Teses em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Doutorado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2297

O Doutorado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Doutorado em Ciências – Desenvolvimento Socioambiental iniciou em 1994, absorvendo o debate crítico de ponta na época nos temas sobre desenvolvimento, planejamento e questões ambientais.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 12 de 12

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Conservação, biodiversidade e bioeconomia: discursos neoliberais e a “Ecologia da Plantation” da soja na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-15) NUNES, Adriana; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
This doctoral thesis studies and analyzes the power-knowledge relations and devices that have created in the Amazon an idea of dominant conservation, with a state character, based on the decarbonization of production processes, changes in land use, and the commoditization of the forest and its biodiversity and ecosystem services. In times of facing the bioclimatic crisis, and the Amazon itself is threatened with collapse, the most recent global political-scientific discourse advocates transformative changes in the relationship between society and nature, notably in the global economic model, capable of resolving the climate crisis, paralyzing the loss of planetary biodiversity and provide sustainable development, a Great Reset. The research object is, in turn, centered on public policies seen as transformative and, at the same time, conciliatory of development and forest conservation in a soybean frontier in the Amazon and at the same time considered a laboratory of public conservation policies, from which new notions and appropriations of global discourse emerge, such as “skills ecology”, “ecoefficiency”, “efficient landscape”, and more broadly, “forest restoration”, “carbon neutral”, “low-energy economy”. carbon”, “sustainable transition” and “Bioeconomy”. The main empiric of the research is the “Municipal Model of Development and Territorial Intelligence of Paragominas”, in the state of Pará, more specifically the conservation of Legal Reserve (RL) areas of private rural properties. The theoretical instrument of the thesis is interdisciplinary, combining knowledge from biological sciences and analytical studies of power and discourse in the human sciences. The methodological options bring together the overlapping of spatial scales, bibliographic and documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and mapping of power-knowledge relationships and devices put in place in the name of conservation, dynamic between the State, companies, institutions, NGOs, and other actors. It is argued in this thesis that a new global social order, which not only includes conservation, but holds within it the condition of possibility for maintaining neoliberal practices of domination of space and its resources, is underway. This new sense of conservation, socially produced, offers technical solutions to crises that arise from serious political problems such as inequality of access and use of natural resources, imposing knowledge that promotes market environmentalism, and does not act on real drivers. At the same time, they make invisible the practices of social agents, who through their ways of life ensure biological, social, cultural and economic diversity, becoming dominant over practices based on the common principle. We conclude that the Amazon has been the scene of an impostor conservation, based on “technosciences”, which uses the practice of abandoning other areas to regeneration to destroy the LR, converting the forest and its biodiversity into soybeans and other agricultural commodities; it expropriates and pulverizes local family farming communities and prioritizes actors and sectors associated with export commodities, in public development policies and confronting the bioclimatic crisis. The “ecology” present in the “aptitude maps”, “eco-efficient conservation” and transition/transformation of sustainable agriculture constitutes a “Plantation Ecology” of soy, which goes beyond the region, as it is organized and benefits power groups of instances, organizations and institutions in addition to the certified and traceable landscapes of Paragominas. The results of the five (5) chapters produced constitute an effort to show through which processes the practices that transmute deforestation, destruction of socio-biodiversity and concentration of monetary and non-monetary benefits, in power groups, into conservation discourses are organized.
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Descolonizando a cartografia histórica amazônica: representações, fronteiras étnicas e processos de territorialização na Capitania do Pará, Século XVIII
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) CARDOSO, Alanna Souto; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The spaces, territories and territorialities of present-day indigenous peoples of Brazil and of Amazonia has been much researched, especially by anthropology, sociology and geography, but little has been invested in a framework of an (ethno)historic cartography that maps the space of the past of these peoples from a plural perspective and with a dialectic that is in dialogue with time, therefore the tridimensional spatial formation, the space conceived (of representations of space), the space perceived (of spatial practices) and the space lived (the space of representations) with respect to the territories and territorialities that were experienced by these peoples in certain phrases of processes of colonial territorialization through which they had passed, and currently, many disintegrated not only through invaded lands, but also dispersed in the memory of contemporary indigenous peoples, especiallymas “emergent” and resistant communities of caboclo riverside peoples of the Lower Tapajós that since the end of the 1990s have reclaimed their indigenous identities, urging the necessity of a “return trip” in the direction of an ethnohistoric cartography of indigenous peoples of the Colonial Amazon through an interdisciplinary and decolonizing methodology of references, documentation, maps, colonial censuses and travel diaries which anchor the current analysis in the first moment to problematize the indigenous representations portrayed in cartography in the era of conquest and in the maps of inhabitants; still debating the ethno-racial question in the labor market through these spatial practices of of Pombaline management envisaged in the colonial censuses; and in the second part of the thesis inward towards lived territory, on the ethnic borders and in the first two phases of processes of territorialization of the colonial Tapajós valley during the 18th century, indeed shining a light on the historical situations that antecede this century, as well as connections with the present time made at the end of that “trip.”
