Dissertações em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (Mestrado) - PPGAU/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4463

O Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo está inserido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (PPGAU), da Universidade Federal do Pará. É um curso ministrado sobre a responsabilidade do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da UFPA.

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Cidade, desenho e natureza: uma reflexão sobre os espaços livres de Marabá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-13) PONTES, Louise Barbalho; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The present work seeks to investigate the relationship between urbanization and the physical support through the features of Maraba's open spaces system (city located at Para's southeast, in the amazon context, presents itself in economic border situation, is object of urban experimentation and disconnected urban fabric filled with open spaces). To accomplish that, it’s needed to unravel the dichotomist view of city and nature through three analysis scale (global, national and local) unveiling conceptual placement socially created in rich countries that would suit as a background for the urban space production all over the world. The timelines developed from this conceptual deconstruction show that while in rich countries the ecological reconstruction and the quality of urban life is already pursed, in the economic border city, the economic rationality megalomania overlaps everyone and everything, leaving as a result great environmental end social tensions. However, the study invites to the reflection towards to new potentials for urban solutions in these spaces, precisely because of the non-occurrence of the complete territorial en social conversion, on the premise that the processes of urbanization of these cities happen in a single space-time, that has as privilege, the possibility of learn from the secular outline of world urban experiences and also from the traditional local knowledge that knew how to combine along time city and nature. From the science point of view the attention regarding the contemporary city form and the lenses capable of reveling the city materiality and its potential: the urban design and the landscape approach, as the starting point to elaborate a guide for empirical analysis formed by city apprehension instruments (scale, layers, borders and processes), tools for elaborate it (cartography, field investigation, people counting and interviews) and spatial quality parameters (diversity, attractiveness, comfort, access, security and identity). This way, Maraba's open spaces system is presented in a intermedium scale perspective (territorial, urban and district scale) and in objective and subjective layers (biophysical, urban and world's point of view) that reveals, besides its complexity, three degradation and fading processes (of the yard, of the public spaces and of preservation areas) and a great potential to reverse the loss – for there is a potential of an open space system structure - that unites possibilities to gather urban, environmental and cultural demands, and if thought as a coherent design could contribute to reestablish connections between urban cores that form the city with the biome and contribute to the fortification of local identity.
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O Descompasso do “modelo” na urbe amazônida: o caso de Porto Velho, Rondônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-30) MORELATO, Adriana Hiromi Nishida; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The establishment of the company town Madeira Mamoré Railway Company represents the genesis of the city of Porto Velho. Since then, the city´s urban expansion has been characterized by the hegemony of the functionalist logic of production, aimed to the exploitation of natural resources and capital accumulation. In contrast to the pre-existing way of life, which was based on a harmonious relationship of diverse communities and the natural environment, focusing on the coexistence of both parts. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the consequences of the city model adopted at the origin of Porto Velho, based on the pragmatic and functional patterns of the company town MMR, and how it affected the population’s quality of life and the coexistences on the natural environment. Hence, we sought to understand the city standards of the industrial society in the 20th century through the analysis of the Urbanism anthology elaborated by Choay (1965), and to demonstrate that the expansion of capital over the Global South occurred as a re-presentation of the colonialism based on the need for domination and domestication of a different local reality. Authors such as Fanon (1952), Acosta (2009) and Cusicanqui (2015) were used to highlight the need for a holistic and cosmopolitan view of the reality of the cities in the Global South, especially in the Amazon area. Targeting a true development, aligned with the de-colonial concepts. The order-disorder, progress-delay and rupture-continuity dichotomies were used to analyze the city of Porto Velho in its genesis and contemporaneity, considering the "space production agents", "infrastructure provision", " road network", "socio-spatial organization", "housing" and "natural elements" categories. As a result, the inefficiency of the exogenous solutions that led the process of creation and expansion of the city was proven. This welcomes and reconcile the Amazonian diversity with the human needs, based on an alliance between ancestral knowledge and new technologies, constituting, finally, innovative alternatives.
