Dissertações em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (Mestrado) - PPGDSTU/NAEA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2296

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) do Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). O Mestrado em Planejamento do Desenvolvimento (PLADES) foi implantado em 1977 e foi pioneiro dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu das áreas de humanidades e ciências sociais aplicadas na Amazônia.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

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De que Amazônia vocês estão falando?: a categoria Amazônia para o Banco Mundial e o BNDES
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-22) RIBEIRO, Domingos Antonio Feitosa; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de
The Amazon category is treated in different ways by different people, therefore, it is necessary to understand how the World Bank and the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES) understand the Amazon. What is the Amazon for the World Bank and BNDES? How do they think about Amazon? Do the Amazon concepts for the two banks change over time? How many concepts do the two banks use for Amazon? How do they see the Amazon? The objective is to understand how the World Bank and BNDES think about the Amazon. This general objective unfolds in others that would be to understand the history of the Amazon; analyze the documents of the World Bank that deal with the Amazon; study the BNDES documents that address the Amazon category. To achieve these goals, documents dealing with the Amazon are used and are available for public debate in the portals of the two banks. There are four hypotheses raised: both the World Bank and BNDES understand the Amazon as a source of natural resources available to the world market; the definition of the Amazon category for both the World Bank and the BNDES involves the dependence of the Amazon on the world market; there is a common project between the World Bank and BNDES about and for the Amazon and, finally, the World Bank continues to dictate, finance and project the future of the Amazon. The Amazon category varies with the time of production and reproduction of world capital, as at one time it was an "empty" region ready to be explored and occupied, while at another moment it is a region of natural resources that need to be preserved, but without detachment of the “vocation” of exporting primary or semi finished goods supplying the great centers of the world and national market, while the promises made by the two development banks do not arrive. During this wait, both at the World Bank and at the BNDES, the idea, also aimed at the Amazon, of “sustainable development” arises. For the World Bank, “sustainable development” is the redemption of the sins committed during the 1970s and 1980s, as the World Bank did not blame the financing it gave and the projects it carried out in the Amazon during this period. For the BNDES, which was born with one foot in the concern of the “environmental issue”, the path is not so difficult, despite doing the opposite of what the World Bank did, and they only did it because it was what had to be done. The concept of Amazon is variable for the World Bank and BNDES, it depends on what the capital, as a whole, wants for the moment.
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Dinâmica ribeirinha e a periferia na metrópole amazônica: subcentralidade urbana e representação social no distrito de Icoaraci em Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-29) RAMOS, Erick Afonso Santiago; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
On the amazon context of the 1970s, the intensified migratory motion towards Belém was one of the elements that provided the urban decentralization to spaces futher away from the central area, causing, an urban shape marked by dispersion. With this, new spaces for settlements were being constituted in distant areas, especially towards Icoaraci, historical district of Belém. Such growth and consequent sprawl of the urban tissue, although it has been done in a discontinued way in the territory, presupposes the reinforcement, or even the creation of new spaces of consumption aimed at the meeting the growing daily demands of this population. It is understood that in the last decades, as all city of Belém, Icoaraci has gone through relevant transformations associated to the reproduction process of space and, most importantly, on the reconfiguration of its sub centrality. In this sense, the current work focused on studying the redefinition of Icoaraci’s sub centrality, on a way that the social agents producers of the space would obtain a singular focus. Therefore, a set of narratives from the subjects that constitutes the sub centrality of the district was covered, involving their memories, social-spatial experiences and apprehensions about the scope of their daily practices, providing a comprehension of the dynamics of sub centrality from of an investigative and theoretical-methodological differentiated conception. The research problem was based on the following question: how it does the redefinition of Icoaraci's sub centrality take place in the perspective of the practice and representations of social agents? In this sense, it sought to understand the redefinitions ocasionated on the sub centrality icoaraciense from the daily practices and the social representations of the agents, including discussions about the historic formation of the sub centrality of the district and their two sub centers; the daily practices of the agents involved on the redefinition of their sub centrality and the social representations built that made it possible to analyze this redefinition. With an approach of qualitative nature, the type of investigation developed was the field study (GIL, 2012), dialoguing with the social representation methodology with the intention of develop a research guided on the perspective of the social subjects and from interdisciplinary coverage. The methodological procedures are strutted on five steps: bibliographic research, documental research, complete observation on field, realization of open interviews and semi structures and elaboration of cartographic contents. It is considered that on the context of Belém’s metropolization the local reality presents on a complex mode, because in the two sub centers stands out dynamics towards to reinforcements of the sub centrality of the district due to the activities and logics that involves, however it is been registered the occurrence of an intensification of search for new areas and consumption shape due to the installation of commercials equipments, especially, large wholesale networks and Shopping Center on the axis of the Augusto Montenegro Avenue. Following the theoric perspective of social representation it is believed that this spatial redefinition is product of the cognition process of the subjects and the intercommunicative relationship between then and with the space that guides their daily practices.