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Discursos da mídia impressa sobre a implantação da Alcoa Mineração S.A. em São Luís, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-11-22) SANTOS, Protásio Cézar dos; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
In this research it is done the analysis of the discourse of the media faced to the politics and actions oriented by the development ideology and also the private documents in the process of implantation of ALCOA MINERAÇÃO S.A. This research aimed on describing the routes and discourses about the process of industrializing and development of Brazil from the year of 1950, examining the impacts toward the Amazon region context; relate the economy scenario of Maranhão State in1980 with implantation of the ALCOA MINERAÇÃO S.A Project; examine the discourses of the press media from Maranhão when informing the population of São Luís about the environmental impacts of the implantation of the ALCOA MINERAÇÃO S.A Project.; identify the actions and reactions of ALCOA MINERAÇÃO S.A Project about the discourses of the press media during the implantation of the alumini and aluminium plant. To guarantee this aim, it is presented a set of theories about the development ideology, via the process of industrialization of the government of Getulio Vargas and Juscelino Kubitscheck and the strategy of occupation of the Amazon Rain Forest during the military government. The government of Getulio Vargas defended a project of autonomous national development. The governmental rhetoric was the construction of a developed nation. The government of Juscelino Kubitschek aimed on the development through the attraction and stimulus of foreign investments in productive sectors. The Military Government though, intensified the occupation of Amazon Rain Forest, through the implantation of regional development plans. It is shown the impacts of the implantation of the ALCOA MINERAÇÃO S.A Project on the economy, on the social and on the environmental aspects in the State of Maranhão. The model of the research used is quality and interpretation based, also going through the exploring, descriptive, bibliographic and documental research. The documental background is based on the local press media in the period of implantation of the ALCOA MINERAÇÃO S.A Project, from the years of 1980 to 1984. The techniques used to analyze and interpret the results were the analysis of the discourse underlined by the French School. Along the analysis of the discourse of the press media, it was possible to verify its action on an ideological basis and that its discourses, originally come from several enunciations: govern, politics and other civil actors.
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Grãos na floresta: estratégia expansionista do agronegócio na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) COSTA, Solange Maria Gayoso da; ALMEIDA, Alfredo Wagner Berno de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596401343987246; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
This thesis aims to analyze the social structures of the field of soybean production in Amazon, as well as the various strategies used by the main actors in society. The primary findings of this study is that the growth of soybean plantations in the Amazon does not constitute mere agricultural expansion, but the result of a planned expansionist strategy of agribusiness grain established on four structural elements: the specialized migration, the land market, the logistical infrastructure of transport and disposal of production and the influence of environmental factors in the organization of productive activity. For demonstrate this strategy, taking as reference the theoretical-methodological of Bourdieu’s fieldwork theory and empiricism as the field of soybean production in the middle region of the Lower Amazon, with the identification of the social dynamics of each element and their relationships, as well as the positioning of social actors in the economic field. Also this demonstrates that in the field of soybean production, key stakeholders are organized in associative networks equipped with internal hierarchical positions among themselves, that in certain situations and moments hold common interests. Thus, it identifies the existence of two large integrated networks by social agents of agribusiness (the producers and agribusiness) and a third formed by social workers who suffer the effects of the field (family farmers, peoples and traditional communities). In the third network agents have in common the "fragile" condition to impose their way of life and maintain their territory before the aggressive expansionist strategy of agribusiness, led by its agents and the State. The study evidences also that the field of production of soybeans is a territory of struggle between antagonistic forms of appropriation and use of natural resources in the Amazon.