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Entre a várzea e terra firme: estudo de espaços de assentamentos tradicionais urbanos rurais na região do Baixo Tocantins
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-29) OLIVEIRA, Kamila Diniz; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453X
The administrative region of Baixo Tocantins was one of the first to receive European colonization in the State of Pará, underwent a typically Amazonian occupation initially established in the estuary of smaller rivers and streams, which advanced to the mainland after the transformations resulting from the integration of the Amazon to the rest of Brazil by land (through highways) and the Tocantins River dam by the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Plant. Road access has assumed an increasing importance in the establishment and expansion of settlements and towns and in the reconfiguration of cities. Although the region is home to the largest industrial district and the largest export port in the state, it has intense economic activity linked to extractivism, with emphasis on the pressure for an economic revitalization of the floodplain areas through the expansion of açaí management. Given this context, this dissertation aims to analyze the spatial arrangements of settlements of traditional populations located in the floodplain and on dry land in the municipalities of Cametá, Mocajuba and Baião, based on the methodologies of Lefebvre (2006) and Soja (1993) , on the trialetic nature of space (decomposed into spaces conceived, perceived and lived). The space of the study area was investigated based on these three dimensions, articulating territorial scales and ways of life, which seek to understand the historical context, the policies directed to the region and its socioeconomic formation, the form of appropriation of its spaces by communities that are heirs to and enslaved indigenous and African peoples, and the very morphology (spatial arrangements) of these communities that is organized in an increasingly complementary way to the city and urban structures and services. It was concluded that the peasant way of life is heir to innumerable political, cultural and social processes and actions, and adapts to the new; that spatial reorganization occurs through the transfer of areas of residences to the community center and the subdivision of work areas affected by public policies (eg, housing production or credit access framework), which has modified spatial arrangements both in the floodplain and on the mainland, and favoring the conversion of extractive use to others less adapted to the Amazon biome; and that the identification and registration of the processes of spatial transformations, in this type of study area, is a fundamental resource for the generation of a spatial repertoire more suited to urban, municipal and territorial policies destined to the Amazon.
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O espaço periurbano de Belém (PA) entre transformações, resistências e re-existências
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-28) VICENTE, Letícia Ribeiro; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte
It is understood that the peri-urban spaces of cities in the Amazon are today border spaces, where it is possible to perceive disputes and coexistences between different productive activities and different ways of life, which have undergone rapid transformations in recent decades. Areas of urban expansion, enterprises and industrial facilities coexist with areas understood as traditional, occupied by riverside communities, indigenous and quilombola communities. On the one hand, we can see the movement of transformations (arrival of the new/modern, disarticulations), and, on the other hand, resistance (maintenance of the old/traditional, search for the maintenance of ways of life linked to nature). At first sight these movements function as opposites, or as double negation, thesis and antithesis. But there are also syntheses, which are manifestations of the culmination of several re-existences, in which apparent dichotomies coexist and the possibilities of possible paths for the Amazon reside. To understand the transformations and local resistance, the stages of urbanization (spatial-time) presented by Lefebvre (1999) were used, divided into rural, urban-industrial and urban-utopia eras. From a dialectical perspective, the rural era works as a thesis. This era is present today through manifestations understood in this dissertation as resistances. As an antithesis, the second stage of urbanization, the urban-industrial era, is understood here as transformations. As a synthesis, the era of urban-utopia is presented as a possibility to glimpse what was called re-existence. In an attempt to contemplate a little of the regional diversity, the object of study of this dissertation is built around the peri-urban space of Belém (PA), a city (and municipality) that works as a significant example for historically playing the role of an Amazon metropolis. To this end, the peri-urban space of Belém (PA) was analyzed considering the transformations and resistances that permeate its socio-spatial production throughout history, as well as the contemporary re-existences that demonstrate the potential for emancipation and strengthening of communities that depend on of nature management. The discussion about peri-urban spaces in different contexts was presented, bringing it closer to that of Amazonian cities. In the analysis of the peri-urban space of Belém (PA), it was concluded that historically this space was constituted as a regional extended peri-urban space, since Belém had great political and economic centrality, which made it possible to articulate and interact directly with several places within the Amazon. It is considered, however, that from the second half of the 20th century onwards, several national and international processes diminished the centrality of Belém and its ability to exert influence regionally. It was noted at the local scale that the availability of land in the peri-urban space of Belém makes the peripheral, the expansion area and the communities that depend on the management of nature mix. Through some selected case studies, the re-existences that permeate the socio-spatial production of the peri-urban space of Belém were also investigated and analyzed. The re-existences made it possible to visualize that the constitution of the peri-urban space of Belém is, on the one hand, directly linked to economic, political and cultural impositions from distant places, and at the same time, it presents an enormous potential for the emancipation of local communities, which emerges from the alliance between culture, nature, and social justice. It also points out the recognition of otherness as a path to the era of urban-utopia.
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A ilusão da igualdade: natureza, justiça ambiental e racismo em Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-31) MIRANDA, Thales Barroso; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453X
This master thesis comes from a concern about the lack of recognition of social and racial inequalities as structuring elements in the production of urban space in Brazil, mainly by environmental studies. Address the exploitation of the environment to achieve profit and favor certain social classes that have control of land ownership, and social and political power, it has been the most common approach in the Brazilian context. In the context of an Amazonian city like Belém, flat relief and water stand out as historically dynamic elements of urban occupation and disproportionately more severe environmental consequences for certain social groups. Thus, this master thesis aims to reveal environmental injustices and social and racial inequalities in the production of the urban space of Belém, historically marked by rentier urban growth, by territorial dispute and countless environmental consequences. The methodological procedure was diverse, first of all it started with a bibliographic review about nature, Brazilian racial issue, and the sociospatial formation of Belem. Then, it was made analysis of urban growth patterns of the metropolitan region of Belem, through digital rating techniques of orbital images, with two periods of time (1984 to 1999 and 1999 to 2018). The same period of time selected were used to analyze the urban occupation and the hydrological impacts in the river basin of the Metropolitan Region of Belem. To conclude, it was made analysis of socioeconomic, racial, environmental and urban infrastructure data of Belem. The obtained results show that there is a correlation between the urban spot, the vegetal cover and the reduction of adequate rates for the operation of river basins in the Metropolitan Region of Belem. Furthermore, it was verified that two out of three people live in the flooding area of Belem, which is mostly composed of black and low-income people. It was also verified that the overflow in the city match with the flooding susceptible areas, due to the lack of urban drainage and the incapacity of public management of the territory, masked with a speech which blames the nature. It is conclude that the environmental issues in the urban space of Belem affect unequally the population of the city and they are based on structures of political, economic and social power grounded in racism and inequality.