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Fronteiras invisíveis de gênero: impactos da dominação masculina em viagens solo de brasileiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-11-13) AIRES, Jamyle Cristine Abreu; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
Tourism plays a central role in social life, facilitating cultural exchanges and generating social, cultural, and political impacts. This study investigates masculine domination in the solo travel experiences of Brazilian women in Europe, with an emphasis on the gender dynamics that shape their perceptions of agency, freedom, and safety. The increase in female participation in solo tourism reflects socioeconomic changes that have provided women with greater autonomy; however, challenges still persist, such as the sexualization of their bodies and experiences of harassment, which affect their perceptions of freedom and safety. Using a qualitative approach grounded in critical theory, the research aims to understand how gender dynamics influence these women's experiences during solo travel. The methodology involved a literature review, data collection through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, and a critical data analysis, allowing for the identification of complex power relations that shape travel experiences. The results indicate that, by revealing their nationality, Brazilian women often face stereotypes of hypersexualization and submissiveness, leading to situations of discrimination and harassment. However, these experiences also challenge patriarchal norms, enhancing the women’s perceptions of autonomy, freedom, and self-esteem, and highlight their resistance to gender domination in the tourism context. Based on the findings, the research proposes guidelines for institutional strategies that could contribute to the reinterpretation of gender power relations in the context of solo female travel.
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Nosso canto é aqui! Quilombolas de Santa Maria do Traquateua frente a interesses do poder privado em Jambuaçu/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-07-07) ALVES, Suely Rodrigues; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
We approach, in this study, part of the history of a rural black community called Santa Maria of Traquateua, in the municipality of Moju, State of Pará, that by incorporating ethnic factors in the struggle for land, define themselves as remaining of quilombo. Having the Earth as a nucleating category, in which they practice the common use of the natural resources, we investigate the process of this community resistance against the conflicts with private power companies, especially monoculture form of palm oil and mining companies on its territory (which started since late of 70s). This study was developed, following the critical thinking, starting from the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu and dialoguing with the concepts of traditional peoples, peasants and development. The methodology included a literature review, documentary consultation and field study followed by interviews. The analysis led us to conclude that, in spite of facing the changes and intervention of economic agents on their territory and even in front of expropriation process of their social reproduction conditions (whether territorial, socio-economical or cultural), the community rebuilds strategies to ensure their permanence in the place of ancestral occupation. Thus, in this sense, the resistance as a way of life is peasant and quilombola.
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Oiapoque: uma parabólica na floresta estado, integração e conflitos no extremo Norte da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-06-26) SILVA, José Guilherme Carvalho da; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
This project focus on a study of Oiapoque, a borough, which is located at the northernmost region of the state of Amapá, at the border with French Guyana and intends to reflect about the great infrastructure projects incidence, planned by the Iniciative for Southe American Infrastructure Integration – IIRSA, and the National Hubs of Integration and Development – ENID as well, created by the Brazilian Government to that specific Amazon territory. The study now submitted under evaluation consists of four fundamental conjectures. First, the current regional integration process isn’t antagonistic to the contemporary dynamics of the capitalistic globalization, in spite of the existing contradictions. Next, the National State are not impacted the same way by the globalization and they still keep relevant task in the international scene. Third, IIRSA and ENID are inclined to deepen the social-spatial fragmentation of the south-american countries. And finally, the construction of the bridge over the Oiapoque River and the tar macadam repair of the road BR-156 seek to assurance the competitiveness of companies with deep presence in the international market, or those of which intends to join it and the natural resources access and control by the great capital. This situation results in a compulsory integration of Oiapoque to the regional integration dynamics.
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Um olhar atrás da escrita: o pensamento de Benedito Nunes sobre a Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-22) GUIMARÃES, Maria Stella Faciola Pessôa; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The works about Brazilian intellectuals with activities in Amazon are small numbered and usually have gap, mainly when they are analysed out of social context, which makes it harder to know the ideas of those thinkers. In this sense, this dissertation chooses an analysis methodology of Benedito Nunes' thinking based on his texts concerning the Amazon region and relating them with its respective creation contexts. Benedito Nunes was born and always lived in Belém. He has an expressive intellectual production. He won admiration, in Brazil and abroad, for his engagement in the field of philosophy and literary criticism. He wrote seminal papers about Heidegger, Nietzsche, Guimarães Rosa and Clarice Lispector. But the thinker from Pará also wrote essays, granted interviews, wrote forewords, took part in debates and delivered lectures on reflections on history, society and culture from the Amazon, Pará and Belém. In this sense, therefore, he reflects about his own region, and this aspect allows relate him to the study field of Brazilian social thinking. This document analyzes 11 texts by the author in question, duly contextualized, aiming to present a new possibility of reading the works of professor Benedito: as Amazon interpreter that uses, in order to understand the region, the heritage of universal thought that he learned during his accomplished studies. Thus, this dissertation champions the inclusion, as research object of social sciences, of this less revealed part of Benedito's interdisciplinary collection, built during singular intellectual trajectory.
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Políticas públicas e trabalho no transporte alternativo na Amazônia: moto táxi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-07-10) SALIM FILHO, Massoud Tufi; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
It analyzes the urban transports problematic, in the context of the Amazon region. The study aimed to describe and to analyze the transport of motorcycle-taxi in the cities of Castanhal, state of Pará, and Tefé, state of Amazon, as a realistic sample of this Region, front to the production necessities (private industry of motorcycle) and the reproduction (group of people). The study was: an exploration survey because has a little accumulated and systemize knowledge about the subject; explanatory, in reason of the search of relations between the variable; and descriptive, for the reason that esteem elements frequencies with definitive property or quantitative characteristic. The empirical research obeys a sampled plan. The search for knowledge on alternative transport was giving by bibliographical research. The conclusion of this scientific exposition is the public politics absence of urban transport in a context of non structuralize work market contributes for the sprouting of inadequate transports services for the perspective of security, and also in an singular chance of work, excludent, however of the roll of benefits capable to reduce the social risks of the involved workers in the activity.
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As relações de poder na política energética brasileira: análise do processo comunicacional do planejamento do Complexo Hidrelétrico do Tapajós
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-26) CUNHA, Larissa Carreira da; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The production of electrical energy is considered strategic for the country's economic development, and was inserted on the economic policy by the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC in Portuguese). Between the sources of electricity generation, hydroelectric plants are responsible for almost 80% of Brazil's energy production. In this sense, Amazon becomes an strategic region for the planning for new hydroelectric plants, as in the Hydroelectric Complex of Tapajós, which is composed by five plants on the region of the Tapajós river basin, west of Pará, also one of the most preserved places in the country. This study analyzes the planning of the plants of São Luiz do Tapajós e Jatobá, starting from the comunicacional process that is established by the project "Tapajós Dialogue", created by the Tapajós Study Group, composed by companies that intent to study the environmental impact and economic viability. This study will consider a permanent source of tension and dispute between agents that in one hand defend a model of economic growth, and in the other hand defend the environmental preservation, and will analyze the relations of power in this phase of the projects.
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Relações internacionais em cidades amazônicas: atuação e inserção internacional de Belém e Manaus (1997-2012)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-12) ROCHA, William Monteiro; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
Along the last decades, the study of the International Relations has diversified its analysis, leaving behind an approach focused on the National States, and starting to analyze mindfully the dynamic and rise of the new global actors on international scenery. These new global actors are taken as sub national entities, including the cities and the local governments, begetting, thus, a new analysis focus, mainly, on the international cooperation context. This Master’s thesis analyzes why and how the insertion and the international acting of both Amazonian cities, Belem and Manaus, occur; considering as scenery, a globalized and interdependent world. In this new scenery’s set, which is propitious to the international relations, the international cooperation becomes a latent instrument to not only countries’ development, but also to cities’ development, through the Decentralized Cooperation: politiceconomic phenomenon relatively recent and that increasingly has entered on the local developments’ agendas. The cities embrace, more and more, the international relations and the decentralized cooperation strategies as a driving and parallel development agenda, whether on the external resources capitation, on the local identity strengthening or even, on both foreign trade promotion and cultural dissemination. Belem and Manaus, lócus of this research, have presented along the years several motivations and ways of make their international relations effective, and, in order to analyze them, a fundamentally qualitative analysis was adopted, tracing an analytical-descriptive framework between the investigated cities. This work analyzes the actions, strategies, mechanisms and institutionalized and noninstitutionalized ways of international activities management in those cities. The current global scenery is encourager of multilevel interactions between ‘old’ and ‘new’ international actors, however the international relations habitus stimulates, more and more, the continuity and the commitment which the governments (national or local) must have to correspond and follow the dynamics that are imposed by globalization, although, not all the governments follow, possess or dedicate appropriated structures to the yearnings which are demanded by the new and interdependent international scenery.
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A Socioambientalização das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos: o caso do povo Xucuru vs Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10-30) SOUSA, Pilar Ravena de; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The present dissertation aims to demonstrate that within its contentious jurisdiction, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR Court) manifests a process of social environmentalism in its jurisprudence. The case study was combined with bibliographic and documentary reviews as a research methodology. The case object of the study is the case of the Xucuru People vs Brazil. In the first chapter, the concept of socio- environmentalism is constructed (Souza Filho, 2002; Santilli, 2005; Diegues, 2008), which will be used to understand the socio-environmental effect of the Inter-American Court. To this end, the historical approach to the origin of the socio-environmental movement, its impact on Brazilian legislation, and how socio-environmental conflicts give rise to the perspective of socio-environmental justice in Brazil are made. The socio-environmental issue originates in the colonisation period, from how the territory was exploited and the labour of traditional communities and populations. However, the socio-environmental movement is only consigned from the articulation of environmental and social movements in Brazil, in the period after the Military Regime that preceded the constituent assembly. The period of the Military Dictatorship in Brazil was marked by the predatory exploitation of the Amazon, affecting traditional populations and communities. After this period, the rubber tappers' movement, led by Chico Mendes, stood out for presenting a path of development in the Amazon region that was not predatory development. From this intersection of the articulation between social movements and environmental movements, new rights were born, which broke with the exacerbated protection of individual rights and included, in the constitutional text, social rights and collective rights. Finally, the origin of the concept of Socio- Environmental Justice is discussed, which understands traditional communities as agents of conflict, considering that they are agents who have another relationship with nature, in which what is human and what is a natural resource is not divided – and, therefore, they need to be actors of Socio-Environmental Justice, starring in the agenda. The second chapter deals with the history of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the techniques used by this Court to protect the environment, given the limitation of its jurisdiction. To this end, the techniques of "greening" are analysed (MAZZUOLI; TEIXEIRA, 2017), used by other International Courts, to demonstrate that the effect on the Inter-American Court of Human Rights is not a matter of greening its decisions, but instead of a socio-environmental approach in the construction of its Jurisprudence, based on the concept of Socio-Environmental Justice (Moreira, 2017). In the third chapter, the paradigm case is presented, a dispute in the Court of Human Rights between the Xucuru People and Brazi, a signatory member state of the Court's contentious jurisdiction. The dispute has as its object the demarcation of the lands of the Xucuru People, who do not respect the principle of speed, and, in the face of legislative changes in the country, had the demarcation process postponed several times. Given the legislative change, which made it possible for third parties to contest the demarcation, conflicts arose over the land object of the demarcation. The Inter- American Court of Human Rights judgment was signed in 2018 and, as of the date of the judgment, the indigenous landfill had not suffered total disintrusion, and could not fully enjoy its territory. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights recognised Brazil's obligation to end the demarcation process with the full disintrusion of indigenous territory from the perspective of communal property, recognising that the demarcated lands must belong entirely to the Xucuru People; in addition to recognising Brazil's duty to indemnify the Xucuru People for the unjustified extension of the process of demarcation of the territory of the Xucuru People.
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Universidade e sociedade: faces da extensão na UFPA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-10-20) GONÇALVES, Rosilene Ferreira; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
This study on the relation university and society in the view of the Extension of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), based on the analysis of three dimensions: the institutional policy, the academic formation and valorization and the relation with the society. Through this work, one tries to understand how the Extension of the University in the institution happens, as well as to verify what the contribution of this activity for the performers directly involved in extensionist projects. The research was held in three projects under development at the UFPA: Projeto Riacho Doce (PRD), Rádio-Ação (PRA) and Projeto Atenção Integral em Saúde Bucal na Creche Sorena (PAISB), which are representative in the thematic areas of education, culture and health. During the research it has been adopted the qualitative and quantitative approaches, and as techniques, the participating observation in the projects, interviews and questionnaires with the manager of the extension, professors and students of the UFPA, communities assisted by the projects and a PRD partner. It has been noticed that the Extension of the University at UFPA is under building process of its institutional validity and it has been strengthened in this last decade by the Forum of Pro-Rectors of Extension of Brazilian Universities, considered as the main reference at the boundary of conceptions and forms of organization of the extensionist programs and projects in the institution. It is common to notice, in the researched subjects, a conception of Extension very much based on the traditional patterns, although new elements have been added to it, considering the understanding of this activity as academic and integrating. It has also been observed the manifestation of differentiated patterns of making Extension, which are concrete in several organizational structures, whose main objective is to enlarge its life cycle. Both professors and students are unanimous in pointing out the importance of this activity for their personal, academic and professional life, in spite of the fact that a lot of clogs are pointed out in this process. Eventually the study shows that there are channels of communication of the university with the society, which need to be widened in order to change them into privileged forums of guidance of the extensionist activities. It comes to conclude that it is possible to see the academic and social strengthening of the Extension, even if several factors are necessary for its reach in the education scenery.
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Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte: o campo de forças no licenciamento ambiental e o discurso desenvolvimentista dos agentes políticos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-15) NASCIMENTO, Sabrina Mesquita do; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
This dissertation develops an analysis about the dynamic of the field of relationships established around the construction of the Belo Monte dam, seen from the actions undertaken in the licensing process. The main objective was to reveal the logics that organize actions and relations between actors and institutions and determine the course of licensing procedures for the dam. It was evidenced by analysis the weakening of environmental policy instrument, because of the production of a deregulation of rules established to license the build that was identified during the monitoring process. At the same time, the study examines elements and the contents of the discourse that proves the reproduction of developmentalist ideology as the predominant view in national policies for the Amazon. Through literature review, documentary research and field research, the dissertation shows that those who mobilizes a huge political capital in favor of the project and have more power within the field of relationships are the agents and institutions closer to the issues identified as strategic development policies. In this context, according to the reflections produced in this work, the imbalance between the strength of institutions like the Casa Civil, Ministério de Minas e Energia, Setor Elétrico Brasileiro, Ibama, Ministério Público e Movimentos Sociais mark the production of deregulation of environmental licensing at the expense of distorted use of the instruments contained therein and concepts which base its conduction. The result of this weakening will be reflected in the form of an institutionalized irresponsibility on a broader set of rights in the present legal order and in the democratic regime in Brazil.
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Vozes da resistência: narrativas da pública sobre os agentes e os conflitos nos projetos hidrelétricos do Tapajós
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-05-03) BRAGANÇA, Pedro Henryque Paes Loureiro de; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The ecosystem of the Brazilian media is predominantly made up of groups organized in hegemonic oligopolies. These groups also act as news organizations that use their narratives to build the world’s perceptions. However the Amazon reality presented is marked by stereotypes and visions on misleading the people of the region. This paper analyzes the agents and conflicts related to hydroelectric projects in the Tapajós basin in the report Public, investigative journalism agency, in order to understand the differences in the traditional press in the production of meaning on the Amazon. The narratives are identified and contextualized conflicts and agents in this power relationship, where the Public subverts the hegemonic logic and inserts the "resistance voices" to hydroelectric projects as the protagonists of the stories. The very public also poses as resistance in the journalistic field, leading to a discussion on how media regulation can act to enlarge spaces and democratic debates.
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Vozes dissonantes: estado, discurso e conflito no Oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-07-12) ARAÚJO, Rosane de Seixas Brito; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
The influence area of the Santarém-Cuiabá road, in the Brazilian Amazon, since the seventies has been going through a disorganized process of occupation and illegal violation of the natural reserves in the region. In this century, economically active groups dealing with agriculture, animal husbandry and wood exploitation started pushing federal government into asphalt paving great extension of the road, with the perspective of encouraging new economic flux and more profitable access of the products to the consumer markets, including international destinations. To this troublesome demand, other problems were added: increasing deforestation, intense conflict for land, illegal economic activities, ineffectiveness of the State. Considering this situation, the federal government elaborated the Sustainable BR-163 Plan, between 2004 and 2005, as experimental application of a policy for the development of the area, consolidated in the Sustainable Amazon Plan. Among the purposes of that plan, are the sustainable development, the reduction of social inequality, and a new model of democratic management and integration of public policies. This research is to understand, starting from western Pará, in which way are interrelated the dynamic of important social actors, after the first interventions according to the Plan. The actors included in this research were State representatives, in the three levels of management, wood executives, farmers, and rural workers. The analysis is based on what the actors say in order to evaluate if the federal government reached the purpose of bringing the conflicts into an institutional environment and getting external political recognition. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis that the conditions for the success of the measures are still not given, as consequence of organizational problems of the State, lack of political cohesion among the purposes of the Plan and among the federal institutions, and also lack of new institutional procedures of management to help managing the conflicts and to make more probable the compliance with the new measures. The weak political power of the federal government, in the field of intense disputation, is still a barrier for the reduction of severe social inequality for the legal recovery, which is important not only because of the law enforcement, but mainly to legitimate the new dynamic and the State itself.

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