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Ilhas ao Sul da Grande Belém-Pará: dimensões socioambientais de comunidades insulares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-19) SILVA, Ruthane Saraiva da; RODRIGUES, Eliana Teles; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8360730445815109; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-3174; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
The anthropogenic impacts/effects on Amazon estuaries are diverse and dispersed, and among the most serious are: deforestation in their surroundings, pollution of rivers, contamination due to the absence of a sewage system and regular collection of solid waste, the precariousness of daily life due to the lack of piped and adequately treated water, among others. For many, the islands are uninhabited, nor do they have ways of life in these places, a fact that, in the social imagination, seems like untouched nature, conserving biodiversity. On the contrary, the islands are places of traditional people and communities, which preserve a way of life, whose daily life is intertwined in relationships with the landscape and the city. Based on this line of thought, we insert the problems of the islands into a socio-environmental debate. The research aimed to analyze the socio-environmental dimensions that the Islands south of Greater Belém, state of Pará, present as a result of territorial interventions and their ecological and social effects on island communities, whose knowledge, sociocultural relations, practices and ways of use of this environment are specific. The study followed a documentary character and brief field research in the form of a survey; used semi-structured and free interviews with community leaders, fishermen and older residents of the islands who fight for their preservation and defense of their territory. Along this path, the island's riverside residents notice changes/transformations in the island environment, changes in their way of life, loss of territory through “illegal” land sales and irreparable damage to biodiversity. The island dimension presents a growing urban expansion, interfering in the territorial planning, the landscape, the ways of life of riverside communities, who are forced to temporarily move to other islands and the continental area. This expansion and environmental effects cause a reduction in land for planting, a reduction in fish and shellfish stocks, and notably, the impoverishment of food resources in the floodplain forest due to pollution.
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Necrosaber e regimes de veridição: governamentalidade bioeconômica da plantation do dendê no Brasil e na Colômbia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-14) SILVA, Elielson Pereira da; PUERTA SILVA, Claudia; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884
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Organizações regionais indígenas, cidadania e tecnologias de (des)informação e (in)comunicação na Pan-Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-16) PARRA MONSALVE, James León; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The Amazon is an extensive South American area, shared by eight countries and a French overseas department. It is now widely known for its social and environmental diversity. The existence of indigenous and other traditional peoples over that territory, has historically been crucial for the conservation of common ways to access and use the land. In this context, indigenous movements have developed an important organizational structuring task, especially starting from the 1970s, in order to claim such rights within the nation-state. Thus, they have set up new agencies in the struggle for full recognition of their citizen status in countries like Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. As a consequence of organizational articulation and, even more, the historical resistance of indigenous peoples to the physical and symbolic disintegration, the new political constitutions in those countries recognized the ethnic and multicultural character of their societies. Regional ethnic organizations emerged like the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of the East, Chaco and Amazon of Bolivia (CIDOB), the Coordination of Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon (COIAB), the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon (OPIAC), the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon (CONFENIAE), the Inter-ethnic Association of the Peruvian Rainforest Development (AIDESEP) and the Regional Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon (ORPIA) in Venezuela. Organizations that reach the twenty-first century with the responsibility to claim the rights of multiple people representing, with new tools such as Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), which could, in varying degrees, leverage this social goal. This comparative study allows us to understand the relationship of ethnic-citizen claims with indigenous knowledge about communication and the way they produce information and communication.
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Pelos trilhos dos bondes: cidade, modernidade e tensões sociais em Belém de 1869 a 1947
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-05-30) LIMA, Alexandre Martins de; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
This investigation aims to analyze the spatial and social changes that happened in belém, through the tramway perspective, from 1869 to 1947. In this context, tramways appear as symbols of modernity and as locus where daily social phenomena could be observed, such as gender relations, social dominations and resistance, territorialization of urban space – partially generated by the gentrification process – the varying degrees of sociability and affectivities and social behaviors tacitly established, or imposed by posture codes. Thus, historical materialism is used as the main methodological support. Subjects like social distinction, social classification and symbolic power were analysed using Bourdieu´s concepts and categories. The processual sociology of Norbert Elias was also used to interpretate social phenomena, wich gave linearity to this investigation. The investigation has focused on three axes: the city´s history, the everyday life´s history, and tramway´s history. As a mean of interpreting the city´s history and daily life, the literature was used, regional mainly, and official reports from the city and tram companies, the media discourse and memory stories. We concluded that tramways changed their user´s perception of space and time, reproduced social group´s differences, provided new forms of sociability, fostered the growth of the city and connected the territories of a gentrified city.
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Prazer-sofrimento e saúde no trabalho com automação: estudo com operadores em empresas japonesas no Pólo Industrial de Manaus
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-03-31) MORAES, Rosângela Dutra de; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The current configuration of the workplace is characterized by the complexity and intensification of worker health risks. This present thesis addresses labor and health with Dejours’ psychodynamics as a reference point, focusing on the category of pleasure and suffering within the labor-with-automation context at the Manaus Industrial Complex (PIM). Seeking to situate macroeconomic aspects, this study presents the socioeconomic conditions of operators and the context of productive restructuring at PIM, predominantly characterized by increasing automation. The purpose of this study was to analyze labor organization with automation and its results on health of automated machinery operators, focusing on pleasuresuffering and its impacts on the health-illness process. In accordance with Dejours’ theoreticalmethodological groundwork, we chose to use a qualitative approach. The empirical research was conducted in the automation area of two large Japanese companies in the electronicselectric goods segment of the PIM. Twenty-one machine operators participated as subjects (ten from one company and eleven from the other). The main source of data was conversations with the subjects, who responded to a semi-structured interview. A linking between the Grounded Theory with psychodynamics was used for analysis, as a qualitative technique suited to individual interviews. The concern over “quality” stood out as a core category, proving to be present in all spheres of labor organization and modulating the experience of pleasuresuffering: one of the main sources of pleasure, often mentioned, consists in performing their tasks without errors. On the other hand, the fear of errors is one of the main sources of suffering, a permanent source of tension, aggravating the risk of illness. Pleasure also comes from identifying with the task of operating high-technology machinery without committing errors. Learning more and mastering “cutting-edge technology” is a source of subjective mobilization. Suffering results from underpaid work overload, under intense pressure to produce “quality”. Workers construct collective defense strategies to support suffering: they make jokes at colleagues who make mistakes, interpreted as a resource to reduce suffering coming from fear of failure. They also use a wide variety of individual defense strategies, a reflection of individualism within this productive context. Acknowledgement, considered an ideal manner to achieve resignification of suffering, is infrequently used: less than half of the operators consider themselves duly recognized for their work; they mention the low wages as proof of the lack of acknowledgement. Symbolic acknowledgement is also lacking in one of the companies, thereby worsening suffering. The predominance of suffering over pleasure in the workplace leads to an imbalance that results in the exaggerated use of defenses: these are manifest as workplace social pathologies, among them overload pathology, related to excess work imposed on operators, since the purchase of the machines corresponds to a reduction in the workforce. Workplace suffering at PIM is far from being eliminated. In fact, it is intensifying with automation, within the context of the everworking of labor, as part of the flexible organization of capital.
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Quilombo de São Pedro dos Bois: memória biocultural subvertida nas logicas de ocupações recentes do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-28) DINIZ, Raimundo Erundino Santos; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The thesis addresses the biocultural memory between quilombolas (descendants of escaped slaves) from São Pedro dos Bois community as an inherent process to the specific territorialities resignified in the present time through a continuous process of beliefs enrichment, knowledge and practices based on common use that sustain the quilombola selfassertion in face of power structures. This coursework investigation is concerned to analyze the intrinsic forms importance of sociocultural uses of natural resources by quilombolas for the territorial continuity based on traditional knowledge, in immemorial beliefs, festivals, backcountries, extractive activities, fisheries and hunts. The biocultural memory of São Pedro dos Bois quilombo has been dispelled with the intensification of recent occupation policies, interventions and prohibitions on the territory and adjoining quilombo communities. The recent disintegration policies of traditionally occupied lands have been encouraged in the last decades by the territorial expansion of AMCEL for eucalyptus cultivation in backcountry old areas, trails, extractive activities and quilombo hunts and in recent years with the regulations of Macapá and Santana Green Free Trade Zone and investments related to agribusiness, especially soy cultivation. Still adding up the construction of hydroelectric plants on Araguari river that connects the Matapi and Pedreira rivers important for the conservation of other streams that cross the region as the "stream of Hell" that directly serve the São Pedro dos Bois community and are part of their stories. It was also verified that the quilombo policies set out in legal regimes and institutional instruments concerning to the quilombo communities services by specific programs and mainly to the territories titrations are being overlooked in the Amapá State. The sources raised by interviews, observations and notes in the field, documentary analysis, conducting workshop for the sketch preparation and photographic records showed that in Amapá State the announced policies of “Sustainable Development” cannot do without understanding the land occupations logic traditionally busy and disregard the quilombo biocultural memory that has a lot to contribute to collective practices in social uses of common goods.
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O Sofrimento negado: trabalho, saúde/doença, prazer e sofrimento dos trabalhadores do alumínio do Pará - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) NOGUEIRA, Laura Soares Martins; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
The aluminum industry in Brazilian Amazon comes from, among many factors, the State’s strategies, specially from militaries governments, to improve the development in this region. The mineral- metallurgic projects that have taken place in the north of the country were based on the modernization ideas for economic development for one region identified on the developmentistic discourse as “poor and historically forgotten”. Along more than twenty-five years, the aluminum industry in the state of Pará faced many changes, between these changes we distinguish the process of productive restructuration of work, that, by one side brought technological development and increase on the production, but on the other side, made decrease the opportunities of work, intensifying the “tercerization” in this area, making change the conditions and the relations of work. Based on denunciations connected with healthy problems with workers in aluminum industries in the region, made from ONG’s and workers’ associations, this study asks: how is developed the security- healthy of the workers on the productive restructuration on the aluminum production in the state of Pará and which impacts it has on subjectivity of the workers. Based on the theorical discussion of the Psychodynamics of work, the present study developed an qualitative research and interviewed 44 workers, their parents, worker’s delegates, technologists and administrations of one industry that produce primary aluminum. We realized also the documental analysis of many texts as: medical reports, worker’s CAT’s, as so many documents elaborated by this industry that gave elements to produce the stage of this research. To elaborate the analysis of the data research we utilize the qualitative analysis in studies about healthy by Minayo (2004), based on Dialectics-Hermeneutics. We observed the suffering of the workers with diseases or victim of accidents that lead us to interrupted lives, to abandoned and useless feelings, associated to organization of work and to the way how the administration of security and worker’s healthy are organized. In the process of productive restructuration of work, the Occupational Health paradigm to think about the relationship between health-disease and work, keeping the concept of “insecure act”, adds to blame the worker for his own accident or disease, incorporating to the discourse of the administration for the quality when they increase the value of the worker’s implications and engagement, emphasizing the individualistic and utilitarian perspective how is faced the workmanship in the time of flexible work. Seeking this point of view, worker’s security and healthy depends on the consciousness and the engagement of the worker with this subject, excluding the possibilities of analysis that consider the connection between the conditions and the organization of work and the risks of accidents so as the development of diseases by the workers. The suffering caused by the relation of the worker with the organization of work which make him to develop diseases is denied by the enterprises, by the healthy professionals and by the State and it is showed by the defense mechanisms utilized by the workers. Following the Workplace Psychodynamics analysis, to listen the workers, recognizing their suffering, can be the first step in the construction of changes in the field of work, capable to improve the search for healthy. The present study has the proposition to help to construct this way.
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Territorialidades específicas em Barcarena confrontadas com projetos de "desenvolvimento"
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-13) MAIA, Rosane de Oliveira Martins; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
This research aims to analyze the traditional and the quilombolas indigenous communities of Barcarena in regards to resistance strategies to the loss of their specific territorialities. Living the dilemma of socio-environmental conflict in which they are victimized by environmental crimes, successive displacements and expropriation, they still manage to maintain forms of living, social, and cultural reproduction that differs from those imposed by industrial capitalism and the development project. Through legal plurality, they seek the recognition to their specific territorialities ownership and keep their place, or even to choose to move out. The research aims as an empirical field the quilombolas indigenous communities located around Murucupi river, in “Vila dos Cabanos” and the traditional communities of the Industrial District of Barcarena. The research initially analyzes the previous period to the presence of the mining complex, the universe of the site and territorialization of indigenous and quilombola units when they were usurped and expropriated by the Church, and later their territorial domains passed on to CDI and CODEBAR. It deepens its study in the illusory and mediatic force of the development progress, inaugurating the socio-environmental conflict in Barcarena, which makes the inhabitants of the traditional communities vulnerable to environmental crimes and displacement processes, due to irresponsible, degrading practices of mining companies and by the developmental project adopted by the state that seeks "development" even based on social and environmental costs. Despite the annihilating attempts to their forms of existence, the Industrial District traditional communities require the recognition of specific territorialities to guarantee their rights in the current relocation and indemnification negotiations, while the quilombolas indigenous communities require rights to remain in the place through the legitimate recognition of theirs specific territoriality along with the MPF, Cultural Foundation Palmares and INCRA.

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