Dissertações em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Mestrado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2296
O Mestrado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Mestrado em Planejamento do Desenvolvimento (PLADES) foi implantado em 1977 e foi pioneiro dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu das áreas de humanidades e ciências sociais aplicadas na Amazônia.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Economia do esgotamento: há sustentabilidade na intensificação biotecnológica da soja “pronta para” se desenvolver no Pará?(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-05) SOUZA, Clara Vitória de Araújo; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738The idea of a biotechnology capable of reducing the use of pesticides in the tropical cultivation of soybeans (Glycine max) hit the market with a "sustainable" status and delighted producers, promising higher yields and, for this reason, profitability. In Pará, however, the promises of delivering more with the same investment have not held up over time. From resistance to Glyphosate to the expression of a mutant insecticide gene (Cry1A.105), the level of current technology delivers a seed capable of degrading herbicides and eliminating entire populations of insects, in theory with fewer inputs and equal grain quality; would this increase in efficiency also have helped to preserve land, as Borlaug's (HB) hypothesis infers? On the other hand, this biotechnological intensification could paradoxically increase the demand for the resource, due to market pressures, resulting in an increase in the area planted and more expenditure on land use. Positive correlations were found between moments of intensification and growth in planted area, confirming previous observations in the biome. Given the complexity of commodities and the context in which they are inserted, explaining the increase in pressure on the soil required a shift in scope; from the idea of the Paradox and market demand to an investigation of biotechnology itself; the result generated a model capable of calculating the increase in direct demand on mineral stocks in the soil, as a result of the biotechnology onboard the seed. The exploitation of the “mineral energy” of the lands to the south of Pará is explained through a hypothetical-deductive variable, in kilojoules, based on the mechanics of the laws of Conservation and Mass Action. The models resulting of these research process provide the possibility of estimating the demand for extra energy due to the expression of exogenous protein (DEEPE), and possible mineral correspondence in the Deterioration of Assets by Demineralization (DAD), at different scenarios, as a tool to help producers in choosing the type of crop and biotechnology onboards the seed. So furthering conscious choices through crucial questions; what comes out of the pocket, comes out of where and at what price? Is there sustainability, even economically, in the biotechnological trajectory of Soy in Pará? For how long is that before the foreseen exhaustion?Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) “A Floresta em pé como nova Commodity global!”: o discurso da bioeconomia enquanto alternativa ao desenvolvimento da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) CARNEIRO JUNIOR, José Airton; GONÇALVES, Marcela Vecchione; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9274854854102856The research proposal aims to analyze the discourse of Bioeconomy in the State of Pará, repre- sented by specific policies that have introduced a new pathway for regional development in and of the Amazon. Since 2016, environmental policies in Brazil have suffered setbacks, jeopard- izing the integrity of the Amazon rainforest. This has resulted not only in the loss of Brazil’s credibility in fulfilling its environmental commitments to the international community but also in the suspension of resources from the Amazon Fund. Consequently, subnational entities have taken the lead through paradiplomatic actions to signal their commitment to preserving the Am- azon to the international community. Pará, leveraging this context, has positioned itself as a reference in sustainability, promoting its leadership in implementing environmental and climate policies in the Amazon through Bioeconomy as a solution to ensure sustainable economic de- velopment. This dissertation argues that the Bioeconomy discourse promoted by the State of Pará projects a development model based on Bioeconomy as the new economic vocation of the Amazon, focusing on transforming the forest itself into a commodity. From this perspective, the research seeks to address the following question: To what extent does the Bioeconomy dis- course practiced by the State of Pará constitute a proposed pathway for the regional develop- ment of the Legal Amazon? This theoretical and exploratory study employs discourse analysis as its methodology and content analysis as its research technique, supported by NVIVO soft- ware. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combined with bibliographic and documen- tary research procedures. The documents analyzed include the State Bioeconomy Plan, the Am- azon Now State Plan, the State Climate Change Policy, and news articles from the Pará State News Agency, covering the period from 2020 to 2024. The theoretical framework is grounded in the concept of neoliberal rationality proposed by Dardot and Laval. Based on empirical data and literature, in response to the guiding question, the findings conclude that the Bioeconomy discourse practiced by the State of Pará, as materialized in its environmental policies, cannot be considered a new development model for the Amazon. Instead, it reproduces the same logic as previous models, conditioning the success of the model to the existence of a product (the standing forest) desired by a market governed by neoliberal values and a carbon-centric logic. This approach disregards the natural and social capital of the Legal Amazon.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Karaí chegou: estudo de caso dos efeitos socioambientais resultantes da ineficácia das ações/programas de mitigação da UHE Belo Monte na Terra Indígena Cachoeira Seca(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-22) TRINDADE, Bruna dos Santos; BRITO, Juarez Carlos Pezzuti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336The construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) was presented as a solution to the energy crises of 2001, aiming to boost national economic growth. This study examines the socio-environmental damages caused by the HPP in the Kujubim Village, located in the Cachoeira Seca Indigenous Land, in the Iriri River, within the Xingu Basin. Although the HPP was inaugurated in 2016, its adverse socio-environmental impacts on the Médio Xingu region have been largely overlooked in favor of economic gains since the inception of its studies to the present day.Among the main damages is the significant reduction in the Xingu River’s flow due to the damming and diversion at Volta Grande, which has generated territorial pressures harmful to indigenous communities. The so-called "Consensus Hydrogram," whose term "consensus" exists only in its name, was introduced as a compensatory measure to artificially replicate the seasonal pulse of floods and droughts in the river. However, as with other mitigation plans, this measure was not discussed with indigenous populations, highlighting failures in the process of prior consultation and respect for self-determination (Pezzuti et al., 2018). Moreover, the implementation of mitigation plans, such as the Basic Environmental Plan for the Indigenous Component (PBA-CI), was carried out without the proper participation of indigenous peoples, exacerbating issues such as increasing territorial pressure on Indigenous Lands, including Cachoeira Seca, Trincheira Bacajá, and Apyterewa. This study focuses on the ineffectiveness of the Indigenous Territorial Management Program (PGTI), a component of the PBA-CI, and how its poor implementation has contributed to worsening socio-environmental damages in Kujubim Village, inhabited by the Xipaia and Kuruaya peoples (Xipai and Kiriwai). The research seeks to answer the following question: how does the implementation of the PBA-CI and the strategy of demobilizing indigenous peoples through ineffective compensatory measures impact the territorial and socio environmental rights of the Kujubim Village? To address this question, the study adopts a case study methodology based on Robert Yin’s guidelines, using a qualitative approach. The research includes a bibliographic review, analysis of legal and technical documents, dialogues with indigenous peoples from the Médio Xingu, and participant observation. The objective is to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions between economic development, environmental preservation, and indigenous rights, highlighting the challenges associated with the ineffectiveness of mitigation programs.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Educação ambiental para a sustentabilidade da Amazônia Atlantica: desafios da Reserva Extrativista Marinha Araí-Peroba(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-24) SILVA, Elba Renata Picanço da; SILVA, Marilena Loureiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7261982145077537This dissertation seeks to problematize discussions about Environmental Education, seen as a fundamental tool for raising awareness and social participation in tackling the contemporary socio-environmental crisis. In this scenario, it is based on the understanding that schools have the social role of making a decisive contribution to promoting a better quality of life in the community, through educational practices aimed at sustainability. The aim of this research was to analyze the Environmental Education practices developed at the Emiliano Picanço da Costa Municipal Elementary and Secondary School, located in the Araí-Peroba Marine Extractive Reserve, in the municipality of Augusto Corrêa, Pará. This is an applied study with a qualitative approach, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, whose literature review was carried out through bibliographical and documentary research, and whose research strategy was the case study of the Emiliano Picanço da Costa Municipal Elementary and Secondary School. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with management, teachers, pedagogical coordinators and students, using non-probabilistic sampling, as well as direct observations, recorded in a field diary. The information was organized and categorized using content analysis. The results showed that the school faces several challenges in integrating environmental education into its pedagogical practices. The current approach is considered insufficient, as is ongoing training in Environmental Education, which hinders the implementation of more targeted and contextualized pedagogical practices at the school. The lack of institutional support and sporadic actions are also pointed out as obstacles, limiting the impact of educational actions. The conclusion is that, in order to overcome these barriers, coordinated initiatives must be taken to strengthen teacher training and promote greater integration between the curriculum of the Emiliano Picanço da Costa School and the socio-environmental reality of the Araí-Peroba RESEX.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Socioambientalização das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: o caso do povo Xucuru vs Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) SOUSA, Pilar Ravena de; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146The present dissertation aims to demonstrate that within its contentious jurisdiction, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR Court) manifests a process of social environmentalism in its jurisprudence. The case study was combined with bibliographic and documentary reviews as a research methodology. The case object of the study is the case of the Xucuru People vs Brazil. In the first chapter, the concept of socio- environmentalism is constructed (Souza Filho, 2002; Santilli, 2005; Diegues, 2008), which will be used to understand the socio-environmental effect of the Inter-American Court. To this end, the historical approach to the origin of the socio-environmental movement, its impact on Brazilian legislation, and how socio-environmental conflicts give rise to the perspective of socio-environmental justice in Brazil are made. The socio-environmental issue originates in the colonisation period, from how the territory was exploited and the labour of traditional communities and populations. However, the socio-environmental movement is only consigned from the articulation of environmental and social movements in Brazil, in the period after the Military Regime that preceded the constituent assembly. The period of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil was marked by the predatory exploitation of the Amazon, affecting traditional populations and communities. After this period, the rubber tappers' movement, led by Chico Mendes, stood out for presenting a path of development in the Amazon region that was not predatory development. From this intersection of the articulation between social movements and environmental movements, new rights were born, which broke with the exacerbated protection of individual rights and included, in the constitutional text, social rights and collective rights. Finally, the origin of the concept of Socio- Environmental Justice is discussed, which understands traditional communities as agents of conflict, considering that they are agents who have another relationship with nature, in which what is human and what is a natural resource is not divided – and, therefore, they need to be actors of Socio-Environmental Justice, starring in the agenda. The second chapter deals with the history of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the techniques used by this Court to protect the environment, given the limitation of its jurisdiction. To this end, the techniques of "greening" are analysed (MAZZUOLI; TEIXEIRA, 2017), used by other International Courts, to demonstrate that the effect on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is not a matter of greening its decisions, but instead of a socio-environmental approach in the construction of its Jurisprudence, based on the concept of Socio-Environmental Justice (Moreira, 2017). In the third chapter, the paradigm case is presented, a dispute in the Court of Human Rights between the Xucuru People and Brazi, a signatory member state of the Court's contentious jurisdiction. The dispute has as its object the demarcation of the lands of the Xucuru People, who do not respect the principle of speed, and, in the face of legislative changes in the country, had the demarcation process postponed several times. Given the legislative change, which made it possible for third parties to contest the demarcation, conflicts arose over the land object of the demarcation. The Inter- American Court of Human Rights judgment was signed in 2018 and, as of the date of the judgment, the indigenous landfill had not suffered total disintrusion, and could not fully enjoy its territory. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights recognised Brazil's obligation to end the demarcation process with the full disintrusion of indigenous territory from the perspective of communal property, recognising that the demarcated lands must belong entirely to the Xucuru People; in addition to recognising Brazil's duty to indemnify the Xucuru People for the unjustified extension of the process of demarcation of the territory of the Xucuru People.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Fronteiras invisíveis de gênero: impactos da dominação masculina em viagens solo de brasileiras(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-13) AIRES, Jamyle Cristine Abreu; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146Tourism plays a central role in social life, facilitating cultural exchanges and generating social, cultural, and political impacts. This study investigates masculine domination in the solo travel experiences of Brazilian women in Europe, with an emphasis on the gender dynamics that shape their perceptions of agency, freedom, and safety. The increase in female participation in solo tourism reflects socioeconomic changes that have provided women with greater autonomy; however, challenges still persist, such as the sexualization of their bodies and experiences of harassment, which affect their perceptions of freedom and safety. Using a qualitative approach grounded in critical theory, the research aims to understand how gender dynamics influence these women's experiences during solo travel. The methodology involved a literature review, data collection through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, and a critical data analysis, allowing for the identification of complex power relations that shape travel experiences. The results indicate that, by revealing their nationality, Brazilian women often face stereotypes of hypersexualization and submissiveness, leading to situations of discrimination and harassment. However, these experiences also challenge patriarchal norms, enhancing the women’s perceptions of autonomy, freedom, and self-esteem, and highlight their resistance to gender domination in the tourism context. Based on the findings, the research proposes guidelines for institutional strategies that could contribute to the reinterpretation of gender power relations in the context of solo female travel.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento local e turismo sustentável no setor público do município de Cedral-MA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-12) SILVA, Marceli de Cassia Alencar dos Santos; SIMONIAN, Lígia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244This dissertation investigates the intersection between sustainable development and tourism in the context of the municipality of Cedral, located in the Floresta dos Guarás Tourist Complex in Maranhão. The work is based on the premise that tourism can be a tool for local development, as long as it is implemented in a sustainable way and integrated with the needs of the community. The research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, using qualitative methodologies and the case-study model. The choice of Cedral as the study site is justified by its location in an emerging tourist hub, where public sector actions are still in the initial stages. The methodology includes data collection through field research, carried out between January 3 and 8 and September 6 and 8, 2023, which allowed the recognition and participant observation of local conditions. In the theoretical framework, the dissertation addresses concepts from Geography, emphasizing