. It is concluded that the coating of fish gelatin and açaí oil extended the shelf life of tomatoes, being a promising alternative as a packaging for climacteric fruits.

Navegar

Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos - PPGCTA/ITEC por Orientadores "LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques"