Dissertações em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Mestrado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2296
O Mestrado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Mestrado em Planejamento do Desenvolvimento (PLADES) foi implantado em 1977 e foi pioneiro dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu das áreas de humanidades e ciências sociais aplicadas na Amazônia.
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Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Boas práticas agrícolas: análise de viabilidade financeira em propriedades sojicultoras e pecuaristas do Nordeste Mato-Grossense(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-22) CHIACCHIO, Jayne Isabel da Cunha Guimarães; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279According to data from PRODES / INPE (2008), from 1988 to 2008, 369,154 km ² were deforested in the Amazon, an annual average of 17,578 km ². This process has been driven primarily by expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture. Several policies have been created to reduce deforestation. And these are targeted, usually by command and control instruments. A recent innovation, however, has been the search for improvements in environmental quality in medium and large farms through the introduction of Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). Based on this, this paper aims to examine whether the introduction of BPA in medium and large soy farms and ranches located northeast of Mato Grosso represents a financially viable alternative. The survey was conducted in five municipalities located northeast of Mato Grosso, in the Xingu watershed: Água Boa, Canarana, Querência, Bom Jesus do Araguaia and São Félix do Araguaia. First, we collected detailed data from activities in the region of study. For that, 40 farmers were interviewed (20 soy farmers and 20 ranchers). The second step raised the cost data of adoption of good practices on 14 soy farms and ranches found in the Registry of Social-Environmental Responsibility (RSR) of the Aliança da Terra (AT)/Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM). For the analysis of financial viability of Good Practice, we used three instruments: simple return, net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return. The results showed that BPA is capable of implementation, but there is a financial loss for the producer when he chooses to adopt BPA. However, opportunities for gains from adoption of BPA (such as the receipt by REDD, increased productivity, increased selling prices, among others) can reduce these "losses" and equalize the gains to production without BPA.Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmica da economia e das relações do trabalho da pesca artesanal no município de Santarém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-04-28) MARTINS, Everaldo de Vasconcelos; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279The case study project presented here focuses on how they can explain the dynamics of economics and labor relations in the chain of fishing that occurs in the fishing communities of Ituqui and Tapará Coast, located in the municipality of Santarém-PA, where were interviewed and consulted key players who work in commercial production chain, from capture to the wholesale trade. After analysis and processing of data that were obtained in field work, we demonstrated how trade flows occur and labor relations in fishing communities studied. Fishing is an activity directed to the welfare and survival of fishermen and their families. The data were copied into tables, which is demonstrated the resourcefulness of the fishing activity in those communities, since the capture process, through direct marketing in the context of communities and acting on the mediator boats that interfere in the chain of the fishing trade in the municipality of Santarém. With the conclusion of the case study, it was possible to detect the relevant factors that influence the organizational level of communities through the entity hat represents them, considering the benefits set by government and other nongovernment entities, resulting in the binding of 100% of fishermen to the Fishermen Colony Z-20. Every fishermen interviewed is a signatory of the fishing agreements provided by them and consents to IBAMA. Register that 100% of fishermen of Ituqui fishing communities and Tapará Grande develop their activities using their own resources and depend on income solely derived from the fishing, which reinforces that in the period didn’t have fish they come to rely on unemployment insurance for the maintenance of family and to regain their boats and fishing gears for the next fishing season.Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Impacto da dinâmica da demanda dos frutos de açaí nas relações socioeconômicas e composição florística no estuário amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-31) ALVEZ VALLES, Carlos Mariano; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279In recent decades the demand for açaí in the state of Pará increased gradually given that the production and market of açaí fruit are the basis of the economy of more than 20 cities of Pará. The practice of extraction of açaí is carried out by men, women and children, driving up the consumption and currently turning to marketing. Due to this fact, the dynamic extraction of açaí began to change by the increased demand of açaí for the market, especially for the value the importance and economic interest. This study aims to assess the impact of changes of demand of açaí fruit in the (i) socioeconomic relation of income of açaí and (ii) density and floristic composition of agro-forestry areas managed by the riverine populations. The study was