the categories of region and place, as well as discusses the General Theory of Tourism and the evolution of the concept of sustainability. It highlights the contradictions between socio-environmental development and effective practices, proposing that tourism should be less degrading and more consistent with the local environment. The research also reflects on the importance of planning that involves local communities, managers and socio-cultural representatives, with a view to building a tourism model that respects the specific characteristics of the region. The research aims to analyze the current situation of tourism in the municipality of Cedral, the actions of the public tourism sector and the engagement of socio-cultural representations, with sections dedicated to the theoretical basis, the methodologies and research techniques used, the study area, addressing its physical and social elements, and the panorama of the municipality's public tourism sector, analyzing the administrative organization and activities developed since the creation of the tourism secretariat. The study's contribution is significant, as it offers a critical reflection on the role of tourism in local development and suggests new possibilities for promoting sustainable tourism practices that respect the environment. It highlights the need for creative and participatory processes, involving all social actors, to guarantee the autonomy of local society and the viability of tourism that benefits the community. In short, this work offers theoretical and practical contributions to the understanding of sustainable tourism in the Amazon context.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Agricultura familiar e o desenvolvimento local no Município de Santarém Novo (PA)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-23) MONTEIRO, Sandy Lorena Costa; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391Considering the complexity and challenges faced by smaller municipalities in the Amazon regarding sustainable development, this research focused on exploring the relationship between sustainable local development and family farming in the municipality of Santarém Novo, located in the Northeast region of Pará, the third smallest state, with 6,116 inhabitants. The purpose of this research was to understand the development concepts of key decision-makers in the municipality, including public officials and representatives of social organizations of local farmers, as well as to assess farmers' perceptions of government actions, especially those impacting the future of family farming. This proposal aimed to comprehend how these diverse perspectives influence actions and policies for local development planning, with an emphasis on family farming. To achieve these objectives, a transdisciplinary approach was adopted, employing a concurrent mixed methods methodology that combines quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive evaluation of these interpretations. The quantitative strategy aimed to identify patterns and general trends in variables related to farmers' assessments, while the qualitative strategy explored the development cosmovisions of public officials and association representatives, based mainly on Ignacy Sachs' Theory of Dimensions of Sustainable Development, also supported by the development concepts of other authors such as David Korten and Amartya Sen. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with managers and association presidents, and the application of forms to farmers. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data analysis was performed using Bardin's (2016) Content Analysis technique. As a result, the research presented, in addition to the current panorama of municipal development, a diversity of challenges faced by family farmers, including productive dynamics, labor and organizational relations, technical assistance, access to public policies, credit, markets, and social participation. It was also possible to list the main demands and needs of farmers for improving conditions in the sector. Farmers' assessments of the municipal government's actions on these issues were predominantly negative. Furthermore, the research evidenced a plurality of understandings about the aspects that compose development in the interviewees' view. Despite the distinct priorities and strategies addressed by different groups and individuals, the results generally highlighted a greater emphasis on the social dimension of sustainable development, encompassing elements such as health, education, and income, as well as the need to expand opportunities and capacities of individuals and access to non-productive activities such as leisure. These elements were widely recognized as fundamental to ensuring a solid foundation for individual and collective progress and well-being. There is also a shared perception of the importance of economic, territorial, and political aspects (national). The cultural dimension was also alluded to with considerable frequency. However, some areas, despite being considered important, were less emphasized by them, such as the ecological, environmental, and political (international) dimensions. In contrast, there was also an emphasis on considering more subjective aspects of human development, related to ethical, moral, religious, psychological values, and the strengthening of social relations, which refer to solidarity, respect, fraternity, and community sense.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) História na Beirada: memórias de quilombolas do Caldeirão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-13) CASTRO, Laiane Katrine da Silva; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-3884Memory is a central element in the study of social groups, connecting daily life to the historical past of these communities. This dissertation adopts a decolonial and counter-hegemonic approach, prioritizing the voices of the elders of the Quilombola Community of Caldeirão, in Salvaterra, Pará, while linking these narratives to an analysis of the historical and contemporary transformations of the territory. It discusses the colonial process on Marajó Island, marked by the imposition of large estates, the land appropriation by religious missions, and the presence of Africans and their resistance. This colonial context is essential for understanding the identity dynamics of Caldeirão, which preserves insurgent cultural practices in opposition to the enduring colonial legacies. Through memories and oral tradition, the research seeks to understand the trajectories and expressions of local identities, valuing lived experiences as legitimate forms of knowledge. As a quilombola community fighting for the recognition of its land rights, memory plays an essential role in (re)constructing identity, renewing itself without breaking its roots. The methodology — participant observation, oral history, and interviews — enabled immersion in the community's daily life and the listening to voices sidelined by official history, revealing local knowledge and multiple temporalities that shape community life. Thus, memory is valued as a living practice of transformation and resistance, offering a panorama that integrates ancestral narratives, the impact of colonialism on Marajó, and the contemporary challenges faced by the Quilombola Community of CaldeirãoItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diálogo entre Cortes: um estudo sobre a aplicabilidade da Convenção Americana sobre Direitos Humanos em litígios minerários do Tribunal de Justiça do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-13) ALVES, Sandro Júnior do Carmo; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391The general objective of this Master's Dissertation is to describe, based on jurimetric data and the analysis of judgments, how the rights protected by the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) and its related jurisprudence can serve as pro homine instruments in the dialogue between the Tribunal de Justiça do Pará (TJ-PA) and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) in cases involving the mining industry in the state of Pará. A descriptive research with an inductive method was used to analyze the judgments. The bibliographic review revealed that environmental conflicts related to mining are associated with the intrinsic dimensions of this model of exploration, which causes negative impacts both on the environment and on the quality of life of local communities. For the purposes of analysis of the Dissertation, these conflicts were categorized into 7 types. As a theoretical framework, the research adopted the theory of “dialogue between Courts”, which explores communication between different jurisdictions for a broad defense of human rights. Given that Brazil is a signatory to the ACHR and is under the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the State must respect the rights enshrined in this Convention, in its related case law, and in other documents, such as Advisory Opinion No. 23 of 2017, which establishes the relationship between the environment and human rights. The analysis of the 187 rulings of the TJ-PA revealed that 129 refer to agrarian conflicts, followed by those related to the progressive development of society. The company Vale S.A. is the largest litigant, present in 120 rulings. Regarding the grounds used, procedural law rules stood out, cited 211 times, followed by agrarian law rules, mentioned 82 times. The most recurrent case law was of a civil procedural nature, followed by agrarian law, while the doctrinal references were also predominantly procedural, followed by civil law. It was observed that the ACHR could be applied in all rulings. It was also found that arguments related to economic rights and property rights of mining companies still prevail over the rights to quality of life of local communities. Even when decisions are favorable to residents, these rights are not interpreted comprehensively, as has already been done by the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Thus, it is clear that there is a need for dialogue between the TJPA and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights so that court decisions related to mining and human rights do not exacerbate social inequalities.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Tradição da economia do meio ambiente e o pensamento de Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen: perspectivas no debate atual e Influência sobre políticas de bioeconomia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-12) SANCHES, Matheus Frasão; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639This research investigates the formation of the debate on natural resources and the environment in the history of economic thought from a historiographical and conceptual perspective. In this sense, it analyzes the complex interaction between the economic system and nature, in its broadest sense, seeking to guide the emergence of the concept of bioeconomy for the contemporary debate aimed at tackling the issue of the climate emergency. In order to do so, it emphasizes the historiographical turning point, and the role played by the seminal contribution of Romanian economist Georgescu-Roegen in shaping the concept of the bioeconomy in the 1970s. It also explores how, from that point on, two distinct theoretical approaches emerged to deal with the challenges posed by the environmental issue and which analyzed the economic process in different ways: one which, adhering to the principles proposed by Georgescu-Roegen, promoted the search for a closer integration between the spheres of the economic theory of production and the emerging science of ecology; and another which, maintaining the epistemological inspiration anchored in the physics of the first half of the 19th century, sought to reincorporate the role of natural resources and “forgotten” environmental variables into contemporary economic analysis. Finally, the text highlights the theoretical and practical differences between these approaches, and how they shape the various contemporary conceptions of the bioeconomy, which today influence the formulation of public policies aimed at reconciling economic development with environmental sustainability, in a scenario of global climate change.