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Modernização e transformações recentes nos processos intra-urbanos no sudeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-05) MELO, Ana Carolina Campos de; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
Since 2006, the southeastern Pará has seen great changes in the intra-urban space, led by the private sector, with the participation of various fractions of capital (agricultural, commercial, real estate, financial). Developers, builders, land owners, retail chains and agribusiness investors, supported by the State produced new and modern developments in a previously unprecedented scale in the region. These changes showed the city space, the arrival of recent modernization processes in line with global capitalist dynamic and, at the other end, the grievance of intra-urban inequalities as they are introduced these new processes. It is observed in that context, an increasingly marked subordination of architectural and urban forms to the imperatives of capitalist enterprise, changing, so the sense of architecture and therefore the role of the architect himself, progressively farther from possibility of alliance with the recipients. In the wake of these events, this paper discusses the recent changes in the intra-urban area in southeastern Pará, particularly observed in the cities of Marabá and Parauapebas, and how this scenario articulates the processes that follow global trends, assumed as local manifestations of the contradictions of capitalist expansion of the city.
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Sociedade de informação, território e cidade na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-07-22) GUEDES, Fabrício Gean Lopes; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
The present research investigates the penetration of Information and Communication Technologies in Brazilian Amazon as manifestation of an Information Society. Initially the context of transformations that caused the emergence of the Information Society on contemporary world is presented, highlighting the importance of the Information and Communication Technologies, and of cities for this society. Then, the role of cities in the historical process of occupation and exploitation of the Amazon is discussed, followed by the presentation of new perspectives for the region under the prevailing techno-economic paradigm. From this context, two variables from the Brazilian Census - the components "computerization" and "internet access" were chosen to be analyzed according to, two distinct frames: a) the first, with emphasizing regional spatial scale, highlighting spatial inequalities of ICT penetration in the territory, b) and the second, taking the city of Maraba-PA as a case study, in order to identify - dynamics associated with the use of ICT in different contexts of Marabá’s urban life. Research results show that there is low penetration of ICT in the Amazon at different spatial scales. This condition is attributed a set of factors, with prominence of precariousness or nonexistence of telecommunications in the Amazon, which impacts the provision of digital services, and consequently reduce considerably the potential of the region and of its cities of being inserted in virtual networks of knowledge and information.
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Tem gente! Uma análise de projetos habitacionais do PAC em assentamentos informais no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-25) PEREIRA, Glaydson de Jesus Cordovil; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395
This research approaches contributions and limitations of the Growth Acceleration Program - PAC, in its modality Urbanization of Precarious Settlements, for social housing production by other government levels, from the observation of interventions part of the first generation of Program’s contracts, underway in the state of Pará, focused on the areas of informal settlements, taking as areas of study investments in settlements located in the state capital, Belem, and the city of Maraba, Para southeastern medium size city. It is understood that interventions for housing and infrastructure provision in informal settlements compromised to the permanence of original inhabitants after their conclusion, represent a paradigm change, and must be considered as an advance of official action in all levels of government, at present translated through allocation of financial resources in housing and infrastructure, among other actions. In this sense, considering PAC as a milestone in this journey of implementing urban policies in Brazil, the study examines more particularly the interventions contracted in the 1st generation of the program, based on the results achieved so far by the projects contracted by the State Government of Pará in 2007. The literature review discusses the process of "creative destruction" of the capitalist mode of production, analyzing how this process is reflected in the production of urban space, through the selection of variables relevant to such production. In the sequence, the research contextualizes the actions on provision of housing in Brazil and its consequences in Pará in recent decades; a conceptual approach to PAC is presented, showing how the Program is operated through normative parameters and who are the actors in charge. A brief discussion of the process of production of urban space of cities in Pará taken as cases study areas is also presented. The empirical research was conducted through documentary research, on-site surveys, and interviews with representatives and technicians of all levels of government, and with the residents of the case study areas. The results show that, despite the progress made, the policies aimed at the Brazilian urban housing production and urbanization of informal settlements, the way they are designed, still need to improve their lines of action in order to face the liability resulting from the absence and/ or insufficiency of urban planning and management of states and municipalities during the process of urbanization in Brazil, as well as achieve socio spatial consolidation of settlements after cited interventions.

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