conducted in the Sao Joao Batista community, municipality of Abaetetuba, Pará - Brazil. The population's main source of labor extraction of açaí fruit. This was done with semi-structured and open interviews to the families of the community considered small and median açaí producers. The interviews encompassed two components, the economic aspect and the social aspect. In addition, data were collected daily on the amount of the basket of açaí berry collected, consumed and sold, and the price of each basket, in order to characterize the production and price in the different seasons of the crop. Also conducted a floristic inventory through an inventory in order to characterize the vegetation, to assess the density and floristic composition of palm area. For this set up a total of 10 plots of 20 x 50 m (1000 m2 or 0.1 ha) distributed in five selected properties, measuring the diameter of all trees adults > 10 cm DAP and palm trees with DAP > 2 cm and estimated the total height (H) of each individual from the base to the highest point of the leaves. The analysis of the diversity of palm areas used the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index through the statistical program PAST - PAlaentologicalSTatistics, ver. 1.27. The main results were that the population of São João Batista community, the commercialization of acai as the main family income, and smaller-scale fishing for fish and shrimp. The sale of the production of açaí is made to intermediaries (marreteiros) (55%), market Abaetetuba (29%), the market in Belém (10%) and to marreteiro and/or market Abaetetuba (6%). The municipality of Abaetetuba from 2005 has a drop in extractive production from 10,500 t (2004) to 900 t (2005) and progressively decreasing until 770 t (2008). But, the amount of cultivated açaí production increased from 15,625 t (2003) to 131,250 t (2008) representing 99.4% of total production. In the community, was inventoried 1043 individuals of trees with a total of 11 families and 28 species, occupying larger basal areas the families Arecaceae (8.83) and Fabaceae (6.77) and with larger numbers of individual (831 and 147 respectively). The species with the highest importance value index (IVIS) and density were Euterpe oleracea (777 individuals), Pterocarpus sp. (126) and Mauritia flexuosa (50). Obtained low values in the Simpson 0.4275 and Shannon 1.071 index, which indicates that it has a low diversity resulting from management activities and extraction of palm heart and açaí fruit leading to a monoculture for consumption and sale of fruits. As a conclusion the increase of price is forced by rising demand, causing the expansion of areas for cultivation and planting of açaí to increase the production. The socioeconomic impact of management and cultivation of palm areas on the riverside and extractive economy of the Amazon estuary generates great opportunities for employment, income and quality of life for the people of the plains and the urban centers, especially favoring to the poor peopleDissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Marco regulatório da aquicultura e sua influência sobre o desenvolvimento da atividade no Estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-10) COSTA, Josele Cristina de Oliveira; BRABO, Marcos Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4274389612082613; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279The state of Pará has natural conditions favorable to the development of aquaculture, but its current production does not even meet the demand of the domestic market, since fish, crustaceans and molluscs from other federative units are still widely consumed. The regulatory framework of the activity is pointed out by experts as one of the main responsible for this context, which also has the vast majority of aquaculture enterprises operating irregularly. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of legislation on the performance of aquaculture in the territory of Pará. For this, a historical survey of the federal and state regulatory framework of the activity was carried out, evidencing its temporal evolution and aspects in which the second can adopt more restrictive criteria than the first. Regarding the municipalities of Pará, their legal norms were consulted in order to identify possible distinctions in relation to the state regulatory framework and to assess the adequacy of the legal hierarchy between the norms and the administrative spheres. Finally, possibilities for changes in state legislation capable of promoting investment attraction for this production chain were presented. It was found that the legislation of the state of Pará is more restrictive than the federal legislation with regard to the cultivation of exotic species. The states that make up the Legal Amazon differ on the criteria for the cultivation of species, even making up the same hydrographic basins, which compromises the effectiveness of the environmental management of exotic species in the state of Pará. There is legal uncertainty in fish farming and shrimp farming of exotic species in the state of Pará regarding the differences existing in the legislation and in the case of oyster farming due to the legal inadequacy of the reality of the local producer. The municipalities of Paragominas and Mãe do Rio legislate on exotic species, Mãe do Rio exceeds the competence of the municipality when it comes to the granting of water resources. The existing legal differences regarding the size and classification of aquaculture directly affect the environmental licensing of the activity in the state of Pará.Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Peixes ornamentais: conhecimento tradicional e regulamentações sobre o manejo da atividade pesqueira no território indígena remanso - Chorrobocón, Guainía - Colômbia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-29) LOPEZ, Juan David Guzman; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279This research offers an analysis of the community management process develop by indigenous fishermen in the ornamental fishery activity and their relation with the institutions responsible of the control of this sector, highlighting: the factors that has facilitated and hindered the participation of the fishermen in the management initiative; the natural resources use systems and their incidence in the family economy; the relation that exists between local arrangements and the formals norms among ornamental use resource, likewise, the relations generated between the agents involved into the management of this activity. This study is characterized by been descriptive analytic from a qualitative approximation by a participatory research, been implemented by the use of rural participatory diagnostic tools and semi-structured interviews; the information was ordered and analyzed by the use of analysis categories and the implementation of two information triangulation types (intra and inter) to maximize the efforts validity made in the field, and to reduce the information subjectivity and maximize the research stringency. The results founded shows that, from the different extractive activities developed by the community, the mining garimpo and the ornamental fishery have been the most constants; however, the illegality conditions of the first has led to the decline, meanwhile the fishery consolidates as the principal resource of income for the habitants; among the factors that have influence in the fishermen participation level along the management process, were found: the institutional intervention, the resource depletion, the inequality in the commercial relations, the internal conflicts, the external pressure, the property regime and the mining depletion. The implementation of the management system adopted by the fishermen is constituted by the syncretism between the local norms supported in the traditional knowledge and the government regulation, in response to the necessity to maintain a stable resource of income than the detriment made by the transgression in the traditional norms around the territory management. In reference to the government scope, the institutional plans does not contains constant programs among this sector, their work is limited to short term plans, besides constants reforms difficult the accomplishment of their responsibilities and the recognition of their functions by the local populations. The main conclusions are: the extractive economics dynamics introduced new acculturation elements that deteriorated the traditional scheme of the social organization and produce new natural resource use possibilities that have led the population into the search of a social ascent from the economic scope; despite the association been based in democratic principles, his performance depends in the clans rivalries that predominates in the community; the fishermen depends from the institutional intervention for the consolidation of their management system, that’s why, the institutional discontinuity have created the weakening of the organization process; the regulation effective application and the local arrangements between fishermen are limited, by one side, the lack of resource, personal and political will restricts its work, by the other side, the external demand and the economic benefits necessity determine the effectiveness of the arrangements implemented; besides, still does not exist a clear instance of coordination that allows to harmonized the institutional programs for the management of this activityDissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Pobreza, privação e transferência de renda na várzea amazônica: um estudo de caso para Sirituba em Abaetetuba, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-10) LEITE, Lorena Von Paumgartten; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279Poverty is a multidimensional problem that can be translated in terms of deprivation and lack of basic skills. The multidimensional indexes allow accurate analysis of quality of life related to poverty, considering some important dimensions and represent a major breakthrough on the issue of development planning. The overall objective of this research was to examine the deprivations faced by families in the community Sirituba Abaetetuba / PA, according to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) dimensions and indicators of the and analyze the impact of cash transfers on household durables of families. The analysis in families receiving and not receiving cash transfers showed that the two have the same amount of household durables. The analysis of IPM adapted to Sirituba found that some families suffer hardship due to low education of heads of families, lack of access to safe drinking water, lack of sanitation and rustic kitchens method. There was also a trend of improvement in the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) Abaetetuba. The municipality has developed the range of "very low human development" to "medium human development". And it represents an evolution in education indicators, longevity and income. However, it is known that urban area Abaetetuba does not present the same public services in a rural area as Sirituba. The 2000 Census and 2010 provide data for these areas demonstrating that the services of electricity and water supply provided in rural areas are less available compared to urban area Abaetetuba.Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Política pública de concessão de crédito rural para financiamento da atividade pesqueira e aquícola no Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-16) FARIAS, Raimundo Carlos Moraes; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279The fishing and aquaculture sector in Brazil has great potential for development due to its characteristics. An extensive coastline and large existing river basins provide both marine and continental extractive fishing. On the other hand, the existence of fresh water and abundant land, relatively cheap labor encourage aquaculture. Add to this a growing consumer market. The main objective of this work is to analyze the public policy of granting rural credit to finance fishing and aquaculture activities in Brazil, from 2013 to January 2018.It also seeks to analyze in a more specific way the concession of rural credit to the North region and its impact on the increase of production. From this perspective, it is assumed that rural credit as an instrument of public policy aimed at socially and economically strengthening fishermen and fish farmers, with the aim of promoting the development of the rural environment, with actions aimed at increasing the productive capacity of fishing and aquaculture. For the purpose of this work, the data concentrated in the Central Bank of Brazil, based on the Rural Credit Operations System and PROAGRO (SICOR), was used as the information base, which is the system that registers all rural credit operations and the frameworks in the Program of Guarantee of the Agricultural Activity (PROAGRO), in accordance with the Rural Credit Manual (MCR) rules. The research shows that access to rural credit in the aquaculture production chain has a direct impact on the increase in fish production in the period, especially when it is considered that 69.38% of the financial resources were invested in the costing activity, this concentration stems from the demand for inputs such as fingerlings and feed that are essential for aquaculture activity that directly impacts the productive cycle. However, the gap in the statistical data of the fishing productive chain makes the analysis of the impact of access to rural credit on fishing production in Brazil very fragile, however, it is assumed that, given the value obtained by granting rural credit to the fishing sector that has increased productionDissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) O processo de criação e implementação de unidades de conservação e sua influência na gestão local: o estudo de caso da área de proteção ambiental da ilha do Combu, em Belém/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-02) CIRILO, Brenda Batista; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279This is a case study which seeks to analyze the creation process of the Environmental Protection Area (APA) Combu Island, a state sustainable use conservation unit, located in the Amazon estuary, in the insular region of Belém, State of Pará. The study aimed to demonstrate that some aspects of the creation process of the APA Combu Island prevent its management from being consolidated. To contextualize the area, the results of a survey conducted by the manager of the unit, in 2010, with the heads of 100 households, distributed among the four communities in the island, are available. In 2013, a field survey was conducted with the same people, to ascertain their level of knowledge about the creation process of the APA. Ten people related to the process of creation, deployment and management of the unit were also interviewed for further information on the topic and to confront or validate the results of the field research. Since this is a qualitative study, we also analyzed: a) the unit planning and management; b) the historical trajectory of national conservation policy, c) the historical trajectory of conservation policy in the Amazon region and in the State of Pará. The results obtained through the field research show that: the creation of APA Combu Island was result of an indication from scientific studies conducted by Emilio Goeldi Museum of Pará (MPEG) in the 1980s, and later appropriated by the former Institute for Economic, Social and Environmental Development of the State of Pará (Idesp) in the 1990s, which became the main organ responsible for the creation of the unit; most of the respondents are unaware of APA Combu Island, only a small parcel of the respondents was informed /consulted about the creation process of the APA; this query was performed in an informal way. It is assumed that, in sustainable use conservation units, the participation of the resident population is essential for a successful planning and management, although the managing agency does not have many resources to be used in the administration. From the analysis of all these data together, we concluded that the creation process of the APA Combu Island is the main obstacle to consolidate the unit management, since it happened so apart from the knowledge of the resident population.Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Soja e desenvolvimento: uma análise comparativa entre as regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-09) CARVALHO, Angela Cristina dos Santos; RIVERO, Sérgio Luiz de Medeiros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6692406360344209; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279The recent expansion of soybean in the Brazilian regions, specially in the Amazon, has been the target of national and international debates. The central issue in this debate is the economic, social and environmental impact of soy expansion Some literature studies show that inequalities between the regions in Brazil is an obstacle improve development in the country. This study proposed to verify the behavior of municipalities with and without soy in regions of recent occupation of soybeans in Brazil and evaluate the cities according to the creation of development indices, based on the broad concept of economic development. The study focus on economic and social dimensions in order to conduct a comparative analysis between the regions of recent occupation of soybeans and shows that regional inequalities, especially in the Midwest region with other regions of North and Northeast. Despite the complexity of the object of analysis, most municipalities with soy in the areas of recent occupation of soybean showed better development results, when compared to municipalities without soy. However, such result is not linear and homogeneous. It also suggests public policies to mitigate these inequalities and to improve as a whole the levels of regional development. This study also suggests other studies and projects, which should analyse environmental factors, and exclusion of workers in areas with soybeans.Dissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Sustentabilidade, manguezais e reserva extrativista: instituições e atores sociais nos municípios de Curuçá e São Caetano de Odivelas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-25) PINHEIRO, Elysângela Sousa; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279Amazon contains the largest continuous mangrove coast of the planet. The mangrove ecosystem supports many forms of life and recycles mineral nutrients, of fauna and flora that has been exported to adjacent systems. The aim of this research is to compare the relationships between social actors and institutions for the use of the mangrove ecosystem in the municipalities of Curuçá and São Caetano de Odivelas, Pará State. The focus was to compare two management systems in Pará mangrove, one inside a extractive reserve (Mother of extractive reserve Curuçá) and the other outside. The research method used was multiple case study, which include exploratory visits, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, documents and data analysis. The results obtained revealed that traditional communities in the municipalities of São Caetano de Odivelas and Curuçá have their livelihoods threatened due to large enterprises plan for the region and the regular natural resource uses of the mangrove without management. The RESEX Mãe Grande of Curuçá does not meet completely its purposes to promote the conservation of common resources. Nevertheless, the articulation between social actors and institutions in Curuçá approaches socio-environmental perspective to create conditions for the implementation of public policies that influence the conservation of mangroves. São Caetano de Odivelas was excluded from relevant social and public policy that affects the conservation of mangroves. For this reason, 87% of the leaders interviewed in Curuçá recognize that the creation of a Conservation Unit studied has brought benefits to that municipality. 87% of the leaders interviewed in São Caetano de Odivelas are favorable to the establishment of Extractive Reserve. Despite this, on average, 57 percent of the community does not know how important is the creation of a Conservation Unit.From the results obtained, we could concluded that social actors and institutions in these municipalities need more articulation in the conservation of the ecosystem in a social and environmental perspective. Nevertheless, the articulation between social actors and institutions in Curuçá creates conditions for the implementation of public policies that could affect the conservation of mangrovesDissertação Acesso aberto (Open Access) Uso dos recursos naturais e sazonalidade no estuário amazônico: estratégias e gestão dos produtores de açaí(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-07) SOLIS, Karol Natalie Lavado; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279The dissertation includes a socio-economic and ecological-environmental perspective in order to identify and understand the answers found by the producers of açaí to improve the way of life to social, natural, and environmental disturbances in the Amazon estuary ecosystem. The research was conducted in five communities in the Islands Abaetetuba, Pará - Brazil. The sample was obtained by the technique of snowball, and consisted of 120 riverine families. The various procedures (right observation, semi-structured and open interviews, information sheets daily production activities, and development of eco-seasonal calendar), were used to support the analysis, which focused on analyzing the economic strategies of uses natural resources by producers of açaí as adaptive response to seasonal ecosystem. The data reveal that the exploitation and sale of açaí fruits (78%) are the main economic activities of the estuarine floodplain, followed by fishing livelihoods activities (fish: 64% shrimp and 63%), and the extraction of Buriti (36%), which are considered complementary activities in the coastal economy. Situation that at risk by intensifying the cultivation of açaí and tendency to monoculture of the palm and services changing the diversity of the estuarine ecosystem. But these activities are not, however, developed in isolation, but are part of a complex and integrated system of production and diverse use of natural resources, in view of generating more income for families. By adaptation (resilience) generated from living with the changes or environmental and economic (intensification of cultivation of açaí, increasing temperatures, intensification of rainfall, air and water pollution), the disruption strategy of diversifying economic activities will allow riparians have higher annual gross income and improve the quality of ecosystem services (good local climate regulation, increased production of nutrients to the soil, and have higher carbon stocks).