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Round Table on Responsible Soy na Amazônia: uma análise dos relatórios de auditoria(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-05) PIMENTEL, Cleyton Alves Candeira; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290In recent decades, soybean monoculture in the Amazon has generated significant economic and socio-environmental impacts. To mitigate conflicts and promote equity, private transnational governance initiatives focusing on sustainability have established standards for the soy production chain. In its mission to promote "responsible" soy production, the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) certifies about 40% of its agricultural enterprises in Brazil, exerting considerable influence in the Legal Amazon. This research, utilizing machine learning methodology through the Transformers framework, seeks to identify discursive patterns in RTRS audit reports. Furthermore, by conducting a time series analysis, Covariance Analysis, Constant Market-Share Analysis, and the Jevons-Borlaug Index, the economic effects of this certification on the value chain in the Legal Amazon were verified. The tested hypothesis was that RTRS certification, contrary to expectations, segments agricultural enterprises in the discursive field, secures large market demand shares for a small number of organizations, and boosts their financial profitability through increased capital reputation. With this hypothesis confirmed, it was concluded that RTRS presents structural problems in its governance, paradoxically acting in opposition to its initial purpose. Thus, it becomes evident that private transnational governance of soy has economic impacts that favor specific business groups in the region and acts to incite an increasing demand for land as a production factor.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudos em ontologias do desenvolvimento(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-17) CASTRO, Pedro Neves de; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639This work seeks to understand the transformation in the interpretation of the Brazilian nation and the State between the 1920s and the 1950s. The transition from an anti-regionalist conception to a perspective centered on national developmentalism marks a crucial turning point in this period. The central aim is to comprehend the processes and circumstances that gave rise to this shift by analyzing the ontologies of development in the formation of the Brazilian republican State. Composed of two chapters, the study explores the ontologies of the ideas of Brazil, the State, and development, seeking to foster dialogue rather than provide definitive answers, thereby encouraging multidisciplinary reflection on political and economic thought. In the first chapter, titled "Ontologies of the State and the Idea of Development," the philosophical roots of ontology are examined alongside the phenomenological context and variables that influenced the construction of thought models responsible for reflections on the "being" of the State and its crucial role in shaping the ideas of development. The second chapter, "Ontologies of Brazilian Political and Social Thought," presents an overview of different perspectives on Brazil as a managing State and productive space. By discussing developmentalism in the Brazilian context, the study explores the emergence of the concept and the influence of economic and social debates preceding the 1950s, a period when the economic school of thought and developmentalism were consolidated. This work introduces ontological analysis into the understanding of development, emphasizing the hermeneutic and interpretative approach adopted to examine the sources that contributed to the social construction of the concept of development and its state-driven practice.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Contribuições do Campus Universitário - UFPA e do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia - IFPA para o desenvolvimento local no município de Bragança (PA) a partir do modelo da Hélice Tríplice(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-23) SOARES, Patrícia da Trindade; MATHIS, Armin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8365078023155571; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-9391The dissertation analyzed the contributions of the University Campus - UFPA and the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology - IFPA to the promotion of local development in the municipality of Bragança (PA) from the Triple Helix model. The study, aimed at analyzing the economic and social dimensions, was structured on quantitative data that show the performance of these HEIs in the generation of knowledge, innovative ideas and patent filing. The investigation focused on official data from government agencies for the period, predominantly, from 2014 to 2024. Additionally, information was collected about the intellectual production generated by research professors from UFPA and IFPA in the city, as well as about the partnerships made by them with organizations representing other propellers. Also added to the scope of this work, searches in the field of academic training of individuals who are part of the spheres of university, industry and municipal public governance. The research concluded that the educational institutions investigated are still in an incipient phase in the process of IFES – INDUSTRY – GOVERNMENT interaction. However, the participation of the educational units has increased over the last few years in articulations and actions aimed at strengthening entrepreneurship, the surrounding productive sectors and social issues in the community.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da qualidade de Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) para licenciamento de mineradoras no estado do Amapá(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-20) LOBO, Ivonês Damasceno; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290In the context of sustainable development, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) emerges as an essential instrument in the environmental licensing process for public or private ventures with significant impacts. In Brazil, the Resolution No. 01/1986 of CONAMA (National Environmental Council) established basic criteria for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). However, globalization has driven changes in production patterns, leading to the emergence of corporate interests seeking to relax environmental licensing rules. This trend, particularly evident during the administrations of Temer and Bolsonaro, has resulted in policies more favorable to the business sector, including proposals for mineral exploration in indigenous lands. In the Amazon, this translates into a history of Large Projects that often exploit the region to the benefit of other parts of the country, leaving negative socio-environmental impacts. The quality of EIAs for mining enterprises in the state of Amapá is a point of concern, especially considering the dismantling of the environmental licensing process in Brazil since the 1980s. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) of mining ventures in the state of Amapá. The research problem to be addressed is: How have quality standards been implemented in Environmental Impact Assessments conducted by mining enterprises in Amapá? To achieve this, the quality of three mining EIAs for mining projects in the state of Amapá will be assessed using the internationally recognized Lee and Colley Review Package methodology. The results indicate that the studies are “unsatisfactory due to important omissions or inadequate points”.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Ameaça aos habitats: avaliação da cobertura e uso da terra na área do município de Tailândia (PA) pela monocultura da palma de óleo(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-01) FERNANDES, Bianca Moraes; RAVENA, Nírvia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0486445417640290One of the main catalysts for endangered species is habitat loss. Therefore, the assessment of land cover and use in the municipality of Tailândia, which is the largest producer of palm oil in the state of Pará, seeks to understand how monoculture can impact on the region's biomes and subsequently the habitats of endemic species. This understanding is based on the theoretical framework of ecological economics, the counter-discourse of sustainable development and Indigenous authors. To understand how biodiversity loss occurs, we use literature on mass extinctions and the Anthropocene. Finally, we seek to trace the path of palm oil to the Amazon, where its monoculture has affected the entire region socio-environmentally. The maps were produced with images from MapBiomas, which monitors different land uses in Brazil, with the Geographic Information System, using the free software QGIS (3.34), as well as data from the IBGE. Extinction is evaluated using the threat scale established by the IUCN, which together with ICMBio, and its SALVE system, SiBBr and GBIF, are used to assess which species occur in the Amazon biome area that are threatened with extinction and could be impacted by palm oil monoculture in the region. As a result, it is possible to observe that there is a large occurrence of species in the geographical area, and there are also records of endangered species that inhabit or pass through the area of the municipality of Tailândia (PA). The SALVE system has records of 223 endangered species that occur in the state of Pará. In SiBBr, there are records of 2,211 species occurring in the municipality of Tailândia. In GBIF, 1,362 occurrences of species were recorded in the municipality of Tailândia.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Agricultura familiar e seu papel na produção rural paraense: uma análise a partir do censo agropecuário de 2017(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) CORREA, Alan Tiago; RAVENA CAÑETE, Thales Maximiliano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6291249974166783Family farming plays a crucial role in agricultural production in the state of Pará, serving as one of the main sources of employment and income in rural areas while significantly contributing to the local and regional economy. The practices adopted by small-scale producers are essential for the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources. Studying family farming in Pará allows for a deeper understanding of its specificities and challenges, providing valuable insights for the development of more effective and inclusive public policies. This study aims to analyze, based on data provided by the 2017 Agricultural Census, the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, with an emphasis on its contribution to the supply of the domestic market. The research seeks to answer the following question: “What is the role of family farming in rural production in Pará, considering its contribution to the supply of the domestic market, based on the 2017 Agricultural Census?”. Employing a mixed-methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methodologies, the study explores the nuances and qualitative aspects of family farming's contribution, including the social, cultural, and economic dynamics that permeate this activity, as well as the challenges faced by small producers. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis provides an objective view of the sector's contribution, using data on agricultural production. The analytical method is based on the description of variables related to family farming and the evolution of agricultural production. For this, data from the 2017 Agricultural Census are used, covering areas such as rural agroindustry, livestock, forestry, temporary and permanent crops, plant extraction, floriculture, and horticulture. The results indicate that family farming also stands out in the supply of higher value-added products, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes. These crops, which require specialized management and are market-oriented, are fundamental to the supply of local fairs and markets in urban areas, establishing a direct connection between rural and urban spaces. This productive diversification not only strengthens family farming but also ensures an efficient local supply chain, reducing dependency on large producers and external products. By focusing on the domestic market, small-scale farmers guarantee a continuous supply of essential products, particularly in times of crisis or logistical challenges.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Projeto Município Verde de Paragominas - PA e a questão Social no discurso de sustentabilidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-12) TOURINHO, Luana Peixoto; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738The Município Verde project is a development plan implemented in Paragominas–PA to stop deforestation in its territory and encourage sustainable practices in the formulation of the municipal economic matrix and in the activities of local society. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the Project Município Verde and the social indicators of Paragominas–PA between 2010– 2023 with the purpose of understanding municipal sustainability. The Objetive of the study is to present an overview of sustainable development and sustainability, as well as understanding the Município Verde Project and its relationship with sustainability, in the same way as examining the social indicators of Paragominas between 2010– 2023 and their relationship with the Município Verde Project and, finally, analyze the results of the absence of a social aspect in the Município Verde Project of Paragominas–PA. To this end, bibliographical research was used as a data collection method, through the study raised in the theoretical framework on sustainability and the Município Verde project, as well as the survey of social indicators in Paragominas, between the years 2010–2023 present in the public databases that enabled qualitative analysis of the findings. It was evident that, for the sustainability of the Município Verde Project based on the social indicators of Paragominas between 2010–2023, it is necessary to review the implemented development model so that, more than an economic development plan, this is a sustainable local development model. Furthermore, the gap in the social approach in the project had an impact on the municipality's social indicators and indicates that the local government has the challenge of implementing sustainable development measures in the Município Verde Project related to social issues. Finally, through the entire study carried out and the pedagogical suggestions presented, it was possible to confirm that the sustainability discourse in Paragominas based on the Município Verde project still needs to face social issues in the municipality in order to provide sustainability to this model of local development.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A Agricultura praticada no espaço urbano: o caso do bairro Almir Gabriel em Marituba - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-12) ROSA, Ciria Cristiane da; FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5612208724254738Marituba is a municipality located in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará. From 2006 to 2017 years, an agricultural census was carried out, during this period 11 years there has been a decline of 65% of family production units. That reduction is associated with numerous factors such as: the aging of farmers, lack of interest from younger people, lack of public policies and of technical assistance and rural extension. In addition to these aspects, there was an increase population in the municipality. The agriculture that is developed in the municipality supplies the markets of the capital of Pará and is characterized as small lots – sites or agroforestry backyards – in which farmers develop a variety of crops within urban areas. Almir Gabriel is a neighborhood that used to be a farm and went through an occupation process, during the demarcation of the place agricultural production plots and areas intended for housing were divided. So, the study has the following question: with the expansion of urbanization in the neighborhood, lots and agricultural land are failing to develop agriculture due to other forms of land use and conversion of urban space? For To answer this question, we sought to achieve the general objective: to understand how the production of urban space affects agricultural activities in the city. the specifics objectives are: To get information about territorial aspects, urban areas and the characteristics of urban agriculture in Marituba. To Check the actions developed by institutions dealing with agriculture in the municipality. To identify the perceptions of farmers in the Almir Gabriel neighborhood about the urbanization taking place in the locality. As for the methodological procedures, this is a research with a qualitative approach, with use of methods quantitative data described in tables and graphs, consultations with bibliographies and documents, in addition to semi-structured interviews with farmers and managers public. the areas were sold and incorporated into a process of real estate speculation and there is an advance in the urbanization of space demarcated to agriculture, causing environmental damage.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Som automotivo: patrimonialização, política e mercado(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-24) MORAIS, Vanessa Malheiro; FIGUEIREDO, Silvio José de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2578700144404800; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-1639This research investigates the Belém/PA town hall request to patrimonialize automotive sound, in special the stakeholders behaviours, and assess the valorisation relationships regarding imaterial cultural assets. Through its development, the study presents the Automotive Sound cultural arena, its practices, production, social representation, which deepens the relationships among culture and modern consumption. Field data related to culture, identity and cultural assets were collected in the cities of Belém (PA), Imperatriz (MA), Chapecó (RS) and Osasco (SP). Field work made use of interviews, direct observation, bibliography efforts including internet and social media, newspapers, participation on cultural events (get togethers, meetings, championships); it also included Automobile exposition at Pará Federal University (2018) and the establishment of a virtual and in person interaction network based on WhatsApp. The study allowed the reflection of behaviours and tools adopted by the state seal for the recognition of socially established cultural values and of interests throughout the patrimonial process where historical subjects - through a national practice and policy - leads to a disorder in the patrimony development process. It was observed the establishment of sound cultural expressions in the modern society, based on a political-cultural imaginary and on a hybrid mass culture with diversified lifestyles.